英语语法：虚拟语气.ppt

英语语法虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood,教师：黄莹璐,I.动词的语气简介：语气表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。,动词的三种语气：1、陈述语气所表达的动作或状态是符合客观 现实的。e.g.Flowers blossom in the spring.He played the piano well.,2、祈使语气表示号召、命令、请求、劝告等。e.g.Let us help you.Keep off the grass.,3、虚拟语气与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑 推测、祝愿等。,II.虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）,判断以下句子是不是正确的虚拟语气：,1.If we could finish our work earlier,we shall go to the cinema.,2.The doctor suggests that she will not smoke.,3.I wish that it is true.,4.Had you put on more clothes,you would not catch a cold.,shall 改成 should,will not 改成(should)not,is 改成 were,would not catch 改成 would not have caught,III.虚拟语气的运用,1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句 3）错综条件句 4）省略if的倒装句 5）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词等后）,1、在if条件从句中的运用,2、其他形式的虚拟语气,1）should+动词原形的形式（表建议的advise，suggest等词或从句后）2）wish，would rather，as if等后的虚拟语气的形式,1、if条件句中的虚拟语气,If it _(rain)tomorrow,our trip _(put off).,2）if虚拟条件句,构成从句：一般现在时 主句：将来时,rains,will be put off,动词过去式bewere,条件从句,结果主句,would/should/could/might+动词原形,had+过去分词,would/should/could/might+have 过去分词,动词过去式 were+不定式 should+动词原形,would（should）+动词原形,1）if真实条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,ATTENTION,虚拟语气的助动词为should，would，could，might，与将来事实相反常用should或would系动词be的过去式只有were 虚拟语气中只有完成式、过去式的形式，不存在一般现在时、将来时等其他时态的形式,练习：,1.If I _(know)her address,I would write to her.2.What would you have done if you _(miss)the train?3.If he _(not be ill),he would have done something.4.If it _(snow)tomorrow,we _(get up)early.,5.If you had asked him yesterday,you _(know)what to do now.,knew,had missed,had not been ill,were to/should snow/snowed,should get up,would know,3)错综条件句,If he _ his legs yesterday,he _ with us now.hadnt hurt;would go hadnt hurt;would have gonedidnt hurt;would go didnt hurt;would have gone,错综条件句是指条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致。e.g.If she hadnt studied hard,she wouldnt speak so well.,4)省略if的倒装句,e.g.If they were here,they would help us.,如果从句中有were，should，had等词，可省略if，并把were，should，had放句首进行倒装。,If you had come earlier,nothing would have happened.,Were they here,they would help us.,Had you come earlier,nothing would have happened.,_ before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful party.Had they arrived Would they arrive Were they arriving Were they to arrive,5)含蓄条件句,假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。如with，without，but for，but，otherwise等。,e.g.I lost her phone number,otherwise,I would have rung her up.,But for your help,I would not have the chance to go to School.,I was away that day,otherwise I _ the lecture.had attended would have attendedwould attend attended,If you had not helped me,If I had not lost her phone number,The End,