浅谈小学英语词汇教学牛津小学英语4A竞赛试题.doc
浅谈小学英语词汇教学 我们都知道一口流利的英语离不开大量的词汇积累。由此可见,掌握一定数量的词汇是学好英语的基础。否则听、说、读、写、译都无法顺利进行。语言的学习是在不断practice和积累中发展起来的。单凭反复机械的操练只会降低学习者的热情,特别是小学生。俗话说得好:兴趣是最好的老师。在长期的教学实践中,我摸索出了一条如何使单词教学活泼、生动、富有趣味的路子,在此与大家共享。一、在歌谣与歌曲中学单词现今,英语单词教学法可谓是形式各样。其中“歌谣学习法”深厚广大学习者的喜爱,实践也证明了这种学法效果的优异。对于小孩子,唱唱跳跳是他们的天性。在单词教学中,我利用巧编歌谣,把新授词汇放在郎朗上口的说唱或歌谣中,让学生在有节奏的吟唱过程中,在轻松的气氛中进一步熟悉掌握新单词。还可以让学生根据老师的示范,通过小组讨论的方式自行创编。这样不但可以巩固知识。还可以培养学生的合作能力和创新思维能力。例如:在三年级的unit 3 how many 一课中我利用“Ten Little Candles Dance ” 歌谣来教1-10的数字,师示范:one little two little three little In-dians ,four little five little six little In-dians 等,并让学生自己编一编、哼一哼,大家唱的不亦乐乎,学的非常开心,也挺扎实。 而且我还发现,在最近的复习过程中,学生对此知识点掌握的特别好。 二、在顺口溜中学单词中国是诗歌的王国。中国人天生有着对诗歌琅琅上口的节奏感。小学英语非常注重知识的板块性,每一单元的单词都属于同一系列。这种编排对老师渗透新的语言知识点很有好处。在教学中,我尝试把每一单元的单词串联起来,编成一个顺口溜,便于学生记忆和朗读。如,教Animals时,我编的顺口溜是:猫儿cat爱吃鱼,猴儿monkey爱吃桃,小鸟bird天上飞,小狗dog地上跑,老虎tiger兽中王,熊猫panda是国宝,斑马zebra跑得快,大象elephant大力士。又如教学Colours时我自编的顺口溜是:红色red红旗摇,白色white白云飘,绿色green绿油油,蓝色blue天蓝蓝,黄色yellow黄香蕉,黑色black黑煤炭,橙色orange象橘子,棕色brown象咖啡。另外,我还把比较容易混淆的词组编成顺口溜。如:叮叮当,闹钟响,get up,get up快起床,背上书包go to school,see you,byebye 说再见,赶快回家go home,想要睡觉go to bed,道声晚安good night.三、在游戏中学单词 “ 游戏是儿童的天性”在游戏中获取知识是学生喜闻乐见的学习方式。游戏能唤起学生思维的积极性,引导学生的无意注意,变枯燥的教学内容为丰富的游戏活动,让学生积极主动的参与到课堂教学中来。常见的游戏有:听声音猜单词,看口型猜单词,看动作猜单词,Magic eyes , Magic ears , What s missing等等。在教学中,尤其是在巩固环节或检复环节,我经常带学生开展各种游戏。如在教完水果后,可把各种水果放入一个不透明的袋子中,一起玩“Touch and guess”的游戏,猜对者将把水果奖赏给他。在有水果奖赏的刺激下,学生的学习热情异常积极。几分钟游戏下来,学生既玩得开心,8种水果单词也已经扎根大脑了。又如,在教玩食物单词后,我故意摸着肚子说:“Today everyone has many delicious foods.Im very hungry.”通过体态语,学生也已明白老师此时的肚子很饿,纷纷举出自己的食品或饮料说:“Miss Han some cakes?”“An egg?”“A cup of coffee?”等,真诚的问候帮助学生巩固了新知识,也很好地交流和巩固了师生间的感情。四、在对比中学单词三年级学生在英语初学阶段,由于没有音标和单词的基础,他们对单词的记忆有很大的困难。因此,在教学中,我经常对比前后的单词,找出异同点,这样一来可降低学习的难度。如在学习but 时,在此之前学生已学过bus,通过对比,学生一下子就记住了“But how?”的句型。又如,在学习bookcase时,可结合book进行记忆。在小学英语中,pen, pencil, ball ,pencil ,sharpener就可通过对比来完成学习任务。总之,对比学单词不仅是老师的一种教学方法,更重要的是作为老师,要“授之以渔”,让学生掌握一种学习的方法,在他们今后漫长的英语学习道路上,让他们自觉地运用这种方法,汲取更多的知识营养。五、在直观实物中学单词 小学生的思维特点是以直观形象思维为主。直观化教学有助于学生把英语单词同实物或情景直接联系起来,增强语言的真实行,形象感,加深他们对词汇的感知和记忆。作为老师我们可以巧用实物和卡片而不是单纯的利用实物和卡片进行反复领读、跟读的练习,而是提倡“巧”用。例如:教panda时,我用了可爱的熊猫与大家对话:“Hello ! Im Panda”示范几次后请学会的学生接过熊猫说:“Hello ! Im Panda !”在传给举手要说的学生,在全班学生都听懂的基础上进行快传快说游戏。生词卡片也一样。六、在运动中学单词心理研究表明,眼、耳、口、手多种感官并用远比用单一的感官获取知识的能力要强。在学习英语的过程中,我也充分调动学生多种感官,努力使学生获取知识的水平达到最高。在运动中学单词是单词学习的一种很好的调味品。如在学完人体部位的单词后,我带着学生踏着范晓暄的健康歌的节拍一起做这样的运动:han hand抖抖你的hand、leg leg 踢踢你的leg、 arm arm,拍拍你的arm、feet feet 踩踩你的feet,健康的人快乐多。又如,在学完有关sport单词后,学生在Listen and do中共同做运动:jogging running walking jumping.以上的几种方法以不同形式将原本枯燥单调的单词生动的呈现出来,这样不仅很好的抓住了学生的好奇心,吸引了学生的注意力,激发了他们学习英语的热情,而且使其处在轻松愉快的氛围中学习,从而提高他们的学习效率。因此,我希望各位老师在了解了以上的几种方法后能给出你们宝贵的意见,从而让我能把它们不断的进行完善,使其为我们的英语教学更好的服务。牛津小学英语4A竞赛试题学校_班级_姓名_得分_Part 1 Listening(听力部分):30%一. Listen and circle(选择你所听到的单词或词组,将字母代号填入括号内):8%() 1. A. can B. cantC. count() 2. A. classmateB. classroomC. deskmate() 3. A. colour B. class C. clean() 4. A. rabbitB. rubberC. rubbish() 5. A. two packetsB. twelve packetsC. twenty packets() 6. A. blue hairB. black hairC. brown hair() 7. A. a nice nameB. a new nameC. a new game() 8. A. call her KallyB. call me KallyC. call him Danny二.Listen and choose(选择你所听到的句子,将字母代号填入括号内):8%() 1. A. Happy birthday, Dear Alice. Blow the candles, please. B. Happy New Year, Dear Alice. Blow the balloons, please.() 2. A. Dotty, Dotty, are you hungry or thirsty? B. Dotty, Dotty, are you hungry and thirsty?() 3. A. I can see some dolls in Lianhua Supermarket. B. I can see some balls in Hualian Supermarket.() 4. A. The small spider is on the branch. The branch is long. B. The small spider is on the stalk. The stalk is long.() 5. A. My telephone number is 68251473.B. My telephone number is 68524173.() 6. A. Erics nine years old today. Its his birthday. B. Winnies nine years old today. Its her birthday.() 7. A. Ten green frogs are on a little log.B. Two green frogs are on a big log.() 8. A. Whats that noise? Is that a radio?B. Whats that noise? Is that a lorry?三 根据听到的对话,填入所缺的单词。(10%)1This is you . Thank you .2. Im . Why dont you a hamburger ?3. What do you go to school? I go to school at .4. Whats this ? Its a .四 Listen and choose the best answer(听短文选择最佳答案,将字母代号填入括号内):4%() 1. It is _ in the morning.A. warmB. dryC.hot() 2. The children are _.A. at schoolB. in the zooC. in the park () 4. _ is under the tree.A. MaryB. Mr ZhangC. Miss Li() 5. Were all _.A. sadB. fatC. happyPart 2 Reading and Writing (阅读部分):70% 一.Look and write(根据图意,完成句子):10% (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)1. -What is he?-Hes a _.2. -_ walk on the grass.-Im sorry.3. - Look! Is the little boy happy?-No, hes very _.4. -Can the man _?-Yes, he can.5. This is an _. Its very bright(明亮的).二. Read and judge(找出划线部分与所给例词含有不同音素的单词,将字母代号填入括号内):4%() 1. drawA. driverB. treeC. dress() 2. cowA. nowB. howC. window() 3. cookA. schoolB. bookC. foot() 4. treeA. sheepB. elevenC. me三. Choose the best answer(选词填空,每词限用一次):24%A) 用am, is, are, have, has填空:1. -What _ I?-_ you a waitress?2. -I some bread for my mother.3. -Here some milk for you. I think ,youll like it!B) 用my, your, his, her, our填空:1. -The girl in red is happy. _ name is Alice.2. -Old MacDonald has five chicks on _ farm.3. -_ mother is a good nurse. I love her.4. -Today is _ birthday. Happy birthday to you!C) 用what, who, where, how many, how much填空:1. -_ is your T-shirt?-100 yuan.2. -_ dresses are there?-There are 100.3. -_ is a teacher?-Our father is.4. -_ does your brother do?-Hes a student.四、请你选择正确答案。(10%)( ) 1. Whats in your desk? . A. Its a copybook. B. Yes , its a copybook. C. No, it isnt.( ) 2. Whats the time, please? . A. This is five thirty. B. Its five thirty. C. At five thirty.( ) 3. Heres a new sweater _ you. Thank you. A. in B. to C. for( ) 4. Do you like ? No, I _. A. doll,do B.dolls, dont C. dolls , not( ) 5. Whats one and one?. _. A. Eleven B. Ten C. Two( ) 6. She _ so funny. A. looks B. look C. looking( ) 7. My coat is very _, but I like it. A. nice B. short C. pretty( ) 8. Its nine. Go to bed, David. All right._, Mum. A. Good night B. Good morning C. Good evening( ) 9. I go home _ the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on ( ) 10. Im tired. _. A.Heres some water. B.Sit down, please. C. Have a hot dog , please. 五、情景应答。(10%)( )1.Im tired . A. Its Wang Lings .( )2.Whats the matter ? B. At eight .( )3.Whose sweater is this ? C. Sure.Here you are .( )4.What time do you go to bed ? D. No,I dont . I like dolls .( )5.Do you like kites ? E. Its in the desk .( )6.May I have a toy tiger? F. Sorry , Miss Li .( )7.Whats that in English? G. Its one ten.( )8.Wheres your dog ? H. Its a lion.( )9.Dont draw on your desk. I. Why dont you go to bed ?( )10.Whats the time ? J. Im cold. 六. Reading comprehension(阅读理解):8% 一Read and judge (阅读短文判断,用“T”表示符合短文,用“F”表示不符合短文):The boys and girls are playing in the park. The girls are singing and dancing under a big tree. The boys are playing football near the big tree. There are many flowers and trees in the park. The flowers are colourful(五颜六色). Theyre beautiful. The trees are green. Theyre big and strong. There is a woman there. She has a red dress and a pair of white shoes. Who is she? Oh, shes Miss Wang, the childrens teacher. She is looking at the girls. She has a smiling face(笑脸). All the people are having a good time.( )1. The girls are singing and dancing in the park.( )2. Mr. Wang has a pair of white shoe.( )3. The trees are strong, but they are small.( )4. The children and their teacher are very happy.二Read and choose the best answer(阅读短文,选择最佳答案): Hello, I am Tom White. Im a pupil of Garden School. I have got two black pencils. They arent long. They are in my hand. Now I am in the classroom. My classroom number is 315. This is Miss Green. Shes my English teacher. Shes got a pair of glasses on her nose. Shes in the classroom, too. That is Miss Wang. She is a Chinese teacher. She is short, but she is nice. Now shes in the school garden. We love our teachers and they love us, too.( ) 1. _ is a Chinese teacher A. Tom White B. Miss Wang C. Miss Wang( ) 2. Toms pencils are _. A. short B. not black C. in the pencil box( ) 3. The pair of glasses is _. A. Tom Whites B. Miss Greens C. Miss Wangs ( ) 4. Miss Green and Tom are _. A. in Classroom 215 B. in the school garden C. in Classroom 315七. Write some sentences(写话项目):4% 根据下面的提示写几句话(至少4句):说说你的一位朋友_小学英语语法讲解与归纳一般过去时一意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,二构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent) 带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化 肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句: 主语+ didnt + 动词原形. I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳一般现在时一. 意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。 肯定句: 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。a.当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如:We often play basketball after school.否定句:主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如:we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如: What do you often do after school ?b.当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well.否定句:主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如:Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如: How does your father go to work?三第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runsgetslikescolletstakesplaysclimbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :watchesteachesgoes doeswashes crossesmixesbrushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarriescrycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buyssays 四时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳现在进行时一意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 二构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)Im doing my homework now .否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成: (1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing, 如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting runningbeginningstopping swimming shoppingjogging sitting gettingforgettingletting四.时间标志now,句前的look ,listen小学英语语法讲解与归纳一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿A. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过?5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go , come 等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.B. will /shall +动词原形 (在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall ,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please