托福阅读过目不忘小技巧.doc

托福阅读过目不忘小技巧 很多同学在阅读过程中会出现的一个问题就是：读了后文就忘了前文，读完整篇*头脑一片空白，可能只抓住了几个零星的点或者有趣的细节。下面就和大家分享托福阅读过目不忘小技巧，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读过目不忘小技巧首先，为什么会发生这种情况?其一是*充满了生词、理不清头绪的长难句以及错综复杂的概念，学生在读到这样*时会越读越晕，就更谈不上清晰的理解了。之所以会出现这种情况，除了我们的基础(词汇和语法)不过关之外，还在于我们平时不管在中文还是英文阅读中都已经习惯了简单阅读，更喜欢以观看图像、视频的方式来认识世界。这样的阅读习惯就像喝稀饭，不用咀嚼就可以吃饱，但久而久之肯定会弱化我们的肠胃功能和消化能力。所以我们在进行长篇阅读遇到错综复杂的知识信息时会觉得非常困难。其二，我们的阅读速度太快。因为考场时间有限，而*又这么长，所以很多同学在阅读时不自觉地就加快了速度，但是很骨干的现实是，往往这些同学的理解能力跟不上眼球移动的速度，所以阅读变成了并没有过脑的眼睛的物理运动。试问这样的阅读，即便能够做到一目十行，又有什么意义呢?那么，我们如何进行有效阅读呢?针对以上两个问题：第一，首要任务肯定是积累词汇，对阅读过程中遇到的长难句进行分析。同时，扩大阅读素材，比如可以读外国报纸、BBC网页等。第二，适当放慢阅读速度。比如，开始阶段，我们读每篇*的时间可以放宽到30甚至40分钟，做后面的题目，不对照答案。然后第二遍再精读*：掌握*中所有生词，每句话都对照翻译读懂。之后再来做后面的题目，检验自己是否完全读懂了*，对照两次答案。在精读*时，还要注意的一个问题就是理清句间关系，因为有些细节题、推断题以及所以句子插入题都会考察句子之间的逻辑关系。此外，除了基础积累和精读之外，建议大家在阅读完一个段落之后要概括段落大意，可以通过写每段段落大意，最终形成有关这篇*的框架结构来加强对*的理解和记忆，同时也能减小记忆量。对*整体架构的掌握有助于我们做最后的段落小结题。在托福阅读中，学生必须训练出对句子和段落功能的本能反应，这种宏观思维方式有助于各位考生应对入学海外院校之后海量的阅读任务。托福阅读高分素材之咖啡背后的故事咖啡的起源Coffee is a brewed beverage prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of "coffee cherries" that grow on trees in over 70 countries. It has been said that green coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world behind crude oil.Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans. Today, coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide.咖啡是由咖啡豆(通常称为咖啡豆)制成的酿造的饮料。它们是在70多个国家的树上种植的“咖啡樱桃”的种子。据说，绿咖啡是世界上第二大的原油商品。由于咖啡因含量，咖啡对人体有刺激作用。今天，咖啡是全球最受欢迎的饮料之一。It is thought that the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant was first recognized in the south west of Ethiopia, and the cultivation of coffee expanded in the Arab world.The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi monasteries of the Yemen in southern Arabia. From the Muslim world, coffee spread to Italy, then to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.据认为，咖啡豆植物的激励作用首先在埃塞俄比亚西南部得到承认，咖啡种植在阿拉伯世界扩大。最早的可信的咖啡饮料证据出现在十五世纪中叶，阿拉伯南部也门的苏菲修道院。从穆斯林世界，咖啡蔓延到意大利，然后传播到欧洲其他国家，到印度尼西亚和美洲。Coffee is an important export commodity. In 2004, coffee was the top agricultural export for 12 countries, and in 2005, it was the worlds seventh-largest legal agricultural export by value.咖啡在整个历史上的许多社会中发挥了重要作用。在非洲和也门，它被用于宗教仪式。因此，埃塞俄比亚教会禁止其世俗消费，直到埃塞俄比亚的Menelik二世统治。由于政治原因，17世纪土耳其土耳其土耳其被禁止，并与欧洲的叛逆政治活动有关。托福阅读真题原题+题目During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. Combines were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainlydiscuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word crucial in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase avail themselves in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4. According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate7. The word they in line 19 refers to(A) grain stalks(B) threshing machines(C) steam engines(D) horses8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own9. The word ponderous in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) heavy(C) complex(D) rapidPASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB托福