浅谈农村小学英语的情境教学.doc
浅谈农村小学英语的情境教学情境与情景同义,现代汉语词典释为具体场合的情形,景象或境地.从概念中可以看出,无论是什么情形,景象或境地,都必须是具体的,具体可感性是情境的特质.心理学认为,情境是对人的直接刺激作用,有一定的生物学意义和社会学意义的具体环境.最早在教育学意义上运用"情境"一词的是美国哲学家杜威,他提出"思维起于直接经验的情境",并把情境列为教学法的首要因素,可以说这是国外情景教学理论的萌芽.他认为,教学过程必须创设情境,依据教学情境确立目的,制定教学计划,利用教学情境引起学生的学习动机,实施教学计划和评价教学成果.杜威提出了"从做中学" 的基本原则,他认为,"从做中学"也就是"从活动中学","从经验中学".由于学生能从那些真正有教育意义和有兴趣的活动中进行学习,那就有助于学生的生长和发展.虽说目前对情境教学的概念还没有统一的说法,但对情境教学思想内涵的认识是统一的.笔者认为英语情境教学,就是指在英语教学过程中为了达到既定的教学目的,从教学需要出发,引入,创设或制造与英语教学内容相适应的具体场景或氛围,从而激发学生的学习热情,引发学生的情感体验,帮助学生在愉快的教学氛围中迅速而准确的接受新的英语知识,同时促使学生的心理机能和谐全面发展,达到在情境中获得知识,培养能力,发展智力的一种教学方式.儿童教育心理学研究和人们教育教学经验都表明,小学生的年龄特点是好奇心强、模仿性强、生性好动,有意注意持续时间相对较短。英语不像母语那样有着广泛而丰富的语言情境和交流机会,对于师资力量困乏、设备相对滞后,信息较为闭塞的农村小学生来说 ,学起来就更加困难了。所以最大限度的利用现有条件进行合适的,可行的小 “情境教学”,可以让学生在形式多变、生动具体的教学中,始终处于兴奋、活跃的状态,对于激发学生喜爱学习英语的兴趣,提高课堂的教学效果,获得语言能力和发展智力都具有十分重要的作用。现结合自己的教学实践,从以下几个方面,谈谈对小学英语情境教学的认识。 一、打造全英试课堂,营造交流氛围。 语言是在一定环境下使用的交际上具。农村英语教学,主要是在课堂进行,教师如何创造英语环境显得尤为重要。我一直坚持用英语组织五、六年级的学生在全英式的环境里上课。下面是我常用的教学用语如:Today we are going to learn how to write a postcard. It's time to start now. Open your books at page 2. Let's listen to the tape now. Please read after me. Who can read it ?lets read/recite the text together . Could you please speak loudly? Could you please stop talking? OK, stop here, please. Close your books, lets sing a song. Lets play a game. Now close your books. The game is over. Shall we begin ? Who can help answer this question? Can you give her/him a hand? Which is better, or ? Is it correct? Are you clear? 根据学生读书、回答的完善程度,我会分别说Good/Very good/Wonderful/Excellent等等来激发他们的学习热情,提高学习兴趣。教师说这些话时,不必担心学生听不懂而影响教学进程,可用明显的体态语言,必要时用中文翻译,使学生明白。二、借助实物或多媒体手段,制造半真实语言环境。比如在教See a doctor这课时,我从村医哪儿借来听诊器、白大褂,自己先扮演医生,接着再让学生分别扮演医生和病人,学生的参与热情空前高涨。在讲What are you doing?时先用电脑播放了一首歌曲What are you doing?然后让学生观看课件里的图片,先说单词再做动作。模仿尽量让学生多听录音机里的标准语音并跟读,多教英语歌曲,多看与教材配套的教学碟片,学生就会有和外国人对话一样身临其境的感觉。使严肃的课堂变成了生动活泼的英语交际场所。这样,给学生增添了无穷的情趣,让他们在愉快的氛围中,在英语的环境中学习英语、掌握英语。 二、采用灵活的教学方法 小学生正处于多变时期,他们好玩、好动、好胜,而且好奇心强。教师要从学生的心理角度出发,采用灵活多样的教学方法,调动学习积极性,丰富课堂内容,提高效率。教学中,我主要运用以下几种方法。 1.用音乐渲染情境 教育心理学家认为可以把学生对某一事物的兴趣迁移到某学科上来,这样便能把学习变成一种乐趣。音乐是最能直接感动人的艺术,而爱唱歌又是孩子们的天性。在教学中着手用音乐欣赏,学唱外语歌来给学生以美的熏陶,激发学生学习英语的兴趣。例如在讲“What time is it ?”这一单元时,准备了一首在钟表店里的曲子。这段音乐有闹钟“滴答滴答”的声音,有时钟“当、当”报时的声音,学生很快被这首优美的曲子吸引住了,听得十分投入,音乐放完仍意犹未尽。在新课的教学中,虽然学生从未接触过有关内容,我对知识也未作更多的解释,但由于音乐的渲染,学生仍很容易地接受了新学的内容。 2.用表演带动学生 学生在课堂上学到的是活生生的交际语言,在实际教学中,我利用表演训练学生的交际能力。即模拟实际生活场景,让学生以角色的身份来说话,实际上这也是一种交际。表演激起了学生的表现欲和参与意识,无论是表演者还是观众,都在不知不觉中进入了角色。学生的学习积极性被充分调动起来,变被动学习为主动获得。它还可以发挥学生的想象力,训练学生在头脑中将英文中一词与相应的图卡联系起来,从而增强分辨、记忆单词的能力。例如,在学习hot,cold,rainy,windy等表示天气情况的单词的同时,引导学生用简单的动作来表示单词的意思。如戴草帽或摇扇子表示hot,打伞或穿雨衣表示rainy,头戴纱巾或树枝摇摆表示windy,戴墨镜表示sunny,打雨伞、摇扇子表示rainy and hot等。 3.用图画加深记忆 儿童是通过形象认识世界的,由于图画具备了直观、形象、具体等特点,所以,教师要根据情景需要选择最佳形式。在英语课堂教学中它能使所教单词形象、直观、更富有实感。如我在教学中会运用图画来创设情境。首先,运用多媒体课件出示公园的情境,然后引出以下内容: tiger(老虎), lion(狮子), bear(熊), zebra(斑马),giraffe(长颈鹿)。再通过图画演示,以及教师的语言诱导,一个完美的情境展示在学生面前。又如在教单词:smile,girl,boy,dog等词时,分别在黑板上画简笔画,这样学生们以图对单词,既形象又有趣,记得就牢,同时还可以用此简笔画展开对话。 4.用游戏活跃课堂 游戏教学是“寓教于乐”的具体体现。在课堂教学中精心设计游戏,能使课堂气氛活跃,有新鲜感,学生能在畅快的笑声中,兴味盎然地吸取新的知识,而且印象较深。如:在教字母时,让学生做了一个找朋友的游戏。在课前我将26个字母的大小写,分别用卡片写好。一组同学拿小写字母卡,一组同学拿大写字母卡。然后让持小写字母卡的学生去找持有大写字母卡的同学做朋友,最后老师宣布获胜小组并加以表扬。学生的学习热情空前高涨,效果很好。 三、开展丰富的课外活动 苏霍姆林斯基说过:“兴趣的源泉在于运用。”为了增强学生学习英语的兴趣,给学生更多的运用英语进行交际的机会,教师可以设计和组织多种难易适度的课外活动。通过活动可以让学生把所学知识运用于实际,使学生认识了自我,取得了不同程度的成就感,增强其自信心,增添了学生学习英语的兴趣和乐趣,变“要我学”为“我要学”,进而长久保持其对英语学习的兴趣。 教师可以经常性地编辑英语学习园地及英语手抄报,解决疑难问题、分析常见错误、组织英美风情知识讲 座等,还可适当刊登一些游戏方法、英语小诗歌、谜语、典故、趣闻、学生日记等;可以成立英语兴趣活动小组;结合实际地组织英语竞赛,如英文书写竞赛、朗诵比赛、单词听写竞赛、单词接龙比赛、智力比赛等。让学生在此活动中互相帮助,互相感染,进而共同提高水平,长久保持学习英语的兴趣。 总之,英语学习,情趣为先。小学生学习英语的情趣高低,在很大程度上决定了他们对这门语言掌握熟练的程度。很难想象失去了兴趣还能怎样培养交际能力。所以,作为英语教师,一方面要向学生传授语言知识并使他们掌握技能,另一方面更要注意把握好英语教学的情趣,只有真正做到以逼真的情境,充分调动学生的兴趣,方能获得事半功倍的效果。转贴于 热小学六年级英语常用课堂用语教案 Some Useful Functions Presenting 1Pandas are one of the unique animals in China. 2This story is about a little girl who got lost in the forest. 3Ive something new for you. 4You spell “insects” like this. 5This is a rhyme about insects. 6Heres a picture about the sports. 7This is a song about 。. Giving instructions. 1. Open your books. 2. Look at the blackboards. 3. Come to the front. 4. Could you please stand up? 5. Listen to the tape. 6. May I have your attention? 7. Listen carefully. 8. Turn to Page 55, class. 9. Go back to your seat, please. 10. Could you please speak loudly? 11. Be quiet, please. 12. Hands up. 13. Could you please stop talking? 14. Silence, please. Signaling 1. Were going to learn. 2. Next, well. 3. OK, stop here, please. 4. Lets stop doing that. 5. Times up. 6. Close your books, lets sing a song. 7. Homework for today. 8. So much for the drills, well 9. Lets play a game. Now close your books. 10. Today we are going to have a competition. 11. Now, were going to learn some 12. Now, close your books, lets play a game. 13. The game is over. Shall we begin ? 14. Lets have a rest, then 15. Lets read it together. 16. Sit down, please. 17. Hand in Elicting 1. Why do you think it is right? 2. Whats wrong? 3. , can you ask what is the answer? 4. Who can help answer this question? 5. Can you give her/him a hand? 6. Which is better, or ? 7. Is it correct? 8. Are you clear? 9. If I say, this is all your fowl (am I) is that right? 10.That is to say you want to 11.Try to help each other. Responding 1. Why did you give me this answer? 2. Can you say it again? 3. I beg your pardon? 4. Would you please say it again (repeat that)? 5. I didnt (couldnt) catch what you said. 6. Would you please explain that farther? 7. What do you think about it? 8. Oh, you went to the park. Which park? 9. You like winter best, why? 10. That means youre made , am I right? 11. Im sorry, I cant hear you clearly, could you please say it again? 12. Pardon? 13. You said you hadnt gone, right? Why? May I have your attention? Turn to Page 55, class. Could you please speak loudly? Could you please stop talking? 14. Silence, please. Were going to learn. Lets play a game. Now close your books. 10. Today we are going to have a competition. Who can help answer this question? 5. Can you give her/him a hand? 8. Are you clear? 9. If I say, this is all your fowl (am I) is that right? 10.That is to say you want to 11.Try to help each other. Responding 1. Why did you give me this answer? 2. Can you say it again? 3. I beg your pardon? 4. Would you please say it again (repeat that)? 5. I didnt (couldnt) catch what you said. 6. Would you please explain that farther? 7. What do you think about it? 8. Oh, you went to the park. Which park? 9. You like winter best, why? 10. That means youre made , am I right? 11. Im sorry, I cant hear you clearly, could you please say it again? 12. Pardon? 13. You said you hadnt gone, right? Why? 2. Well done! 3. Excellent. 4. That was a really good try. 5. Youre nearly right. 6. Thats almost the answer. 7. Good on you for trying. 8. Clever you! 9. Lucky you! 10. Super! 11. A good question. 12. Great! 13. Wonderful. 14. (Very) Good. 15. Thats right. 16. How clever! 17. Amazing! 18. Quite good. 19. Such a lovely girl! 20. Good job. 21. Very nice. 22. Youve done a good job. 23. Sounds good. Providing feedback 1. Fantastic! 2. Well done! 3. Excellent. 4. That was a really good try. 5. Youre nearly right. 6. Thats almost the answer. 7. Good on you for trying. 8. Clever you! 9. Lucky you! 10. Super! 11. A good question. 12. Great! 13. Wonderful. 14. (Very) Good. 15. Thats right. 16. How clever! 17. Amazing! 18. Quite good. 19. Such a lovely girl! 20. Good job. 21. Very nice. 22. Youve done a good job. 23. Sounds good. 24. Youre smart. 25. What a cute idea! 26. A clever answer. 27. Perfect!