香港水污染PPT.ppt

Water pollution in Hong Kong,Causes of water pollution in Hong KongConsequences of water pollutionSolution(policy)Conclusion,Introduction,Water pollution can be invisible to the naked eyepollutants can make swimmers sick,contaminant kill marine lifepollutants come from human and industrial sources and livestock farmsEPD(Environmental Protection Department)is working hard to retain the unspoiled clean water in remote areas.,Introduction,Multiplicity of sourcesThere are many sources of water pollution,including anthropogenic(household,commercial,industrial,farming,etc.)and natural sources.Sea dumping activity can also lead to water pollution.,Causes of water pollution in Hong Kong,Lack of infrastructureIllegal dischargeLandfilling,Causes of water pollution in Hong Kong,Lack of infrastructureSewage from Hong Kong lacks treatment facilities.In the past,only 34%of Hong Kongs urban sewage receives primary treatment or better.In countryside,only septic tanks are provided.There is no sewage provision for villages and squatters.,Causes of water pollution in Hong Kong,Illegal discharge Illegal connections of waste water pipes to storm-water pipes=the waste water will be discharged directly into sea without treatment untreated livestock waste to watercourses,Causes of water pollution in Hong Kong,LandfillingSolid waste accumulate Chemical release from the solid waste e.g ammonia Contaminate underground waterDirectly discharge to sea water,Consequences of water pollution,Economic lossesEcosystem disruptionHealth impacts,Consequences of water pollution,Economic lossesInstant death of aquatic life that may be of high economic value by the pollutantsFewer light penetrating into the water=reduce the rate of photosynthesis of plants in water=reduce amount of food resources for aquatic life in higher trophic level.=as a result,fish productivity reduce.Besides,large amount of money is needed to correct the damage on the environment by the pollutants,Consequences of water pollution,Economic losseslarge amount of money is needed to minimize the damage on the environment by the pollutants.e.g sewage treatment plantThe polluted Victoria Harbour bring negative impact to HKs tourism industry,Consequences of water pollution,Ecosystem disruption As water bodies are polluted,many habitats of aquatic life are damaged and disturbed.Not only organisms living in the polluted habitats,but also the whole ecosystem would be affected.,Consequences of water pollution,Health impactsDrinking water containing pollutantsVirus such as E.coli and other pathogens in water would cause illnesses in humanConsumption of seafood accumulated with pollutants,e.g.heavy metals Unpleasant odour,Solution,Harbour Area Treatment Scheme HATS Stage1,2Process of Sewage Treatment Legislation and Water Pollution PolicyWater Quality Management in HKFoul water discharge policy,Project Objectives,To improve the water quality of rivers,streams and marineTo identify the legislation implements on water quality control in Hong KongTo ensure the effluent of polluted water has been treated according to legislationTo investigate the peoples idea and willingness to pay against the policyTo review the foul water discharge policy,History of Sewage Treatment in Hong Kong,1956-Commissioning of the first full scale sewage treatment plant in Anchor street.1974-Commissioning of the Shek Wu Hui sewage treatment plant to identify the secondary sewage treatment method.1979-Commissioning of the 1 st secondary sewage treatment plant in Tai Po.1982-Commissioning of the largest secondary sewage treatment plant in Sha Tin.1989-Establishment of Drainage Services Department(DSD).1991-Construction of the Stanly sewage treatment plant which is the 1 st underground sewage treatment in asia.1991-Commissioning of the Tolo Harbour sewage export scheme.1994-Construction of the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme(SSDS),stage 1.1997-Commissioning of Stonecutter Island Sewage Treatment Works.2000-Commissioning of the 1 st UV disinfection system in Shek Wu Hui sewage treatment plant.2001-Pilot plant of advance treatment plant for Stonecutter Island sewage treatment Works.2003 Harbour Area Treatment Scheme(HATS).,Harbour Area Treatment Scheme HATS Stage1,2,HATS Stage1-Deep Tunnel Sewage Conveyance Network,HATS Stage1 includes the construction of a 23.6 km long deep tunnel conveyance system to convey sewage collected from the northeastern areas of Hong Kong Island and the whole urban area of Kowloon to Stonecutters Island,HATS Stage2-Deep Tunnel Sewage Conveyance Network,Harbour Area Treatment Scheme(HATS)Stage1,Aerial View of Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Work Construction of the Stage1 deep tunnel conveyance systemstarted in January 1995 and the whole system was completedand commissioned in December 2001,Process of Sewage Treatment,Process of Sewage Treatment,Preliminary Treatment(Screening)-includes screening and removal of grit.Solids larger than 6 mm in diameter are removed from the sewage.Primary Treatment-includes screening,removal of grit and a primary sedimentation process.Solid waste and settleable suspended solids are removed from the sewage.Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment-chemicals are added during the treatment process to enhance the removal of suspended solids and the biochemical oxygen demand Secondary Treatment-the sewage is purified by means of a biological treatment process after the primary treatment has been completed.The organic matter in the settled sewage is decomposed by micro-organisms in the biological treatment process.,Process of Sewage Treatment,Preliminary Treatment(Screening),Primary Treatment,Secondary Treatment,Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment,Legislation and Government Structure for Water Quality Management,Legislation,Purposes:to safeguard public health to protect the fabric of the sewage collection and disposal systems to reduce the harm to the environment especially to the harbour,implement controls on wastewater discharges,Government structure for water quality management,Government structure for water quality management,The Water Pollution Control Ordinance(Chapter 358),Provides the main statutory framework for the declaration of water control zones to cover the whole of Hong Kong Establishment of water quality objectives,To promote the conservation and best use of the water of Hong Kong in the public interest,The Waste Disposal Ordinance,an overall framework for managing the collection and disposal of wastethe government prepare,publish a waste disposal plan and conduct public consultation,Strengthens control over the trans-boundary movement of hazardous and other wastes in line with international standards,Water Quality Management in HK,Foul water discharge policy in HKWater Quality Control:Sewage Treatment,In Hong Kong,sixteen Sewerage Master Plan Studies have been undertaken by Environmental Protection Department to cover all of Hong KongTolo Harbour Catchment Study on Unsewered DevelopmentWithin each water control zone,all discharges or deposits are controlled by a licensing system Sewerage Master PlansDivided into 16 zones to upgrade and improve the treatment facilities and water quality control.,Sewerage Master Plan Study,16 Sewerage Master Plan Studies have been undertakenby Environmental Protection Department to cover all of Hong Kong,1-East Kowloon Sewerage Master Plan Study2-Hong Kong Island South Sewerage Master Plan Study 3-Tolo Harbour Catchment Study on Unsewered Development4-Tsuen Wan,Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi Sewerage Master Plan Study5-North West Kowloon Sewerage Master Plan Study6-Port Shelter Sewerage Master Plan Study7-Central,Western and Wan Chai West Sewerage Master Plan Study8-Yuen Long and Kam Tin Sewerage Master Plan Study9-North and South Kowloon Sewerage Master Plan Study10-Chai Wan and Shau Kei Wan Sewerage Master Plan Study11-Tuen Mun Sewerage Master Plan Study12-Wan Chai East and North Point Sewerage Master Plan Study13-North District Sewerage Master Plan Study14-Aberdeen,Ap Lei Chau and Pok Fu Lam Sewerage Master Plan Study15-Outlying Islands Sewerage Master Plan Study16-Tseung Kwan O Sewerage Master Plan Study.,Hong Kong,Foul water discharge policy in HK Separated Sewage System,18-04-06,Water quality in the Harbour is improving.Water in the eastern Harbour improved by 90%,in terms of bacteria content,with the full commissioning of Stage 1 of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme in December 2001.,Water Treatment in Beijing,Water Treatment In Beijing,Main Equipment:CASS TankSimple DesignLow level of technical requirementCompared with HK design:No Sedimentation Tank&Sludge Tank,Design in HK,Discharging Water Quality,Water Treatment Plant,Reasons of water pollution,Industrial and domestic waste water directly discharge into the sea without treatmentInsufficient government control over the discharge of the waste water and the standard of the waste water discharge is too soft,Information of water pollution,Overall,the components of waste water in Beijing mainly consists of the nitric acid,chloride,etcFrom the survey found,only 63%underground water can be directly used and the remaining have to be pretreated before use70 millions citizens in China are still using the polluted water.,Water treatment,90%of the water in the China used the CASS for the treatment of the polluted waterIt is a kind of method using the biological treatment,Development of the polluted water treatment,Omittion of some components:nitrogen,phosphorus is the difficult part.Industrial waste water starts using the complete control treatmentthere is the trend of the water pretreatment from individual treatment to combined treatmentThe standard of water control becomes more stringent.,