智能温度巡测仪.doc

xx大学xx学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 智能温度巡测仪 系 专业学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： （职称： ） （职称： ）xxxx年x月xx日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）原文及外文资料翻译三、学生“毕业设计（论文）计划、进度、检察及落实表”四、学生教学实习实训记录xx大学xx学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 智能温度巡测仪 系 专业学 号： 学生姓名： 指导教师： （职称： ） （职称： ）xxxx年x月xx日课题来源本课题来源于工程。应用这种仪器适用于工业生产中对温度的监控和检测。仪器采用热电偶将测试点和该点的温度直观的显示出来。智能温度巡测仪在工程应用中具有广泛的应用前景，因此对它的研究具有现实意义。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）发电机的线圈温度需要检测，以保证发电机的正常运行。热电偶测温元件可以解决这一问题。将现场的热电偶测温元件接到仪表端子。该仪器对测试点进行计算并显示温度值。研究内容本课题要求设计一个智能温度巡测仪。具体要求如下（1）了解热电偶测温的原理。 （2）热电偶具有冷端补偿功能。有上下限报警，每路报警值分别设置，每路带报警记忆提示，报警触点输出。 （3）完成巡测仪的软、硬件设计。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析设计智能温度巡测仪，关键是了解热电偶的测温原理和工作过程，并对其功能进行合理的运用。通过运用单片机知识，设定上下线报警，报警触电输出。使其具有反应快、检测点显示精确等优点。通过对已经学习的各种知识的融会贯通以及Protel99等工具的合理运用，完成巡测仪的软，硬件设计。该方案具有安装方便、数字化程度高、精度高、适应性强等特点，在多种温度检测中具有广阔的应用前景。研究计划及预期成果2009年10月12日- 12月25日 查找资料，完成毕业设计开题报告2010年1月11日-3月5日 完成毕业实习任务2010年3月8日-3月14日 掌握设计中AT89C51数据模块的用法及数据传输网的相关知识2010年3月15日-3月21日 知道了AT89C51模块在本系统中的作用2010年3月22日-3月28日 了解AT89C51协议2010年3月29日-4月4日 了解数据采集模块2010年4月5日-4月11日 绘制系统原理图2010年4月12日4月18日 原理图交老师检查，自己再进行修改2010年4月19日-4月25日 完成软件相关程序设计2010年4月26日-5月2日 完成论文初稿，交老师检查2010年5月3日-5月9日 对初稿进行修改2010年5月10日-5月16日 再次进行修改2010年5月17日-5月21日 上交正式论文及软件，进行毕业论文答辩特色或创新之处本设计涉及传感器与检测技术、模拟电路、数字电路、电路原理等相关知识，它有数字温度显示、检测点显示、自动巡测等功能，具有反应快、检测点显示精确等优点，同时还具有线性好、性能高、价格低、抗干扰能力强等特点。因此在许多领域具有广泛的应用价值。 已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题已学过微机原理、单片机两门与本课题相关的课程。在电路图设计和汇编语言方面有较好基础。有过单片机课程设计的经验，并会使用Protel99制作电路图。需要解决的问题是对热电偶的冷端补偿功能和测温原理还不熟悉，需要进一步查阅资料。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Sensor development of new technologiesSensor can be a physical, chemical, biomass and other devices into electrical signals. Output signal has different forms, such as voltage, current, frequency, pulse, etc., to meet the information transmission, processing, recording, display and control requirements, is the automatic detection system and automatic control systems are indispensable components. If the computer compared to the brain, then the sensor is equivalent to features, the sensor can be correctly measured and converted into feelings of the corresponding output, the quality of the system play a decisive role. The higher degree of automation, the higher the system requirements on the sensor. In today's information age, the information industry, including information collection, transmission, processing of three parts, namely, sensor technology, communication technology, computer technology. Modern computer technology and communication technology as the rapid development of large scale integrated circuits, after already fully developed, not only on the sensor accuracy, reliability, response rate, the amount of information required to obtain higher and higher, the cost is cheap and also requested easy to use. Obviously because of the traditional sensor functions, features, size, cost has been difficult to meet the gradually be eliminated. Many developed countries are speeding up the world of the sensor research and development of new technologies, and have made tremendous breakthroughs. Today, the new sensor technology, mainly in the following areas: Find and use new phenomenon Using physical phenomena, chemical reactions, biological effects as a sensor principle, the study found that effects of new phenomena and new sensor technology development is an important work is the basis for research and development of new sensors. Sharp developed using high-temperature superconductivity superconducting technology magnetic sensor, is a major breakthrough in sensor technology, its high sensitivity, second only to superconducting quantum interference device. Its manufacturing process than the superconducting quantum interference devices simple. For magnetic imaging, wide popularization. Use of antibody and antigen complex on the electrode surface, when met, will cause changes in electrode potential, take advantage of this phenomenon can be the immune system of the sensor. Made with this antibody immune sensor can have such an in vivo antigen tests. As with hepatitis C virus antibodies can check whether a person is suffering from hepatitis, play fast, accurate effect. University of California, had developed a type of sensor. The use of new materials Sensor technology, sensor material is an important foundation, because materials of scientific progress, people can create new types of sensors. For example, polymer films made with a temperature sensor; optical fiber can be made of pressure, flow, temperature, displacement and other sensors; pressure sensor made of ceramic. Polymers with the surrounding environment to the relative humidity in proportion to the size of the adsorption and release of water molecules. Polymer dielectric constant is small, water molecules can increase the polymer's dielectric constant. Will be made of polymer dielectric capacitor, capacitance measured changes in relative humidity can be obtained. This principle is made use of plasma polymerization, polystyrene film temperature sensor, which has the following characteristics: Wide range of measuring humidity; Wide temperature range, up to -400 +1500 ; Fast response, less than 1S; Small size, can be used to test wet small space; Temperature coefficient. Ceramic capacitive pressure sensor is a non-intermediary fluid pressure sensor dry. Advanced ceramic technology, thick film technology, its technical performance is stable, the annual drift of less than 0.1% FS, drift less than ± 0.15% / 10K, strong anti-overload, range up to several hundred times. Measurement range from 0 to 60mpa. E + H Company of Germany and the United States Kavlio products leader. Application of optical fiber sensor material is a major breakthrough, the first for the optical communication technology. Found in optical communication using the temperature, pressure, electric field, magnetic field and other environmental conditions change, causing fiber-optic transmission of light intensity, phase, frequency, polarization and other changes, the measurement light quantity changes, we can know the cause of these changes in light quantity temperature, pressure, electric field, magnetic field and other physical size, use of these principles can be developed optical fiber sensors. Compared with traditional sensors optical fiber sensor has many characteristics: high sensitivity, simple structure, small size, corrosion resistance, good electrical insulation, optical flexible, easy to implement remote sensing and so on. Japan is in advanced fiber-optic sensors. If Idec Izumi Corporation and Sunx company. Optical Fiber and integrated optical technology receptors combine to accelerate the development of fiber optic sensor technology. Integrated optical devices will replace the existing passive optical components and optical devices, so that a high-bandwidth fiber-optic sensors, signal processing and low voltage, high reliability and low cost. Micro-machining technology Semiconductor technology in the processing methods of oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, deposition, surface electronic process, the wizard of corrosion and deposition, sputtering and thin film, which have already been brought to the sensor manufacturing. And so many new sensors, such as the use of semiconductor technology to produce silicon micro-sensors, using membrane technology to produce fast response gas and humidity sensor using sputtered thin film pressure sensor technology system. Yokogawa Corporation of Japan using the Wizard of corrosion technology for high-precision three-dimensional processing, all made of silicon resonant pressure sensor. Core part of the silicon diaphragm by the pressure sensitive silicon diaphragm and above the production of two resonant beam forming, the two resonant beam frequency difference corresponding to different pressures, with the frequency method of measuring the pressure difference, temperature and other factors to eliminate the errors caused . When the ambient temperature changes, the two resonant frequency and amplitude of the same beam, the frequency difference between the two, its the same variation can cancel each other out. The most accurate measurement of up to 0.01% FS. U.S. Silicon Microstructure Inc. (SMI) has developed a series of low-cost, linearity of 0.1% to 0.65% within the silicon micro pressure sensor, the minimum full scale for the 0.15psi (1KPa), the silicon-material, has a unique three-dimensional structure, light micro machining, and multiple Wheatstone bridge made of etched silicon diaphragm on, when the top silicon wafer by the force, its deformation, resistor bridge piezoresistive effect of the loss of balance, output signal proportional to pressure. like this silicon micro-sensor is the development of today's cutting-edge sensor technology, its basic feature is the volume of sensitive components micrometers, dozens of traditional sensors, a few per cent. In industrial control, aerospace, bio-medicine have an important role, such as aircraft weight, reduce aircraft utilization and reduce energy. Another feature is sensitive to small to be measured, blood pressure sensors can be made. China National Aviation Corporation, Beijing Institute of Measurement and Control Technology, developed CYJ series splash Xie film pressure sensor is processed by ion sputtering of metal strain gauges, it overcomes the non-metallic strain gauge less susceptible to temperature effects, high stability , suitable for all occasions, wide range of measured media, but also overcomes the accuracy pasted brought low, a large hysteresis, creep and other shortcomings, with high accuracy, high reliability, small size and is widely used in aviation , petroleum, chemical, medical and other fields. Integrated sensor The advantages of integrated sensors is the traditional sensors can not be achieved, it is not just a simple sensor, it will assist in the circuit components and sensor integrated on a chip at the same time, so has the calibration, compensation, self-diagnosis and network communication function, it can reduce costs, increase production, the United States LUCAS, NOVASENSOR developed this blood pressure sensors, each capable of producing 10,000 a week. Intelligent sensors Intelligent sensor is a sensor with a microprocessor, micro-computers and sensors combined results, which both detect, determine and information processing capabilities, and many of the characteristics compared to conventional sensors: With judgments and information processing functions, measurement values can be modified, error compensation, thereby improving measurement accuracy; Can achieve multi-sensor multi-parameter measurement; A self-diagnosis and self-calibration function, improve reliability; Measurement data to access, easy to use; A data communication interface to communicate directly with the micro-computer. The sensors, signal conditioning circuitry, microcontroller integrated chip to form a very large scale integrated advanced smart sensors. U.S. HONY WELL Corporation ST-3000 smart sensor chip size of only 3 × 4 × 2mm3, using semiconductor technology, chip made in the same CPU, EPROM, static pressure, differential pressure, temperature sensitive components of three. Intelligent sensor research and development, leading the United States. NASA spacecraft, said that in the development of smart sensor for the sensor (Smart Sensor), the sensor in the spacecraft is very important. Our research and development in this area is still lagging behind, mainly because of China's semiconductor integrated circuit technology is limited. Rapid development of sensors, in particular the human 80s enter the information from the highly industrialized era, sensor technology to the newer and higher technology. United States, Japan and other developed countries, sensor technology, the fastest growing, our foundation is weak because the sensor technology and the greater the gap between developed countries. Therefore, we should increase the sensor technology research and development investment, so that our sensor technology reduce the gap with foreign countries and the promotion of industrial instrumentation and process automation technology.中文翻译传感器新技术的发展传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。输出信号有不同形式，如电压、电流、频率、脉冲等，能满足信息传输、处理、记录、显示、控制要求，是自动检测系统和自动控制系统中不可缺少的元件。如果把计算机比作大脑，那么传感器则相当于五官，传感器能正确感受被测量并转换成相应输出量，对系统的质量起决定性作用。自动化程度越高，系统对传感器要求越高。在今天的信息时代里，信息产业包括信息采集、传输、处理三部分，即传感技术、通信技术、计算机技术。现代的计算机技术和通信技术由于超大规模集成电路的飞速发展，而已经充分发达后，不仅对传感器的精度、可靠性、响应速度、获取的信息量要求越来越高，还要求其成本低廉且使用方便。显然传统传感器因功能、特性、体积、成本等已难以满足而逐渐被淘汰。世界许多发达国家都在加快对传感器新技术的研究与开发，并且都已取得极大的突破。如今传感器新技术的发展，主要有以下几个方面：一、 发现并利用新现象    利用物理现象、化学反应、生物效应作为传感器原理，所以研究发现新现象与新效应是传感器技术发展的重要工作，是研究开发新型传感器的基础。 日本夏普公司利用超导技术研制成功高温超导磁性传感器，是传感器技术的重大突破，其灵敏度高，仅次于超导量子干涉器件。它的制造工艺远比超导量子干涉器件简单。可用于磁成像技术，有广泛推广价值。利用抗体和抗原在电极表面上相遇复合时，会引起电极电位的变化，利用这一现象可制出免疫传感器。用这种抗体制成的免疫传感器可对某生物体内是否有这种抗原作检查。如用肝炎病毒抗体可检查某人是否患有肝炎，起到快速、准确作用。美国加州大学巳研制出这类传感器。二、利用新材料传感器材料是传感器技术的重要基础，由于材料科学进步，人们可制造出各种新型传感器。例如用高分子聚合物薄膜制成温度传感器；光导纤维能制成压力、流量、温度、位移等多种传感器；用陶瓷制成压力传感器。高分子聚合物能随周围环境的相对湿度大小成比例地吸附和释放水分子。高分子电介常数小，水分子能提高聚合物的介电常数。将高分子电介质做成电容器，测定电容容量的变化，即可得出相对湿度。利用这个原理制成等离子聚合法聚苯乙烯薄膜温度传感器，其有以下特点：测湿范围宽； 温度范围宽，可达-400 +1500； 响应速度快，小于1S； 尺寸小，可用于小空间测湿； 温度系数小。 陶瓷电容式压力传感器是一种无中介液的干式压力传感器。采用先进的陶瓷技术，厚膜电子技术，其技术性能稳定，年漂移量小于0.1%F.S,温漂小于± 0.15%/10K,抗过载强,可达量程的数百倍。测量范围可从0到60mpa。德国E+H公司和美国Kavlio公司产品处于领先地位。光导纤维的应用是传感材料的重大突破，其最早用于光通信技术。在光通信利用中发现当温度、压力、电场、磁场等环境条件变化时，引起光纤传输的光波强度、相位、频率、偏振态等变化，测量光波量的变化，就可知道导致这些光波量变化的温度、压力、电场、磁场等物理量的大小，利用这些原理可研制出光导纤维传感器。光纤传感器与传统传感器相比有许多特点：灵敏度高，结构简单、体积小、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、光路可弯曲、便于实现遥测等。光纤传感器日本处于先进水平。如 Idec Izumi公司和Sunx公司。光纤传感受器与集成光路技术相结合，加速光纤传感器技术的发展。将集成光路器件代替原有 光学元件和无源光器件，使光纤传感器有高的带宽、低的信号处理电压，可靠性高，成本低。三、微机械加工技术半导体技术中的加工方法有氧化、光刻、扩散、沉积、平面电子工艺，各向导性腐蚀及蒸镀，溅射薄膜等，这些都已引进到传感器制造。因而产生了各种新型传感器，如利用半导体技术制造出硅微传感器，利用薄膜工艺制造出快速响应的气敏、湿敏传感器，利用溅射薄膜工艺制压力传感器等。日本横河公司利用各向导性腐蚀技术进行高精度三维加工，制成全硅谐振式压力传感器。核心部分由感压硅膜片和硅膜片上面制作的两个谐振梁结成，两个谐振梁的频差对应不同的压力，用频率差的方法测压力，可消除环境温度等因素带来的误差。当环境温度变化时，两个谐振梁频率和幅度变化相同，将两个