英语基本句型.ppt.ppt

英语基本句型,1、SVC：主语联系动词(link verb)表语/主（语）补（足）语2、SV：主语不及物动词（vi）3、SVO：主语及物动词(vt)宾语4、SVOO：主语及物动词(vt)间接宾语直接宾语5、SVOC：主语及物动词(vt)宾语宾（语）补（足）语,一、SVC：主语联系动词(link verb)表语/主（语）补（足）语,1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)2.Gradually he became silent.(形容词做表语)3.She remained standing for an hour.(现在分词做表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)6.The television was on.(副词做表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句),注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语/补语(C)，后面常常接不定式结构。,Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.,二、SV：主语不及物动词（vi）,在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词（vi）和不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语(A)修饰。1.The sun is rising.2.Ill try.3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。1.The book sells well.2.The window wont shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.,三、SVO：主语及物动词(vt)宾语,1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)2.I cant express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We cant afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)6.I hope(that)I have said nothing to pain you and that.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。,四、SVOO：主语及物动词(vt)间接宾语直接宾语,在此句型中，间接宾语一般表人，直接宾语一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk song for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。5.Tell him(that)Im out.6.Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？,五、SVOC：主语及物动词(vt)宾语宾（语）补（足）语,1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)2.They called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)4.We went to her house but found her out.(副词做宾补)5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(to be做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补),注意：,在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。2.I think it best that you should stay with us.分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。,注意：,1.习惯用语的使用在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。例：We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语),2.在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。,例：askDid you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)She asked them their names.(接双宾语)I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)Didnt you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for),3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有”,谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。There used to be a cinema here.There seems to be something/the matter with her.Is there going to be any activity tonight？,there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变反义疑问句也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.There came a knock at the door.At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：You wouldnt want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)There being nothing else to do，we went home.(独立主格结构),巩固性练习：,请判断下列句子的结构类型1.He is running.2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.4.She seemed angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？7.Will you tell us an exciting story？8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open？,答案,1.主语-动词2.主语-动词-宾语-补语3.主语-动词-宾语-宾语4.主语-动词-表语5.主语-动词-宾语-宾语6.主语-动词-宾语-宾语7.主语-动词-宾语-补语8.主语-动词-宾语-补语9.主语-动词-宾语-补语10.主语-动词-宾语-补语,