新视野大学英语读写教程（第二版）第四册Unit 7 Section AResearch into Population Genetics.ppt

,Text Study,Idea Sharing,Notes to the Text,Words and Expressions,Writing,Understanding,Reproduction,Structure Analysis,Summary,I.Structure Analysis,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Introduction+Body+Conclusion,Research into Population Genetics,Introduction of the book and the first genetic map(Paras.12),Text StudyStructure Analysis,The process of conducting the research(Paras.34),Example:blood sample,(To be continued),Contributions of the first genetic map of the world:(Paras.59),Text StudyStructure Analysis,Conclusion:to weaken conventional notions of race that cause racial prejudice(Para.10),discovery,birthplace,origins,values,Go over the text quickly and answer the questions.,For questions 1-7,mark Y(for YES);N(for NO);NG(for NOT GIVEN);For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the text.,Text StudyUnderstanding,II.Understanding Make Your Judgment,1.The History and Geography of Human Genes is a remarkable book about an extensive survey on population genetics.2.The writers of the book firmly believe that races are remarkably different since the genes are not alike.3.In order to reveal genetic makeup of people in all parts of the world,the writers did not set limitation when collecting human blood.,N,N,Y,Text StudyUnderstanding,4.Some of the potential blood donors were not willing to cooperate because of some religious concern.5.Certain race turns into another race to adapt to climate as humans move from one continent to another.6.Writers of the book believed that Americans are a mixed population,with 65%Asian and 35%African genes.7.Genetic information may be great helpful in the field of medicine.,Y,Y,NG,N,Text StudyUnderstanding,8.The writers trace the routes by which early humans migrated around the earth by measuring how closely _ _.9.The genetic map and _ confirms that Africa was the birthplace of humanity and thus the starting point of the original human movements.10.Cavalli-Sforza says that his goal is to _ that cause racial prejudice.,ancient human bones,current populations,“weaken conventional notions of race”,Text StudyUnderstanding,are related,The book The History and Geography of Human Genes was written after the _ have spent 16 years examining the _ between the populations of the world.This was achieved largely by taking the blood of hundreds of thousands of _ from all around the world,and then analyzing their _.,III.Summary,genetic similarities,researchers,individuals,blood proteins,Text StudySummary,(To be continued),Scientifically this has allowed the writers to discover the _ taken by early people migrating around the world and also to show that _we are all very similar on a genetic level.The ultimate goal of the study,however,is not just _:it hopes to have a _ effect by proving that there is no biological basic for _.,routes,scientific,social,racial prejudice,under the skin,Text StudySummary,Student A:the hostStudent B:the guest Luca Cavalli-SforzaOther students:audience with questions Task:The host has an interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza about his book and the research.,IV.Reproduction,Talk Show:Interview on Luca Cavalli-Sforza,Text StudyReproduction,brief introduction of the book,contributions of the book,significance of the research,A sample beginning,Text StudyReproduction,questions from the audience,Points to cover:,exchange of greetings,A:What kind of book is The History and Geography of Human Genes?B:Well,it is a collection of more than 50 years of research in population genetics.A:Can you tell us the most remarkable idea in your book?B:We believe that if you do not take surface features such as skin color and height into consideration,the“races”are remarkably alike under the skin.,Text StudyReproduction,Active Expressions,Focus Study,In English,you may find some expressionsformed by very common words,but theyare active and powerful.,Whats on at the cinema tonight?今晚电影院上演什么？Whats he up to?他忙什么呢？,I.Active Expressions,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,1.various proteins that serve as markers to reveal a persons genetic makeup.2.One of them jumps right off the books cover:a color map of.3.But their genes tell a different story.4.But their genes beg to differ.,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,1.serve be useful;do a helpful job2.right exactly in a particular position;immediately 3.story information;description;occasion4.beg to differ do not agree with,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,她在销售方面的才能对她以后将大有帮助。就是那栋房子，就在你前面。3.美国的失业率下降，欧洲也是如此。4.在这点上我必须说我不赞成。,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Her talent for selling will serve her well in the future.There is the house,right in front of you.3.Unemployment is falling in the US and its the same story in Europe.4.I must beg to differ on this point.,Notes to the TextActive Expressions,Notes to the TextFocus Study,1.The book,however,is much more than an argument against the latest racially biased theory.,“more than”=to a greater degree than usual,Practice,II.Focus Study,他不仅是一个教练，他更是一个朋友。,学习英语不仅仅是上课和记笔记。,Hes more than a coach;hes a friend.,Learning English is more than attending the classes and taking notes.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,2.,labored with his colleagues for 16 years to create nothing less than the first genetic map of the world.,Practice,“nothing less than”used to emphasize importance or surprise,三个月就建成了这个学校，简直是一个奇迹。,他的经历简直太奇妙了，我被感动得流下眼泪。,The setting up of this school in three months is nothing less than a miracle.,His experience is nothing less than magical and I am moved to tears.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3.Cavalli-Sforza stresses that his mission is not just scientific but social as well.,not(just/only).but.as well=not only.but also,Practice,Notes to the TextFocus Study,莎士比亚不仅是作家，也是演员。,有些父母不仅关心这些游戏的安全性，还对它 们的教育意义表示怀疑。,Shakespeare was not only a writer but an actor as well.,Some parents are not only concerned with safety but skeptical of the educational value of such games as well.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Old to New,Chinese to English,Word Using,1.to date up to now,迄今为止他的情况没有任何进展。这是他迄今为止最杰出的成就。,To date there has been no improvement in his condition.This is his finest achievement to date.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,I.Word Using,2.discount vt.think or say that sth.is not important,他说的许多话不可全信，他喜欢想象。,Much of what he says must be discounted;he likes imagining.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,2.discount n.a reduction in the usual price of something,一些剧院的戏票，学生可以打八五折。,Students get a 15%discount on some theatre tickets.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,3.bias n.an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling,许多妇女在工作场合仍遭受根深蒂固的偏见。,Many women still encounter deep-seated bias in the workplace.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4.be confined to be kept within certain limits,旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。,The tour group is confined to the planned activities.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,5.in effect in fact,似乎他们以为修一条新路会解决这个交通问题，事实上，情况将更糟糕。,They seem to think that building a new road will solve the traffic problem,but it will make it worse.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,6.adapt to try to deal successfully with a new situation,According to your experience,how to adapt to college life?,being open-minded turning to teachers for help trying to making friends,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,7.in combination with together with,她采用利诱和威胁并用的方法，获得了成功。,By using persuasion in combination with threats,she achieved success.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,调查报告将有助于解开这个疑团。,The investigation report will shed light on the mystery.,8.shed light on make something easier to understand,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,9.be descended from be related to someone who lived long ago,达尔文指出人类是从动物演变而来的。,Darwin pointed out that human beings are descended fromanimals.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,10.distinctive adj.having a quality or characteristic that make sth.different and easily noticed,他走路的样子与众不同。房间里有一种特殊的气味。,He has a distinctive way of walking.There is a distinctive smell in the room.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,change make knownbring together facebe similar todividenot the sameunusual use for profit,vary reveal assembleconfront resemble split distinct uniqueexploit,II.Old to New,Words and ExpressionsOld to New,III.Chinese to English,广泛的调查科学根据偏远地区乡下引人注目的发现并非如此适应商业目的最终目的传统观念,extensive surveyscientific basis remote areasrural region remarkable discoveries tell a different storyadapt to commercial purposesultimate aim conventional notions,Words and ExpressionsC to E,Value of Research,What do you think is the value of research into human genetics?,The Value of Research into Human Genetics,Idea sharing,Watch the movie and have a discussion.,DNA,It is all part of the miracle of cloning.Mr.DNA,where did you come from?From your blood.A DNA strand like me is a blueprint for building a living thingthey fed on the blood of animal,even dinosaurs.After a long time,the tree sap would get hard and become fossilized,just like a dinosaur bonethey extract the preserved blood from the mosquito,Idea sharing,Find out the riddle of our lives Figure out how many genes we have Find out the cause of many inherited diseases Figure out a way to fix defective genes Understand how DNA and proteins work Have a clearer idea of how we are related to the other life forms with which we share our planet,Idea sharing,The research by the scientists of Human Genetic Project(人类基因工程)brings great hope to human beings.,Conclusion,Idea sharing,Great Hopes of Genetic Science,Find out the riddle of our lives Figure out how many genes we have Find out the cause of many inherited diseases Figure out a way to fix defective genes Understand how DNA and proteins work Have a clearer idea of how we are related to the other life forms with which we share our planet,Idea sharing,Structured Writing,Practical Writing,Normally,a writer starts with a general point and then presents a number of examples to support his point.,I.Structured Writing,Sample,Structured Writing,Living by the sea has many advantages,including a milder,less extreme climate,an access to a wide variety of fish and shellfish,and an easy means of transport and communication,both inland via rivers,and along the coast insheltered waters.,1.A Sample,Structured Writing,A general point:Living by the sea has many advantages,Example 1:less extreme climate,Example 3:easy means of transport and communication,Example 2:access to a wide variety of fish and shellfish,Structured Writing,Write a paragraph with a general point followedby some examples to support it.Topic sentence:A telephone device has been useful in many ways.,2.Your Task,Reference,Structured Writing,Reference,A telephone device has been useful in many ways.It may help you to obtain information in a comparatively quicker way.The timely information will place you in an advantageous position in a world of competition when it comes to decision as to your business.Besides,if you want to make an appointment with others,you can use a telephone to get it arranged beforehand,to avoid awkwardness for your unexpected arrival.,Structured Writing,II.Practical Writing,Practical Writing,IOU（收据）,IOU means“I owe you”.IOU is a receipt and a written statement that proves one has borrowed something,especially money.What needs to be filled out may include the date,the time to pay back,the amount of money,the interest,and thereceivers signature.,1.Sample1(Term Pay),May 25,2005Six months after date I promise to pay to the Financial Office of Guangxi University the sumof 4,000 RMB Yuan for value received.Wei Da,Practical Writing,Sample 2(No Term Pay),March 15,2005To the Financial Office of Guangxi University:IOU 4,000 RMB Yuan only.Yang Wei,Practical Writing,March 8 2005 Borrowed from the phonetics laboratory of Foreign Languages Department two Sony cassette tapes.Dong Hui,Sample 3(Borrowing Objects),Practical Writing,Write an IOU to certify that you borrowed$5,000 from the Financial Department of Hui Huang Company on March 3,2005.The interest is 3%per month.You have to return the sum withinseven months.,2.Your Task,Practical Writing,March 3,2005 Seven months after date I promise to pay to Financial Department of Hui Huang Company the sum of five thousand dollars($5,000)only with interest of 3%per month._(signature),Reference,Practical Writing,To Section B,The End of Section A,