英语名词详解.ppt

英语语法词性详解一 名词,一、什么是“名词”及名词的分类,二、可数名词变复数的规则,三、不可数名词,四、名词所有格,五、练习,、典型例题分析,、练习,（）,（）,（）,(4),(1),(2),名词:表示一类事物名称的词。,返回,1.规则变化,2.不规则变化,1、一般加-s,如:maps,cars,2、以s，x，sh,ch 结尾的加-es;如：dish-dishes,3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加-es;如：baby-babies,family-families,4、以f,fe结尾的名词，通常要变f 或fe为v,再加-es;如:leaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注:belief-beliefs（信心）,roof-roofs（屋顶）,5、以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo photos,piano pianos,kilo-kilos,radio radios,zoo zoos；b.加es，如：potato potatoes，tomatotomatoes,hero heroes(英雄),改变部分字母：woman-women 妇女，man-men男人，policeman-polimen警察child-children孩子，mouse-mice老鼠,foot-feet脚,tooth-teeth 牙,单、复数同形：yuan元,people人、人民,sheep绵羊,deer,fish,关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人 Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人 澳、加（真）美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans,返回,不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind(种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),返回,名词的格,在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有或所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s。my fathers study 我父亲的书房 a.以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“”。the teachers reading room 教员阅览室 b.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加 s。the peoples right 人民的权利 the womens dress c.如专有名词以s结尾，它的所有格一般只加“”，但也有加 s 的时候。Burns poems 彭斯的诗,d.复合名词的所有格的词尾 s 加在后面的名词之后。her son-in-laws photo 她女婿的照片 e.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s。Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）f.有些指时间，距离，国家，城镇的无生命名词也可加 s 表示所有格。half an hours class 半个小时的课 Chinas industry 中国的工业 twenty minutes walk 二十分钟的路程,2）表示无生命东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有关系。the cover of the book 书的封面 the contents of the story故事的内容3）指有生命的名词有时也可以用of词组表示所有格。a.如果名词较长。the story of Dr.Norman Bethune 白求恩的故事 the works of Marx,Engels,Lenin and Stalin马，恩，列，斯著作 b.如果名词的定语较长，就只能用of词组来表示所有关系。Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?你知道站在大门旁的那个男孩的名字吗？4）“of+词组+所有格”（双重所有格）的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词（如:a,two,some,this,that,these,those等）时，常用“of+词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。a friend of my fathers=(one of my fathers friends)我父亲的一个朋友 a picture of his uncles 他叔叔的一张照片（他叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片。试比较：a picture of his uncle 他叔叔本人的一张照片。）that novel of her little brothers 她弟弟的那本小说,名词作定语,名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2)man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workerswomen teachers gentlemen officials,3)有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。如：goods train(货车)clothes brush衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan一个五年计划,1.名词前的修饰词：放在可数名词复数前的有：many(许多）,few（很少）,a few（一些）,放在不可数名词复数前的有:much(许多）,little（很少）,a little（一些）(可数、不可数前）都可放的词有：a lot of,lots of(许多）,some（一些）,2.有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼,3.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.the United States，the United Nations(联合国)应视为单数。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。,典型题例分析,例1 下列几组复数名词中，每组都有一个错词，请指出：,1 A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen,2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes,3.A.desks B.Americans C.friends D.breads,4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies,5.A.leaves B.knives C.rooves D.shelves,6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths D.fifths,返回,例2 判断下列文哪句译正确：多好的消息啊！A.What a good news it is!B.What good news it is!,例3 单项选择 What you need is more.Dont always do your at your desk.exercise;exercise B.exercises;exersises C.exercises;exercise D.exercise;exercises,例4 单项选择 All the teachers and students are having a party.A.women;girls B.women;girl C.woman;girls D.woman;girl,例5 改错 My trousers are too long,but hers is too short.,返回,例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：I dont think maths(be)easy.,例7 单项选择：Mabel gave me.A.two bread B.some breads C.a piece bread D.two pieces of bread,例8 改错：Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon?,例9 单项选择：mother is a worker.Mary and Mikes B.Marys and Mikes C.Marys ane Mike D.Mary and Mike,返回,例10 单项选择：1.After the exams,we shall have holiday.A.two months B.two-month C.a two month D.a two months 2.I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,oranges C.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan,but Guangzhou has become her second.A family B.home C.house D.country 4.Most Englist peoples family name comes A.first B.middle C.last D.together 5.There is a over the river.A.ship B.boat C.bridge D.village,例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper.,返回,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：,1The two girls are_(Japan).,2.The _(baby)are asleep.,3.Do you know the two _(man teacher)?,4.The(child)are washing their _(foot).,5.There are two _(people)and lots of(sheep)in the fields.,6.September 10 is(teacher)Day.,7.I think physics(be)more interesting than maths.,8.Dont you think the(radio)are too noisy?,9.Whose(knife)are these?,10.“Whose house is this?”“Its the _(Smith)”.,返回,单项选择：,1.This is _.A.Mike and Jims bike B.Mikes and Jim bikeC.Mikes and Jims bikeD.Mike and Jim bike,2.In time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.A.few years B.a few years C.a few year D.a few years,3.Granny is badly ill.We have to take her to the_.A.farm B.post office C.ship D.hospital,4.I have _ to tell you.A.a news B.many news C.a good piece of news D.many newses,5.Some _ are flying kites near the river.A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs,6.If anyone comes to see me,ask him to leave a _.A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice,7.They got much _ from those new books.A.ideas B.photos C.news D.stories,8.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller _.A.piece B.kind C.copy D.pair,9.A group of _ are talking with two _.A.Frenchmen,Germans B.Germans,Frenchmans C.Frenchmans,Germen D.Germen,Frenchmen,10.She had beautiful black but I could see some white.A.hair;hair B.hairs;hairs C.hair;hairs D.hairs;hair,返回,