四级语法讲座4：主谓一致.ppt
英语四级,语法讲座,重点六 主 谓 一 致,I.考点分析,主谓一致在四级考试中出现的不多，但因为较简单，应当掌握。考试的重点和难点主要是集体名词，如family,class等，它们可以表示一个集体，此时要用单数，如：My family is a big one；它们也可以表示这个集体中的个体，这时要用复数，如：My family were having dinner when the unexpected guest came。,II.知识点,主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。处理主谓一致一般应遵循以下三 原则：1.语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。a.The number of errors was surprising.b.Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2.意义一致，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。a.The crowd were fighting for their lives.(单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员)b.Five minutes is enough.(复数名词单数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个数目)就近原则,主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。【例如】Myfriendhasnointentionofgoing shoppingwithme.Myfriendshavenointentionof goingshoppingwithme.,1)语法一致原则,2)意义一致原则,主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。【例如】TheclassarebusyingwritingEnglish passages.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywhichhasadvancedscienceand technology.带有复数词尾的学科名称、国家等在意义是表示单数概念，用单数动词。,3)就近原则,谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。由either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso连接或由here,there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。【例如】NeithermyfriendsnorIwasableto persuadehimtoacceptouradvice.Eitherheorshehasbrokenthewindow,forthereisnooneelsethere.Thereisateacherandfiftystudentsin theclassroom.,III.其它要点：,1.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、时间等复数名词时，往往可根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数形式。a.The dollars is not enough.b.Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.如果明显地指一个个个体，则要根据语法一致地原则，谓语动词用复数形式。a.There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.,III.其它要点：,2.如果主语是“the形容词（或分词）”时，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式：如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。a.The blind are taught trades in special schools.b.The departed was a good friend of his.c.The good in him overweighs bad.3.如果主语由“either(neither)+of+复数名词（或代词）”结构担任时，一般根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数形式。a.Has either of your parents visited you?b.Neither of them wants to come.,四级真题主谓一致关系,1.Ever since Picassos painting went on exhibit,there_ large crowds at the museum every day.(93/01/54)A)race B)has been C)have been D are beingC)题意：自从毕加索的画参展后，每天博物馆都有大批的参观者。解析：由于要求必须用复数，而要求主句必须用完成时态，故只能选C。2._ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.(94/1/52)A)None B)Either C)Both D Neither2.D)题意：这两本书中的观点相同：核战争的危险没有在继续上升。解析：Neither,两者都不，符合题义。其余均不能用于两者的否定。none用于三者和三者以上的否定；either表示肯定；both表示否定。,3.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _.(98/01/33)A)has been accepted B)have been accepted C)was accepted D)were acceptedC)题意：在这所大学申请职位的两个年轻人都没有被接受。解析：Neither of结构作主语时需用谓语动词的单数形式，故只有C正确。4.The owner and editor of the newspaper _ the conference.(02/6/57)A)were attending B)were to attend C)is to attend D)are to attend C)题意：该报的老板兼主编将参加会议。解析：the owner and editor指的是同一个人，要用单数。,主谓一致练习,1.If law and order _ not preserved,people will not be able to live a secure life.A)are B)were C)is D)wasC)题意：如果法制不被保留，人们就无法过安全的生活。解析：law and order 可看成一个概念即法制，故用单数动词作谓语，由主句时态可知从句为泛义概念，故用现在时。2.The movies star as well as a lot of fans _ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers.A)were B)was C)had D)hasB)题意：电视台和报社给该位电影明星及许多影迷拍摄了大量照片。解析：主语是movies star,as well as 结构为插入结构，不影响全句结构，故谓语动词仍用单数。,3.As I have a meeting at four,ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A)are B)was C)is D)wereC)题意：因为我四点钟有会，所以我最多只能抽出10分钟和你说话。解析：当主语表示的数量被看作一个整体时，无论其数目多大，谓语都是单数。4.A number of my friends _ I should take a holiday.But I am just too busy to spare any time.A)think B)thinks C)had thought D)has thoughtA)题意：很多朋友都觉得我应该休假，但我太忙了，抽不出时间。解析：a number of+名词的复数形式，后面的谓语动词应用复数，But后的句子时态应为现在时。选项(C)意为“原以为”，隐含的意义是与事实相反，但But后的句子表明朋友们的猜测并不与事实相冲突。,5.So long as you have a companion,twenty miles _ a long way to walk,especially in the morning.A)is B)isnt C)are D)arentB)题意：只要有同伴，走20英里的路程并不算远，尤其是在清晨的时候。解析：Twenty miles形式上是复数，但是表达的是一个整体的意义，谓语动词应用单数。由前面的条件从句可知本句表达的是否定的意思。6.The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard.Till now more than one person _ suspected.A)isis B)isare C)areis D)areareC)题意：警察们正在搜寻一个高个子男人，他的肤色较暗，留着胡子。到现在，已经不止一个人被怀疑。解析：The police表达的是复数意义，指“警察们”，谓语动词应用复数，More than one person表达的也是复数意义，但习惯上用单数。,7.Reading many books _ her happy.A)make B)makes C)is making D)are makingB)题意：大量的阅读使她很快乐。解析：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。8.Every boy and girl must have _ uniform neatly kept.A)his B)her C)their D)them A)题意：每个男孩和女孩都须使自己的制服保持整洁。解析：主语有every,each 字样出现谓语动词要用单数，相应的所有格要用his。,9.The committee _ to have its second meeting in Tianjin next month.A)are going B)is going C)goes to D)go toB)题意：该组委会将于下月在天津召开第二轮会议。解析：committee是集合名词，其后动词可为单数或复数，这里因代词用了its，所以选用单数的is going，C、D时态不对。10.In addition to John and Mary,their father _ visit you tomorrow.A)is going to B)are going to C)shall D)are toA)题意：除了约翰和玛丽，他们的父亲明天也将拜访你。解析：主语本身是单数，当它和as well as，with，together with，along with，like，unlike，besides，In addition to，including，rather than等词或词组连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。,11.Not only you but also the professor _ surprised at the result of the exam.A)are B)is C)were D)have beenB 题意：不仅是你，教授也对考试的结果大为吃惊。解析：not onlybut also搭配中，谓语动词的数和but also之后的名词一致。,Bye Bye,
