台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)secret[试题].doc

本科毕业设计台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划外文文献及译文台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划文献、资料题目：Evaluating Water Conservation 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Measures For Green Building 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划In Taiwan台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划文献、资料来源： 网络：国道数据库台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2003.9.25台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划院 （部）： 市政与环境工程学院台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划专 业： 给水排水工程台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划班 级： 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划姓 名： 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划学 号： 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划指导教师： 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划翻译日期： 2008.5.20台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划外文文献：台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Evaluating Water Conservation Measures For Green Building In Taiwan台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Cheng-Li Cheng台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Green Building evaluation is a new system in which water conservation is prioritized as one of its seven categories for saving water resources through building equipment design in Taiwan. This paper introduces the Green Building program and proposes a water conservation index with quantitative methodology and case study. This evaluation index involves standardized scientific quantification and can be used in the pre-design stage to obtain the expected result. The measure of evaluation index is also based on the essential research台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划in Taiwan and is a practical and applicable approach.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Keywords: Green Building; Evaluation system; Water conservation; Building equipment 台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划1. Introduction台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划The environment was an issue of deep global concern throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Fresh water shortages and pollution are becoming one of the most critical global problems. Many organizations and conferences concerning water resource policy and issues have reached the consensus that water shortages may cause war in the 21st century1,if not a better solution .Actually, Taiwan is already experiencing significant discord over water supply. Building new dams is no longer an acceptable solution to the current water shortage problems, because of the consequent environmental problems. Previous studies have concluded台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划that water savings are necessary not only for water conservation but also for reducing energy consumption 2,3.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 Taiwan is located in the Asian monsoon area and has an abundant supply of rainwater. Annual precipitation averages around 2500mm. However, water shortages have recently been a critical problem during the dry season. The crucial, central issue is the uneven distribution of torrential rain, steep hillsides, and short rivers. Furthermore, the heavy demand for domestic water use in municipal areas, and the difficulties in building new reservoirs are also critical factors. Government departments are endeavoring to spread publicly the concept of water-conservation. While industry and commerce have made excellent progress in water conservation, progress among the public has been extremely slow.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 Due to this global trend, the Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI), Ministry of Interior in Taiwan, proposed the “Green Building” concept and built the evaluation system. In order to save water resources through building equipment design, this system prioritizes water conservation as one of its seven categories. This paper focuses on the water conservation measures for Green Building in Taiwan and a quantitative procedure for proving water-saving efficiency. The purpose of this work is not only aimed at saving water resources, but also at reducing the environmental台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划impact on the earth.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2. Water conservation index台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 The water conservation index is the ratio of the actual quantity of water consumed in a building to the average water-consumption in general. The index is also called, “the water saving rate”. Evaluations of the water-consumption quantity include the evaluation to the water-saving efficiency within kitchens, bathrooms and all water taps, as well as the recycling of rain and the secondhand intermediate water.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2.1. Goal of using the water conservation index台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划Although Taiwan has plenty of rain, due to its large population, the average rainfall for distribution to each individual is poor compared to the world average as shown in Fig. 1.Thus, Taiwan is reversely a country short of water. Yet, the recent improvements in citizens standards of living have led to a big increase in the amount of water needed in cities, as shown in Fig. 2, which, accompanied by the difficulty of obtaining new water resources, makes the water shortage problem even worse. Due to the improper water facilities designs in the past, the low water fee, and the usual practical behavior of people when using water, Taiwanese people have tended to use a large quantity of tap water. In 1990,the average water-consumption quantity in Taiwan was 350l per person per day, whereas in Germany it is about 145l per person per day, and in Singapore about 150l per person per day. These statistics reveal the need for Taiwanese people to save water.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 The promotion of better-designed facilities which facilitate water-saving will become a new trend among the public and designers, because of concerns for environmental protection. The water conservation index was also designed to encourage utilization of the rain, recycling of water used in everyday life and use of water-saving equipment to reduce the expenditure of water and thus save water resources.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2.2. Methodology for efficient use of water resources台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 Some construction considerations and building system designs for effective use of water resources are described below.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2.2.1. Use water-conservation equipment台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 A research of household tap-water consumption revealed that the proportion of the water used in flushing toilets and in bathing, amounts to approximately 50% of the total household water consumption, as given in Table 1. Many construction designers have tended to use luxurious water facilities in housing, and much water has thus been wasted. The use of water-saving equipment to replace such facilities is certain to save a large amount of water. For example, the amounts of water used in taking a shower and having a bath is quite different. A single shower uses around 70l of water, whereas a bath uses around 150l. Furthermore, current construction designs for housing in Taiwan tend to put two sets of bathtubs and toilets, and quite a few families have their own massage bathtubs. Such a situation can be improved only by removing the tubs and replacing them with shower nozzles, so that more water can be possibly saved. The commonly used water-saving devices in Taiwan now include new-style water taps, water-saving toilets, two-sectioned water closets, water-saving shower nozzles, and auto-sensor flushing device systems, etc. Water-saving devices can be used not only for housing, but also in other kinds of buildings. Public buildings, in particular, should take the lead in using water-saving devices.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2.2.2. Set up a rain-storage water supply device台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 The rain-storage water supply device stores rain using natural landforms or man-made devices, and then uses simple water-cleaning procedures to make it available for use in houses. Rain can be used not only as a substitute water supply, but also for re control. Its use also helps to decrease the peak-time water load in cities. The annual average rainfall in Taiwan is about 2500 mm, almost triple better than the global average. However, due to geographic limitations, we could not build enough water storage devices, such as dams, to save all the rain. It is quite a pity that annually about 80% of the rain in Taiwan is wasted and flows directly into the sea, without being saved and stored. The rain-storage water supply system is used with a water-gathering system, water-disposal system, water-storage system and water-supply system. First, the water-gathering system gathers the rain. Then, the water flows to the water-disposal system through pipes, before being sent to the water-storage system. Finally, it is sent to the usersequipment through another set of pipes. Using the drain on the roof of a building, leading to the underground water-storage trough, is considered an effective means of gathering rain. The water, after simple water-disposal processes, can be used for chores such as house cleaning, washing floors, air-conditioning or watering plants.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划2.2.3. Establishing the intermediate water system台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 Intermediate water is that gathered from the rain in cities, and includes the recycled waste-water which has already been disposed of and can be used repeatedly only within a certain range, but not for drinking or human contact. Flushing the toilet consumes 35% of all water. If everyone were to use intermediate water to flush toilets, much water could be efficiently saved. Large-scale intermediate water system devices are suggested to be built up regularly with in a big area. Each intermediate water system device can gather, dispose and recycle a certain quantity of waste-water from nearby government buildings, schools, residences, hotels, and other buildings. The obtained water can be used for flushing toilets, washing cars, watering plants and cleaning the street, or for garden use and to supplement the water of rivers or lakes. A small-scale intermediate water system gathers waste-water from everyday use, and then, through appropriate water-disposal procedures, improves the water quality to a certain level, so that finally it can be repeatedly used for non-drinking water. There are extensive ways to use the intermediate water. It can be used for sanitary purposes, public fountains, watering devices in gardens and washing streets. In order to recycle highly polluted waste-water, a higher cost is needed for setting up the associated water-disposal devices, which are more expensive and have less economic benefits than the rain-utilization system. Except for the intermediate water-system set within a single building, if we build them within large-scale communities or major construction development programs, then it is sure to save more water resources efficiently and positively for the whole country as well as improve the environmental situation.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划3. Water conservation index and basis台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 Present research into the utilization of water resources mainly considers residential buildings, while data for other kinds of buildings are comparatively few. Since daily water consumption of the citizen is mainly from their private dwellings, the indicator of utilizing water resources thus focuses on the actual water-saving quantity as far as residential buildings are concerned. Research that relates to other kinds of buildings focuses on the adoption rate of simply equipped water-saving equipment. Table 1 shows the average and maximum daily household water consumption of each Taiwanese person, from which a standardized daily total water-consumption of250 l per person per day is estimated and set as the calculation base.台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划3.1. Calculation台湾的绿色建筑节约用水评价措施(毕业设计外文翻译)_secret给水排水爱荷粹敦践减哼差煎菱款程簇难熊诫座循脖菩贷旗蛊碰栋掇举凡搽家份线妊院样萎儿侨杭镐操杰锣琅休澈遥继鄂峰霉捕溃蒙族砧瀑伦化给骋虏蚁划 The actual water-saving rate(WR) is calculated according to Formula (1). Formula (3) shows that a qualified value of WR should be <0:8. A building with a qualified WR is eligible to apply for the “Green Building” incentive p