高考英语复习备课：Unit 4 Green world mm.doc

Unit 4 Green worldReading The Birth of a Science1. procedure1) C, U (regular) order or way of doing things, esp in business, law, politics, etc 程序（尤指工商、 法律、 政治等事务的）Stop arguing about (questions of) procedure and let's get down to business. 别再为程序（问题）争辩了, 咱们着手议正事吧parliamentary procedure 议会议事程序C 2) (for sth) action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth 办事程序; 手续; 步骤:What's the procedure for opening a bank account? 在银行开个帐户要办什么手续? The chairman was quite familiar with the procedure for conducting a meeting. 主席对开会的程序很熟悉。 The next procedure is as follows. 3) 常规;传统的做法CU The first step in the procedure for making a kite is to build the frame. 制作风筝的第一步是做骨架Procedural adj of procedure(s) 程序上的; 手续的: The business of the committee was delayed by procedural difficulties. 委员会的事务因程序上有困难而耽搁了.2. bunch1) C number of things (of the same kind) growing, fastened or grouped together 串; 束; 卷; 团:a bunch of bananas, grapes, etc 一串香蕉、 葡萄等bunches of flowers 花束a bunch of keys 一串钥匙2) C group of people; gang; mob 人群; 匪帮; 暴 民: a bunch of thugs 一群恶棍 A bunch of children were at play. 一群孩子在玩。 3. merely adv.仅仅；只不过 I merely looked at the chocolate; I did not eat it. 我只不过看了看巧克力，我没有吃。 They are not merely content to fill the stomach. 他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。 You don't have to be angry. He merely wanted to know the truth. "你不必太生气了,他只不过是想知道点事实真相。" That was merely a guess of mine. 那只是我的一种猜测。 4. most ,mostly1) most 大多数 most students most of the students most of you It is most kind of you to help me. 非常This is a most useful reference book.at (the) most 至多make the most of 充分利用2) mostly adv. mainly, chiefly主要地，大部分地通常；强调所占比例，成分。She is mostly out on Sundays.My friends are mostly basketball fans.The medicine is_made of soda water. A. most B. almost C. mostly D nearly5. make an attempt to do sth. 企图，尝试某事 attempt to do sth.They make no attempt to escape.He is very successful at his first attempt.6. classifyarrange (sth) systematically in classes or groups 将（某事物）编排, 分类:The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆的书是按照/根据科目分类的. sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a particular class(3) 将某人/某事物归类: Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属於文学类呢, 还是属於通俗读物类? People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books. 在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。 Eggs are classified according to size. 鸡蛋按大小分等级。 7. unique (a) being the only one of its type 独一无二的; 仅有的; 唯一的: a unique work of art 独一无二的艺术作品. (b) having no like or equal; unparalleled 独特的; 无比的; 无双的: a unique opportunity 难得的机会a unique ability 独有的能力. (c) unusual; remarkable 不寻常的; 突出的: a rather unique little restaurant 别具一格的餐馆.She is uniquely suited to the job. 她是唯一适於做此工作的人. uniqueness n U.8. identification n. 1) 认出;识别;鉴定;确认U the identification of criminals by their fingerprints 凭指纹确认罪犯 2) 身份证明;身份证UC I used my driver's license as identification. 我用驾驶执照作为身份证明。 Have you any identification? 你有身份证明吗？ His only means of identification was his passport. 他唯一证明身份的证件就是他的护照。 vt. identify vt. 1. 确认;识别;鉴定,验明(+as) She identified him as her attacker. 她认出他就是袭击她的人。 I cannot identify this signature. 我识别不出这是谁的签字。 9. promote1) 尤用於被动语态: sb (to sth) raise sb to a higher position or rank 提升、 晋升或擢升某人She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作很努力, 很快便获得提升.The football team was promoted to the first division. 该足球队已晋升为甲级队.Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我们的老师已被提升为校长了。 Pupils who pass the test will be promoted to the next higher grade. 通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。 2) help the progress of (sth); encourage orsupport 促进, 增进（某事物）; 鼓励; 支持: The organization works to promote friendship / cooperation between nations. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.promote a bill in Parliament, ie take the necessary steps for it to be passed 促使某法案在议会通过. 3) publicize (sth) in order to sell it 宣传（某物）以促进销售: a publicity campaign to promote her new book 为推销她的新书而开展的宣传活动. 10. privilege1) C special right or advantage available only to a particular person, class or rank, or to the holder of a certain position 特有的权利、 利益或好处:Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利.the privileges of birth, eg the benefits of belonging to a wealthy family 与生俱来的优越（如生於富贵之家而有的利益）He enjoys diplomatic privileges. 他享有外交特权。 I had the privilege of meeting the queen. 我有会见王后的特权。 Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society. "在一个现代社会中,受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。"2) (贬) rights and advantages possessed by the rich and powerful people in a society （有钱有势者的）特权, 特别待遇: They fought against privilege in order to create a fairer society. 他们进行反对特权的斗争以便建立较为公平的社会.She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过着养尊处优的生活. 3) special benefit given to sb as a favour 特别给予的好处或待遇: Older pupils enjoy special privileges. 岁数较大的学童受到优待.Thank you for showing us your collection of paintings.' It's my privilege (ie I am honored to do so).' 感谢你让我们观赏你所收藏的画,同欢共赏, 不胜荣幸.It is a great privilege to know you. 认识你真是莫大的荣幸。 11. cosy 1) (warm and) comfortable （暖和而）舒适的: a cosy room, chair, feeling 舒适的房间、 椅子、 感觉a nice cosy little house 美妙舒适的房子2) intimate and friendly 亲切友好的: a cosy chat by the fireside 在炉边的亲切闲谈. 12. appetite n. UC 1) 食欲,胃口(+for) Exercise gave her a good appetite. 运动使她胃口大增。 to lose one's appetite 食欲不振 2) 欲望;爱好(+for) At the moment she had no appetite for gossip. 此时此刻她无心闲聊。 an appetite for learning. 学习的强烈愿望 He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗志. 13. appoint1) sb (to sth); sb (as sth) choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位; 任命; 委派: They have appointed Smith/a new manager. 他们已经任用了史密斯一位新经理.He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委派填补那空缺.We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school. 我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。 2) 约定,指定;安排 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time. 我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。 They will appoint a date for the examination. 他们将指定考试日期 to appoint a time for the meeting 指定开会时间 They appointed a place to exchange stamps. 他们约定一个地方交换邮票。 n. appointment 1) (尤指正式的)约会C(+with)+to-v I have an appointment with them in the evening. 今晚我与他们有个约会。 2) (会面的)约定U 3) 任命,委派U(+as/of) The appointment of a new judge was reported in the newspaper. 报上报导了任命一位新法官的消息。 14. calculate vt. vi. 1) 计算 Has Edward calculated the result? 爱得华算出结果了吗? Our price has already been closely calculated. There is no room for reduction. 我们的价格是经过精密计算的，无让步余地。 The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon. 科学家能准确地计算出太空船什么时候抵达月球。 2) 估计；推算 They calculated the cost of a journey 他们估算了旅游所需费用 I calculate that Aunt Lena will arrive at 8.00 p.m. 我估计李娜阿姨将于下午八点到达。 I calculate you'll get there in time. 我认为你们赶到那儿. 15. Expense n. adj.expensive 1) 费用;价钱;支出;消耗S I don't think we can afford the expense. 我认为我们负担不了这个费用。 A motorcycle can be a great expense. 买一辆摩托车可能要花很多钱。 The expenses added up to $50. 费用加起来共计五十美元。 2) 开支;经费P He said the office expenses were too big. 他认为办公室的花费太大了。 What are the expenses of moving house? 搬家的花销是多少？ 3) 代价 spare no expense不惜代价 We must spare no expense to save his life. 不惜代价挽救他的生命 16. look out for 警惕，留心；寻找 1) watch out for；keep a watch for 密切注意；提防 When you're eating fish，look out for the bones吃鱼的时候，当心鱼刺。 You must look out for catching cold你得小心，不要感冒了。 2) seek if one can find寻找 Will you go to the station and look out for your uncle？你去火车站找你叔叔吗？ We have been looking out for a new house, but the ones we've seen have all been too expensive我们一直在找一所新房子，但是我们看的几所房子都要价太高。 Investors look out for better returns 投资者寻求好的回报 3) take care of照顾；照看 You needn't worry about me， I can look out for myself你不用替我担心，我会照顾自己的。 17. on a large scale 大规模地 They are preparing for war on a large scale. 他们正在大规模地备战。 18. involve1) make (sth) necessary as a condition or result; entail 使（某事物）成为必要条件或结果; 需要: The scheme involves computers.这一设计离不开计算机.The job involved me/my living in London. 工作需要我住在伦敦. 2) include or affect (sb/sth) in its operation 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连（某人某事物）: The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工.a situation in which national security is involved 涉及国家安全的形势. All the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。 This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。 3) (a) sb/sth in (doing) sth cause sb/sth to take part in (an activity or a situation) 使某人某事物参与某活动或陷入某情况: Don't involve me in solving your problems! 你解决你的问题, 不要把我拉进去! (b) sb/sth in sth bring sb/sth into (a difficult situation) 使某人某事物陷入（困境）: involve sb in expense, a lot of trouble 使某人破费、 招惹许多麻烦He was involved in a heated argument. 他参与了一场激烈的争论.That's no concern of mine. I'm not involved. 那与我无关,我未卷入。 Don't involve me in your quarrel! 不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中! 19. enterprise n. 1) (有一定冒险性的)事业C The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event. 音乐会演是一项新生事物, 我们希望它能成为一年一度的盛会.2) 冒险精神;进取心,事业心U Tom is a man of great enterprise. 汤姆很有进取精神。 3) 企业,公司C This enterprise is doing a good business. 这家企业生意兴隆。20. settlement 1) 殖民；移民, 定居，殖民地 The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago.由白人进行的向非洲移民开始于500年前。 The British Empire had many settlements. 大英帝国有许多殖民地 2) 解决 They are looking for a good settlement.寻找好的解决办法 21. accumulate vt. -lated, -lating，accumulation 累积,积聚;积攒 They accumulated a huge mass of data. 他们积累了大量的资料。 He accumulated a good library. 积累了丰富的藏书。 accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction 搜集足够的证据以给他定罪By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产.vi. 积成堆;累积,聚积 Dust had accumulated during her absence. 她不在时灰尘积了起来。-lated, -lating 22. abandon vt. -ed 1) 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃 The crew abandoned the burning ship. 水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。 The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side. 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。 abandon one's home 离弃家园 He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。 an abandoned car, dwelling, fort, village 被抛弃的汽车、 被离弃的住所、 被遗弃的堡垒、 被离弃的村庄2) 放弃,中止 He finally abandoned his reformist ideas. 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想abandon a project, plan, scheme, etc 放弃一项方案、 计划、 设计等urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的人戒烟Integrating skills Wildlife and Garden Roses1. nowhere ad. 任何地方都不 In the winter break I went nowhere, just stayed at home. 寒假期间,我什么地方都没去,一直呆在家里。 The dictionary is nowhere to be found. 那本词典哪儿也找不到。 n. 1) 没有什么地方 He had nowhere to go. 他无处可去。 2) 不知名的地方 We camped out in the middle of nowhere last summer. 去年夏天我们在一处茫茫蛮荒之地露营。 Some of the great men came out of nowhere. 有些伟人来自不知名的小地方。 3) 任何地方 They lived out in the country, miles from nowhere. 他们住在乡下,离任何有人的地方还有好几英里。 4) 乌有;不存在的地方 A tiger appeared from nowhere. 突然地出现了一只老虎。 2. Altogether ad. 1) entirely, completely 完全地; 全部地,全然 I am altogether on your side in this matter. 在这个问题上我完全支持你。 I don't altogether agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的意见.2) 全部,合计 He bought altogether 500 hectares of land. 他总共买了五百公顷土地。 3) 总之,总而言之 Altogether, exports are looking up. 总的说来,出口贸易在好转。 The weather was bad and the food dreadful. Altogether the holiday was very disappointing. 天气又坏, 吃的又糟. 总而言之, 这次假日很扫兴. 3. appearance n. 1) 出现;显露C John's appearance in the doorway was welcomed with shouts. 约翰出现在门口时,大家高喊着欢迎他。 2) 露面;来到;演出C The singer made her first appearance in a concert in Boston. 这位歌唱家第一次演出是在波士顿的一个音乐会上。 She's made a number of television appearances. 她已在电视上好几次亮相。 3) 外貌,外观;外表UC The appearance of the old house completely changed. 那所旧房子的外观全变了。 4. output n. 1) 产量，产品 The measures will enable us to double our output of bicycles. 这些措施能使我们的自行车产量加倍。 2) 输出;输出功率the power output of a transformer变压器的输出功率 3) 作品artistic output 艺术作品 Writing5. latter a. 1) 后面的;后半的;末了的 This latter point was of great importance. 后面这点极为重要。 2) (两者中)后者的 Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 6. distinguish 1) 区别;识别(+from) He can distinguish a genuine antique from a reproduction. 他能区别真正的古董与复制品。 2) (凭感觉器官)辨认出 I can distinguish my roommates by their footsteps. 我能根据室友的脚步声辨认出他们。 I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们 vi. 区别;识别;辨别(+between) It is certainly important to distinguish between right and wrong. 明辨是非当然要紧。 Speeches distinguishes man from the animals. 言语使人区别于动物。 7. in detail 详细地 Would you please explain the theme in detail? 您是否能详细地说明一下主题?金橘kumquat 米仔兰(米兰）milan tree 变叶木croton 一品红poinsettia 扶桑Chinese hibiscus 吊灯花fringed hibiscus 马拉巴栗（发财树) Guiana chestnut 山茶camellia 云南山茶Yunnan camellia 金花茶golden camellia 瑞香daphne 结香paper bush 倒挂金钟fuchsia 八角金盘Japan fatsia 常春藤ivy 鹅掌柴umbrella tree 杜鹃花rhododendron 茉莉花jasmine 桂花sweet osmanthus 夹竹桃sweet-scented oleander 黄花夹竹桃lucky-nut-thevetia 鸡蛋花frangipani 龙吐珠bleeding-heart glorybower 夜香树（木本夜来香）night jasmine 鸳鸯茉莉broadleaf raintree 栀子花cape jasmine 蝴蝶兰moth orchid 卡特兰cattleya 石斛dendrobium 兜兰lady slipper 兰花orchid 春兰goering cymbidium 仙客来florists cyclamen 大岩桐florists gloxinia，common gloxinia 虎眼万年青whiplash star of bethlehem 文殊兰crinum 蜘蛛兰spider lily 朱顶红barbadoslily，amaryllis 葱兰zephyr lily 香雪兰（小苍兰）common freesia 番红花crocus 苏铁（铁树）sago cycas 南洋杉hoop pine 罗汉松yew podocarpus 橡皮树India rubber fig 榕树smallfruit fig 叶子花（三角梅）bougainvillea 南天竹heavenly bamboo 白兰花white michelia 含笑banana shrub 虎耳草creeping rockfoil 八仙花（绣球花）hydrangeas 梅花mei flower 海桐pittosporum 广东万年青china green 龟背竹monstera ceriman 苞叶芋snow flower 花叶万年青spotted dieffenbachia 紫背万年青oyster plant 紫鸭跖草purple heart 吊竹梅inch plant 万年青lily of China 蜘蛛抱蛋（一叶兰）aspidistra 文竹asparagus fern 凤尾蕨table fern 肾蕨sword fern 铁线蕨Venus's-hair-fern 鸟巢蕨bird's-nest fern 波士顿蕨Boston fern 鹿角蕨staghorn fern 虎尾兰snake plant 龙舌兰agave 酒瓶兰elephant-foot tree 六出花alstroemeria，peruvian lily 地涌金莲hairy fruit musella 鹤望兰（天堂鸟）queen's bird-of-paradise flower 艳山姜shell flower 孔雀肖竹芋peacock plant 花叶竹芋bicolor