2013国内外教槽料发展高峰论坛Walter_Tibbetts美国仔猪断奶前后营养配方理念__20130620.ppt

美国仔猪断奶前后营养配方理念Pre-wean and Post-wean Piglet Nutrition in the U.S.,G.Walter Tibbetts,PhDCape Fear 顾问有限责任公司 Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,Cape Fear 顾问有限责任公司 Cape Fear Consulting,LLC(CFC),创立于1996年1月1日Started January 1,1996美国第一家提供动物营养服务的“独立”顾问公司First major“independent”nutritional services company in the U.S.,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,营养支持 Nutritional Support,生产分析ProductionAnalysis,创新研发ResearchInnovation,目标 The Goal,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,母猪泌乳阶段对乳汁生产的影响Sow Milk Production by Stage of Lactation,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,表一 母猪泌乳阶段乳汁生产（公斤/天），干物质（克/公斤），蛋白（克/公斤）和能量（兆卡/公斤）浓度的影响,泌乳日龄对乳中氨基酸组成的影响Amino Acid Composition of Sow Milk by Day of Lactation,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,表二 泌乳阶段对乳中氨基酸组成（克/100克）的影响,母猪初乳和常乳中的核苷酸Nucleotides in Sow Colostrum and Milk,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,表三 泌乳不同阶段的母猪初乳和常乳中总固体粗蛋白（N 6.38）和5-单磷酸核苷酸的浓度,母猪乳中的氨基酸组成Amino Acid Composition of Sows Milk,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,表四 母猪乳汁和酶解酪蛋白基础日粮中的氨基酸组成,母猪乳汁中氨基酸的消化率Digestibility of Amino Acids in Sows Milk,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,图五 母猪乳汁中真可消化必需氨基酸的含量和比例（占赖氨酸的比例%）,问题：断奶后生长迟缓 The Problem:Post-Weaning Lag,断奶前，18-20日龄-日增重400g Pre-weaning,age 18-20-400 g ADG断奶后，21-24日龄，日增重100g Post-weaning,age 21-24 100 g ADG仔猪断奶后几乎要等3周其日增重才能达到400g Nearly 3 weeks before pigs achieve 400 g ADG,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,蛋白质和氨基酸 Proteins and Amino Acids,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,典型赖氨酸建议水平 Typical Lysine Recommendations,体重，kg 可利用赖氨酸 Pig weight,kg Available lysine NRC(SID)2-5-5-7 1.507-11 1.3511-25 1.23,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,SID=标准回肠可消化,仔猪主要氨基酸比例 Nursery Key Amino Acid Ratios,NRC CFC 对赖氨酸比例 建议比例 Ratio to lysine Suggested range%Met+Cys（蛋+胱）55 55-62Threonine（苏）58.5 58-65Tryptophan（色）16 15-22Valine（缬）63 63-70Isoleucine（异亮）51 52-60Leucine（亮）100,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,氨基酸组成示例Example Amino Acid Profiles,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,影响氨基酸需要量的因素 Factors Affecting Amino Acid Requirements,日龄 Age健康 Health均匀度 Uniformity管理 Management生产目的 Desired outcome,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,常用仔猪日粮蛋白原料 Common Nursery Protein Ingredients,美国的典型原料 Typical products in the U.S.乳蛋白 Milk proteins鱼粉 Fish meal血液制品（血浆和红血球）Blood products(plasma and red blood cells)大豆产品 Soybean productsDDGS品质的重要性 Importance of quality断奶后原料的用量变化 Ingredient progression from weaning限制/约束 Restrictions/limitations,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,其它的蛋白源 Additional Protein Sources,精制大豆产品 Refined soy products高蛋白豆粕 Increased soybean meal合成氨基酸 Synthetic amino acids玉米蛋白粉 Corn Gluten Meal 60%鸡肉产品 Poultry products 水解肠膜蛋白 Pork intestines hydrolyzed,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,用于制作混合蛋白粉的原料 Ingredients used to make Protein Blends,特殊的混合蛋白粉可能包括 Special blends may include:肉骨粉 Meat and bone products鸡肉粉 Poultry products血液制品 Blood products鸡蛋制品 Egg products奶酪 Cheese亚麻粕 Flax meal合成氨基酸 Synthetic amino acids,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,血浆的功能特性 Functional Properties of Plasma,帮助保护仔猪不受微生物侵害（抗体）Helps protect nursery pigs against bacterial challenges(antibodies)刺激早期饲料采食 Stimulates early feed intake促进早期增重和饲料转化 Contributes to early gain and feed conversion,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,饲喂不同水平喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉的仔猪生产性能（试验1）a Performance of pigs fed various levels of spray-dried porcine plasma(Exp.1)a,喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉 Spray-dried porcine plasma,%项目 Item0246810 CVDays 0 to 14 ADG,g b 165 206 217 240 247 255 13.64 ADFI,g bc 206 244 256 290 302 300 9.64 G/F 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.82 0.81 0.84 7.85Days 14 to 28 ADG,g d 428 453 407 430 406 408 6.81 ADFI,g 624 668 612 653 617 623 5.77 G/F 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 6.23_ a总共534头 断奶仔猪（初始体重6.4kg，21日龄），14或15头猪/栏，每个处理组6个重复 A total of 534 weanling pigs was used(initially 6.4 kg and 21 d of age),14 or 15 pigs/pen with 6 pigs/treatment.b喷雾干燥血清蛋白粉具有线性效应 Linear effect of spray-dried porcine plasma(P.01).c喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉具有二次效应 Quadratic effect of spray-dried porcine plasma(P.04).d喷雾干燥血清蛋白粉具有线性效应 Linear effect of spray-dried porcine plasma(P.03).e喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉具有二次效应 Quadratic effect of spray-dried porcine plasma(P.08).Kats et al.,1994.J.Anim.Sci.72:2075-2081,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,碳水化合物Carbohydrates,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,碳水化合物营养 Carbohydrate Nutrition,乳糖对于仔猪从断奶日粮过渡到谷物为基础的日粮非常重要 Lactose,or milk sugar,is important for the transition from weaning to grain-based diets可以部分用其它糖代替 May be partially replaced with other sugars随着断奶日龄的增加添加量降低 Inclusion rate decreases with age post-weaning通常在10-12公斤体重时转为谷物为基础的日粮 Transition to grain by 10-12 kg typically谷物对于降低成本和促进幼龄动物肠道的酶系统发育很重要 Cereal grains are important for cost considerations and enzyme development in the young animal玉米 Corn燕麦 Oats小麦 Wheat大麦 Barley大米 Rice制粒可以改善谷物的消化率 Pelleting can improve digestibility of grains谷物副产品 Cereal byproducts,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,典型乳糖建议添加量 Typical Lactose Recommendations,动物体重，kg 乳糖/总糖 Pig weight,kg Lactose/total sugars%3-5 20-28 5-7 18-20 6-10 8-15 8-15 4-8 13-25+0,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,乳糖使用考虑因素 Lactose considerations,仔猪断奶前是否给饲教槽或母猪日粮 Whether pigs have access to nursery or sow feed prior to weaning规模化猪场通常在仔猪17-24日龄断奶 Large systems typically wean between 17-24 days of age饲喂幼龄仔猪 Feeding the younger pigs当猪场实行17日龄断奶时，由于管理原因，也许会有一些仔猪在8-9日龄就断奶了 With 17-day weaning one expects a certain number of 8-9 day old pigs仔猪日龄越小，饲喂成本越高 Greater expense to the youngest pigs美国大概成本（美元）Approximate U.S.Cost(US$)乳糖 Lactose 1.76/kg乳清粉 Whey 1.29/kg无蛋白乳清 Whey permeate(dpw)0.88/kg脱脂奶粉 Non-fat dried milk 2.87/kg34%乳清浓缩蛋白 2.65/kg 34%whey protein concentrate,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,能量 Energy,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,脂肪和油脂 Fats and Oils,高浓度能量（卡路里）Concentrated energy(calories)长链脂肪酸不容易被仔猪断奶后早期阶段利用 Long chain fatty acids not easily utilized early post-weaning精选白色动物油脂 Choice white grease动/植物混合油 A/V blend大豆油 Soy oil短链脂肪酸通常比较昂贵 Short chain fatty acids typically expensive椰子油 Coconut oil棕榈油 Palm oil,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,治疗剂量氧化锌的作用 Role of Therapeutic levels of Zinc Oxide,氧化锌可以有效控制肠道微生物 ZnO is useful for controlling intestinal bacteria仔猪早期日粮通常含2500-3000ppm的锌（氧化锌形式），随后用量下降 Early diets usually contain 2500-3000 ppm Zn from ZnO then decrease其它日粮成分可能增加对氧化锌的需求 Other dietary components may increase the need for ZnO,断奶仔猪的其它添加剂Additional Additives for Nursery Feed,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,添加剂实例 Examples of Additives,螯合矿物元素 Chelated minerals酸化剂 Acidifiers益生元 Pre-biotics益生菌 Probiotics毒素吸附剂 Toxin binders香味剂和甜味剂 Flavors and Sweeteners消化酶/植酸酶 Enzymes/phytase精油 Essential oils维生素 C Vitamin C乳化剂 Emulsifiers,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,谢谢Thank You,Cape Fear Consulting,LLC,