钢材替换应用设计指南.doc
目录第5章 设计建议- 2 -5.1 1级可替代钢材设计建议- 2 -5.1.1 1级结构钢- 2 -5.1.2 1级普通螺栓连接- 3 -5.1.3 1级高强度连接螺栓- 4 -A.4 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel materials（澳大利亚/新西兰标准）- 6 -A.4.1 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel plates- 6 -A.4.2 Certified Australian/New Zealand hot rolled sections- 6 -A.4.3 Certified Australian/New Zealand hollow sections- 6 -A.4.4 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel for cold forming- 7 -A.4.5 Certified Australian/New Zealand non-preloaded bolting assemblies- 7 -A.4.6 Certified Australian/New Zealand preloaded bolting assemblies- 7 -A.4.7 Certified Australian/New Zealand welding consumables- 8 -A.4.8 Certified Australian/New Zealand profiled steel sheets- 8 -A.4.9 Certified Australian/New Zealand shear stud connectors- 8 -A.5 已认证中国钢材目录- 9 -A.5.1 已认证的中国钢板- 9 -A.5.2 已认证的中国热轧型钢- 10 -A.5.3 已认证的中国空心型钢- 10 -A.5.4 已认证的用于冷成型的中国钢材- 11 -A.5.5 已认证的中国普通螺栓- 11 -A.5.6 已认证的中国高强度螺栓- 12 -A.5.7 已认证的中国焊材- 12 -A.5.8 已认证的中国压型钢板- 12 -A.5.9 已认证的中国抗剪连接件- 12 -C.4 Australian/New Zealand standards for reference（澳大利亚/新西兰标准）- 13 -C.4.1 Australian/New Zealand standards on design of steel structures- 13 -C.4.2 Australian/New Zealand standards on steel materials- 13 -C.4.3 Australian/New Zealand standards on manufacturing tolerances- 13 -C.4.4 Australian/New Zealand standards on bolting assemblies- 13 -C.4.5 Australian/New Zealand standards on welding consumables- 13 -C.4.6 Australian/New Zealand standards on profiled steel sheets- 14 -C.4.7 Australian/New Zealand standards on shear stud connectors- 14 -C.5 中国标准- 14 -C.5.1 中国钢结构设计标准- 14 -C.5.2 中国钢材标准- 14 -C.5.3 中国钢材公差标准- 14 -C.5.4 中国螺栓及配件标准- 15 -C.5.5 中国焊材标准- 15 -C.5.6 中国压型钢板材料标准- 16 -C.5.7 中国栓钉连接件标准- 16 -第5章 设计建议本章涵盖了应用三种不同级别可替代钢材按BS5950规范进行设计时的设计建议，可替代钢材分级的定义见本指南的4.3.1节、4.3.2节和4.3.3节。主要设计参数和公式在5.1节、5.2节和5.3节给出。而所有三个级别的可替代钢材的共同的其他性能在5.4节中给出。5.1 1级可替代钢材设计建议本节阐述了在附录C名单上认证的钢材，并且与质量保证要求（见第3章）相符1级可替代钢材的设计指南。 5.1.1 1级结构钢本节涵盖了1级钢板，热轧型钢，空心型钢和冷弯型钢的设计强度。1级结构钢的设计强度用下述公式计算。或460N/mm2对钢结构的屈服强度大于等于460N/mm2，不允许进行塑性设计时，N/mm2 表19和表20给出不同钢材强度级别对应的设计强度。注：对于轧制型钢，所指厚度是横截面中最厚处的厚度。表19 澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）结构钢的设计强度牌号小于或等于下列厚度(mm)时的设计强度Py（N/mm2）812203250801503678-250-L152502502502502502402403678-300-L153003003002802802802803678-350-L153503503503403403403303678-400-L154004003803603603603678-450-L154504504504204003679-2502502502502502303679-3503503403403403303679-4004004003803801163-C2502502501163-C2752752751163-C3003003001163-C3503503501163-C4004004001163-C4504504501379-G2502501379-G3003001379-G3503501379-G4504501379-G5005001379-G5505501595-C2202101595-C2602501595-C350350表20 中国标准（GB）结构钢的设计强度牌号小于或等于下列厚度(mm)时的设计强度Py（N/mm2）163550100150Q235235225215215195Q275275265255245225Q295295275255235Q345a345325295275Q345b325315305Q345c355345335325Q390390370350330Q420420400380360Q460460440420400a) 不适用于按GB/T8162轧制的Q345无缝钢管。b) 仅适用于按GB/T8162轧制的Q345无缝钢管。c) 仅适用于按GB/T4172生产的Q355NH耐候钢。5.1.2 1级普通螺栓连接本节涵盖了1级普通螺栓和相匹配的普通螺栓配件的设计强度。表24和表25给出不同螺栓级别对应的设计强度。表24 澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）普通螺栓设计强度等级剪切强度Ps （N/mm2）承压强度Pbb （N/mm2）抗拉强度Pt （N/mm2）3.61203362104.81605042805.82006303506.82407564208.8320100856010.84001260700表25 中国标准（GB）普通螺栓设计强度等级剪切强度Ps （N/mm2）承压强度Pbb （N/mm2）抗拉强度Pt （N/mm2）4.6125（160）320（450）200（280）8.8250（320）720（1000）400（560）10.9310（400）930（1300）500（700）译者注：上表是依据中国钢结构设计规范（GB50017-2003）表3.4.1-4得出的，设计强度取值明显低于AS/NES等标准，这是由于中国标准（GB）的取值原则与澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）有差异，取值时已综合考虑了一些其他因素，并不是中国生产的螺栓性能较低引起的。实际上中国的普通螺栓和高强度螺栓与按上述标准体系生产的螺栓具有同等性能，如螺栓的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后伸长率、断面收缩率、表面硬度等均能满足相应螺栓制造标准的要求。GB50017规范取值时，螺栓杆剪切强度的确定还同时考虑了弯矩作用的影响，在螺栓杆受拉时又同时考虑率端板变形生产撬力使拉力增大的作用，以及材料抗力分项系数的影响。这些隐含在表3.4.1-4中的因素，澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）未考虑。如与澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）同等对待，则中国标准（GB）螺栓设计强度取值应为括号内数字。表29 澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）普通螺栓配件的等级螺栓等级螺母等级垫圈等级3.64AS/NZS 12524.845.856.868.8810.810表30 中国标准（GB）普通螺栓配件的等级螺栓等级螺母等级垫圈等级4.64 （dM16）；5 （dM16）100HV8.88；10（所有直径）10.910；12（所有直径）5.1.3 1级高强度连接螺栓本节涵盖了1级高强度螺栓和相匹配的高强度螺栓配件的设计强度。表34 和表35给出不同螺栓级别对应的设计强度。表34 澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）高强度螺栓设计强度螺栓等级剪切强度Ps(N/mm2)抗拉强度Pt(N/mm2)8.832056010.840070012.8480840表35 中国标准（GB）高强度螺栓设计强度螺栓等级剪切强度Ps(N/mm2)抗拉强度Pt(N/mm2)8.8250(320)400(560)10.9310(400)500(700)译者注：见表25注表39 和表40中给出高强度螺栓配件的建议等级。表39 澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）高强度螺栓配件的建议等级螺栓等级螺母等级垫圈等级8.88AS/NZS 125210.91012.912表40 中国标准（GB）高强度螺栓配件的建议等级螺栓等级螺母等级垫圈等级8.8 Sa8H3545 HRC10.9 Sa10Ha)与表31中8.8级和10.9级等同A.4 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel materials（澳大利亚/新西兰标准）A.4.1 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel platesEither any combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS/NZS 3678-1996 Grade 250 L15 Grade 300 L15 Grade 350 L15 Grade 400 L15 Grade 450 L15with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 1365-1996*NOTE *Plates are rolled on continuous mills. If plates are rolled on reversing mills, width of plate should be less than 2.7 m.Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS 1548-1995 Grade 5-490 N or A Grade 7-430 R, N, T, or A Grade 7-460 R, N, T, or A Grade 7-490 R, N, T, or Awith dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 1548-1995*NOTE *Plates are rolled on continuous mills. If plates are rolled on reversing mills, width of plate should be less than 2.7 m.A.4.2 Certified Australian/New Zealand hot rolled sectionsAny combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS/NZS 3679.1-1996 Grade 250 (L0, L15) Grade 350 (L0, L15) Grade 400 (L0, L15)with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 3679.1-1996*NOTE *Basis for acceptance is stringent mass tolerance requirement.A.4.3 Certified Australian/New Zealand hollow sectionsAny combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS 1163-2007 C250 (L0, L15) C275 (L0, L15) C300 (L0, L15) C350 (L0, L15) C400 (L0, L15) C450 (L0, L15)with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS 1163-2007*NOTE * Basis for acceptance is stringent mass tolerance requirement.A.4.4 Certified Australian/New Zealand steel for cold formingAny combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS/NZS 1595-1998 CA 220 CA 260 CA 350with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 1365-1996*Or any combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS/NZS 1397-2001 Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350 Grade 400 Grade 450with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 1365-1996*NOTE *Basis for acceptance is stringent thickness tolerance requirement.A.4.5 Certified Australian/New Zealand non-preloaded bolting assembliesBolts manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS 4291.1-2000* AS/NZS 1559-1997NOTE *Grade 12.9 is non-certified.Nuts manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS/NZS 4291.2-1995Washers manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996A.4.6 Certified Australian/New Zealand preloaded bolting assembliesBolts manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS 4291.1-2000Nuts manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996 AS/NZS 4291.2:1995Washers manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1252-1996A.4.7 Certified Australian/New Zealand welding consumablesWelding consumables, which result in all-weld metals meeting material performance requirements in 2.7,and manufactured to:- AS/NZS 1554.1-2004 AS/NZS 4855-2007 AS/NZS 4857-2006* AS 1858.1-2003* AS/NZS 2717.1-1996NOTE *Only grades 55, 62 and 69 are certified.NOTE *Z is non-certified.NOTE *Only grades W5xxx to W6xxx are certified; grade W5ZXH is non-certified.A.4.8 Certified Australian/New Zealand profiled steel sheetsAny combination of steel grades manufactured to:-AS/NZS 1397-2001 Grade 250 Grade 300 Grade 350 Grade 400 Grade 450 Grade 500 Grade 550with dimensional and/or mass tolerances in accordance with:-AS/NZS 1365-1996*NOTE *Tolerances for cold-rolled sheet/strip.A.4.9 Certified Australian/New Zealand shear stud connectorsStud shear connectors manufactured to:-AS/NZS 1554.2-2003*NOTE *Stud diameter should be at least 15.9 mm.A.5 已认证中国钢材目录A.5.1 已认证的中国钢板依据相关标准生产的钢材品种：B/T 700-2006*GB/T 1591-1994*（已由GB/T 1591-2008代替）GB/T 4171-2000（已由GB/T 4171-2008耐候结构钢代替）GB/T 4172-2000（已由GB/T 4171-2008耐候结构钢代替）YB 4104-2000（已由GB/T 19879-2005建筑结构用钢板代替）·Q235BZ(·Q295B)(·Q295GNH)·Q235NHC·Q235GJC·Q235CZ·Q345B(·Q295GNHL)·Q235NHD·Q235GJD·Q235DTZ·Q345C·Q345GNH·Q235NHE·Q235GJE·Q275BZ·Q345D·Q345GNHL(·Q295NHC)·Q235GJZxxC*·Q275CZ·Q345E·Q390GNH(·Q295NHD)·Q235GJZxxD*·Q275DTZ·Q390B(·Q295NHE)·Q235GJZxxE*·Q390C·Q355NHC·Q345GJC·Q390D·Q355NHD·Q345GJD·Q390E·Q355NHE·Q345GJE·Q420B·Q460NHD·Q345GJZxxC*·Q420C·Q460NHE·Q345GJZxxD*·Q420D·Q345GJZxxE*·Q420E·Q460C·Q460D·Q460E尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 709-2006* (热轧钢板和钢带的尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差)·A类偏差 （按公称厚度规定负偏差）·B类偏差 （固定负偏差为0.3mm）·C类偏差 （固定负偏差为零，按公称厚度规定正偏差）·N类偏差 （正偏差和负偏差相等）·PT.A （普通厚度精度）·PT.B （较高厚度精度）注: * GB/T 912-1989，GB/T 3274-1988作为GB/T 700-2006和GB/T 1591-1994以及GB/T 709-2009的参考标准，按照上述标准生产的钢板，应认为其质量是有保证的。 * 依据GB/T 5313-1985，钢板厚度方向的性能指标Zxx是指Z15，Z25和Z35。A.5.2 已认证的中国热轧型钢依据相关标准生产的钢材品种：GB/T 700-2006*GB/T 1591-1994*（已由GB/T 1591-2008代替）GB/T 4171-2000（已由GB/T 4171-2008耐候结构钢代替）GB/T 4172-2000（已由GB/T 4171-2008耐候结构钢代替）·Q235BZ(·Q295B)(·Q295GNH)·Q235NHC·Q235CZ·Q345B(·Q295GNHL)·Q235NHD·Q235DTZ·Q345C·Q345GNH·Q235NHE·Q275BZ·Q345D·Q345GNHL(·Q295NHC)·Q275CZ·Q345E·Q390GNH(·Q295NHD)·Q275DTZ·Q390B(·Q295NHE)·Q390C·Q355NHC·Q390D·Q355NHD·Q390E·Q355NHE·Q420B·Q460NHD·Q420C·Q460NHE·Q420D·Q420E·Q460C·Q460D·Q460E尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 706-1988，B/T 707-1988，B/T9787-1988，B/T9946-1988或GB/T 11265-2005（GB/T 706-1988、GB/T 707-1988、GB/T 9787-1988、GB/T 9946-1988已由GB/T 706-2008热轧型钢代替）A.5.3 已认证的中国空心型钢依据相关标准生产的钢材品种：GB/T 700-2006*GB/T 1591-1994*（已由GB/T 1591-2008代替）GB/T 4171-2000（已由GB/T 4171-2008耐候结构钢代替）·Q235CZ·Q345C·Q420C*(·Q295GNH)·Q235DTZ·Q345D·Q420D*(·Q295GNHL)·Q275CZ·Q345E·Q420E*·Q345GNH·Q275DTZ·Q390C·Q460C*·Q345GNHL·Q390D·Q460D*·Q390GNH·Q390E·Q460E*注: * 淬火加回火钢未认证。尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 6728-2002无缝钢管生产依据的标准：GB/T 8162-1999·Q345尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 8162-1999和GB/T 17395-1998A.5.4 已认证的用于冷成型的中国钢材依据相关标准生产的钢材品种：GB/T 700-2006*GB/T 1591-1994*（已由GB/T 1591-2008代替）·Q215AZ(·Q295A)·Q390D·Q215BZ(·Q295B)·Q390E·Q235AZ·Q345A·Q420A·Q235BZ·Q345B·Q420B·Q235CZ·Q345C·Q420C*·Q235DTZ·Q345D·Q420D*·Q275AZ·Q345E·Q420E*·Q275BZ·Q390A·Q275CZ·Q390B·Q275DTZ·Q390C注: * 淬火回火钢未认证。尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 709-2006A.5.5 已认证的中国普通螺栓螺栓生产依据的标准：·GB/T 5780-2000 ·GB/T 5781-2000 ·GB/T 5782-2000 ·GB/T 5783-2000螺母生产依据的标准：·GB/T 41-2000·GB/T 6170-2000 ·GB/T 6175-2000垫圈生产依据的标准：·GB/T 95-2000A.5.6 已认证的中国高强度螺栓螺栓生产依据的标准：·GB/T 1228-2006·GB/T 3632-1995（已由GB/T 3632-2008代替）螺母生产依据的标准：·GB/T 1229-2006·GB/T 3632-1995（已由GB/T 3632-2008代替）垫圈生产依据的标准：·GB/T 1230-2006·GB/T 3632-1995（已由GB/T 3632-2008代替）A.5.7 已认证的中国焊材焊材生产依据的标准如下，以保证全焊金属焊缝的材料性能符合本指南第2.7节的要求。·GB/T 5117-1995 ·GB/T 5118-1995 ·GB/T 5293-1999 ·GB/T 8110-1995（已由GB/T 8110-2008代替）·GB/T 10045-2001 ·GB/T 12470-2003 ·GB/T 17493-1988 A.5.8 已认证的中国压型钢板依据相关标准生产的钢材品种：GB/T 2518-2004（已由GB/T 2518-2008代替）·220（结构级）·250（结构级）·280（结构级）·320（结构级）·350（结构级）·400（结构级）·500（结构级）·550（结构级）尺寸和重量允许偏差所依据的标准：GB/T 2518-2006（已由GB/T 2518-2008代替）A.5.9 已认证的中国抗剪连接件抗剪连接件生产依据的标准：GB/T 10433-2002C.4 Australian/New Zealand standards for reference（澳大利亚/新西兰标准）The following Australian/New Zealand standards are published by Standards Australia, Sydney, AustraliD.C.4.1 Australian/New Zealand standards on design of steel structuresAS 4100-1998 Steel structuresC.4.2 Australian/New Zealand standards on steel materialsAS 1163-2007 Structural steel hollow sections (cold-formed)AS 1397-2001 Steel sheet and strip Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coatedAS 1548-1995 Steel plate for pressure equipmentAS/NZS 1594-2002 Hot-rolled steel flat productsAS/NZS 1595-1998 Cold-rolled, unalloyed, steel sheet and stripAS/NZS 3678-1996 Structural steel hot-rolled plates, floor plates and slabsAS/NZS 3679.1-1996 Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sectionsC.4.3 Australian/New Zealand standards on manufacturing tolerancesAS/NZS 1365-1996 Tolerances for flat rolled steel productsAS 1548-1995 Steel plate for pressure equipmentAS/NZS 3679.1-1996 Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sectionsC.4.4 Australian/New Zealand standards on bolting assembliesAS 1112.3-2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts Part 3: Product grade CAS 1112.4-2000ISO metric hexagon nuts Part 4: Chamfered thin nuts. Product grades A and BAS 4291.1-2000 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Bolts, screws and studsAS/NZS 1252-1996 High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structuralengineeringAS/NZS 1559-1997 Hot-dip galvanized steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for towerconstruction.AS/NZS 4291.2-1995 Mechanical properties of fasteners Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse threadC.4.5 Australian/New Zealand standards on welding consumablesAS 1554.1-2004 Structural Steel Welding Welding of steel structuresAS/NZS 4855-2007 Manual arc weldAS/NZS 4857-2006 Manual arc weld high strength steelAS/NZS 1167.2-1999 Welding and brazing Filler metalsAS/NZS 2717.1-1996 Welding Electrodes Gas metal arcAS 1858.1-2003 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding Carbon steels and carbonmanganese steelsAS 1858.1-2003Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding Carbon steels and c
