11月16日雅思阅读机经(北外雅思版).doc

2013年11月16日雅思阅读机经（北外雅思版）新旧情况题材题目题型Passage1 2012.4.12旧题动物类Professor Horn and T-REX霸王龙的最新研究T/F/NG判断题（8道）Summary填空题（5道）文章大意恐龙研究专家及其研究项目的详细介绍。前几段主要讲该科学家的生平。毕业没有学位，但是却被自己的大学授予奖励。他没有去比较远的大的博物馆。他认为恐龙不是掠食型动物，而是吃食腐动物。从牙齿到四肢做了深入的研究。觉得其他科学家的判断恐龙的研究没有依据。但是也会接受其他科学家有根据的推测。真题原文 T-Rex HunterA Jack Horner is an unlikely academic: his dyslexia is so bad that he has trouble reading a book. But he can read the imprint of life in sandstone or muddy shale across a distance of 100m years, and it is this gift that has made him curator of palaeontology at Montana State University's Museum of the Rockies, the leader of a multi-million dollar scientific project to expose a complete slice of life 68m years ago, and a consultant to Steven Spielberg and other Hollywood figures.B His father had a sand and gravel quarry in Montana, and the young Horner was a collector of stones and bones, complete with notes about when and where he found them. "My father had owned a ranch when he was younger, in Montana”he says. "He was enough of a geologist,being a sand and gravel man, to have a pretty good notion that they were dinosaur bones. So when I was eight years old he took me back to the area that had been his ranch, to where he had seen these big old bones. I picked up one. I am pretty sure it was the upper arm bone of a duckbilled dinosaur: it probably wasn't a dinosaur but closely related to that. I catalogued it, and took good care of it, and then later when I was in high school; excavated my first dinosaur skeleton. It obviously started earlier than eight and I literally have been driven ever since. I feel I like I was born this way."Homer spent seven years at university, but never graduated. "I have a learning disability, I would call it a learning difference一dyslexia, they call it一and 1 just had a terrible time with English and foreign languages and things like that. For a degree in geology or biology they required two years of a foreign language. There was no way in the world I could do that. In fact, I didn't really pass English. So I couldn't get a degree, I just wasn't capable of it. But I took all of the courses required and I wrote a thesis and I did all sorts of things. So I have the education, l just don't have the piece of paper," he says.C In Montana, in those days, everybody had the right to a college education. His grades at high school had been terrible, at university, his advisers recognised that he was having a hard time, and went on helping. The dean who kept readmitting him, was to give Horner an honorary doctorate years later. As a young non-graduate, Horner wrote to every museum in the English-speaking world, asking for a job. Los Angeles County Museum and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto made offers, but he accepted a post as technician at Princeton University because Princeton, New Jersey.D "We definitely know we are working on a very broad coastal plain with the streams and rivers bordered by conifers and hardwood plants, and the areas in between these rivers were probably fern-covered. There were no grasses at all: just ferns and bushes一an unusual landscape, kind of taking the south-eastern United States一Georgia, Florida一and mixing it with the moors of England and flattening it out," he says. "Triceratops is very common: they are the cows of the Cretaceous, they are everywhere. Duckbilled dinosaurs are relatively common but not as common as triceratops and T rex, for a meat-eating dinosaur, is very common. What we would consider the predator-prey ratio seems really off the scale. What is interesting is the little dromaeosaurs, the ones we know for sure were good predators, we haven't found any of them.”E Which is why he sees T rex not as the lion of the Cretaceous savannah but its vulture. "Look at the wildebeest that migrate in the Serengeti of Africa, a million individuals lose about 200,000 individuals in that annual migration. There is a tremendous carrion base there. And so you have hyenas, you have tremendous numbers of vultures that are scavenging, you don't have all that many animals that are good predators. If T rex was a top predator, especially considering how big it is, you'd expect it to be extremely rare, much rarer than the little dromaeosaurs, and yet they are everywhere, they are a dime a dozen," he says. A 12-tonne T rex is a lot of vulture, but he doesn't see the monster as clumsy. He insisted his theory and finding, dedicated to further research upon it, of course, he would like to reevaluate if there is any case that additional evidence found or explanation raised by others in the future.F He examined the leg bones of the T-rex, and compared the length of the thigh bone (upper leg), to the shin bone (lower leg). He found that the thigh bone was equal in length or slightly longer than the shin bone, and much thicker and heavier. which proves that the animal was built to be a slow walker rather than fast running. On the other hand, the fossils of fast hunting dinosaurs ALWAYS showed that the shin bone was longer than the thigh bone. This same truth can be observed in many animals of today which are designed to run fast: The ostrich, cheetah, etc. G He also studied the fossil teeth of the T-rex, and compared them with the teeth of the Velociraptor, and put the nail in the coffin of the "hunter T-rex theory". The Velociraptor's teeth where like stake knifes: sharp, razor-edged, and capable of tearing through flesh with ease. The T-Rex's teeth were huge, sharp at their tip, but blunt, propelled by enormous jaw muscles, which enabled them to only crush bones.H With the evidence presented in his documentary, Horner was able to prove that the idea of the T-rex as being a hunting and ruthless killing machine is probably just a myth. In light of the scientific clues he was able to unearth,the T-rex was a slow, sluggish animal which had poor vision, an extraordinary sense of smell, that often reached its "prey" after the real hunters were done feeding, and sometimes it had to scare the hunters away from a corpse. In order to do that, the T-rex had to have been ugly,nasty-looking, and stinky. This is actually true of nearly all scavenger animal. They are usually vile and nasty looking.题目及答案Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet,writeTURE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1 Jack Horner knew exactly the bone belonged to a certain dinosaur when he was in father's ranch at the age of 8. FALSE 2 Jack Horner achieved distinctive degree in university when he graduated. FALSE3 Jack Horner is the first man that discovered T-Rex's bone in the world. Not GIVEN4 Jack Horner believes that the number of prey should be more than that of predator. TURE5 T-rex's number is equivalent to the number of vulture in the Serengeti. TURE6The hypothesis that T-rex is top predator conflict with the fact of predator-prey ratio which Jack found. TURE 7 He refused to accept any other viewpoints about T rex's category. FALSEQuestions 8-13 SummaryComplete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.Jack Horner found that T-rex's8 shin bone is shorter than the thigh bone, which demonstrated that it was actually a 9 slow walker unlike other swift animals such as ostrich or 10 cheetah that was built to 11 run fast . Another explanation support his idea is that T-rex's teeth were rather 12 blunt , which only allowed T-rex to 13 crush hard bones instead of tearing flesh like Velociraptor.Passage2新旧情况题材题目题型新文化类英国戏剧的复兴List of heading 标题对应题（7道）Matching分类配对（3道）句子填空题（3道）文章大意英国戏剧中世纪的复兴。首段就说到国王卷土回来，戏剧复兴，有了新形式，连莎士比亚的剧作都有了新元素，罗密欧与朱丽叶都有了happy ending，然后讲了2大剧院的建立，然后接下来的段讲的是舞台的布局，接下来是喜剧成为主流，女演员也加入进来，最后讲悲剧也得到了巨大的发展。真题背景 English Restoration TheatreThe years between 1642 and 1660 (also known as the Interregnum, or period between kings) saw very little theatrical activity in England as the Puritans worked to drive out "sinful" theatre. A law was passed in 1642 that suspended performances for five years. After the law expired, Oliver Cromwell's government passed another law declaring that all actors were to be considered rogues. Many theatres were even dismantled during these eighteen years of stasis.In 1660 Charles II returned to England from his exile in France, restoring the monarchy. This period, known as the Restoration, was a time of renewal for British theatre . The flamboyant Charles II was a huge patron of theatre and helped breathe new life into British drama. A patent was even issued for two new theatre companies. Led by William Davenant, the Duke's Men was for younger performers, while older, more experienced actors were in The King's Company, led by Thomas Killigrew . While the two companies created new opportunities theatrically, their monopoly on performances hampered the growth of British theatre.Shakespeare's use of dramatic structure, especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story, has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical and opera. During the Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garrick's 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, and Georg Benda's operatic adaptation omitted much of the action and added a happy ending. Many scenic innovations developed during the Restoration. One of the most innovative and influential designers of the 18th century was Philip Jacques de Loutherbourg. He was the first designer to break up floor space with pieces of scenery, giving more depth and dimension to the stage. Other designers experimented with lighting by using candles and large chandeliers which hung over the floor of the stage.Usually the playwright was the director of a play, and he held rehearsals from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. When it was the actor's turn to speak, he or she would step forward into a star and speak his or her lines. Actors got paid on how popular they were, and they usually played the same type of roles; for instance, tragic actors always played tragic roles. The female was known as the ingenue and the male was known as the juvenile. Playwrights got the proceeds from the third night's performance and also the sixth night's performance, but only for the original run of the show. Pantomimes would also perform before and after a play.A theatre of note between 1642 and 1800 was The Haymarket Theatre, operated by Samuel Foote. (Foote was given special license to operate in the summertime because of sympathy after he had a freak horsing accident while trying to prove that he wasn't effeminate.) Two eighteenth century writers of comedy were Sheridan who wrote The Rivals and Oliver Goldsmith who wrote She Stoops to Conquer. John Gay authored the popular The Beggar's Opera, updated in the twentieth-century playwright by Bertolt Brecht in The Threepenny Opera.After the Restoration in 1660, Charles II brought an innovative addition to the English theater: women were allowed to take the stage as actresses. The novelty of having women on stage created something of a stir, but for the most part the reaction of the public was positive, especially that of the young men who regularly chose their mistresses from the ranks of the new professionals. Many of the new actresses were women who intentionally used their position to achieve liaisons with titled gentlemen and thus increase their meager income. One of the most famous was of course Nell Gwyn, who became the mistress of Charles II. Another, Elizabeth Barry, outlived her noble patron the Earl of Rochester by several decades, and later enjoyed the reputation of being one of the greatest actresses of the age. Not all actresses used the stage as a market, however: Mrs. Betterton helped manage the highly successful Duke's Company with her husband, training the younger actresses, and her pupil Anne Bracegirdle had the reputation of living a strict moral life.Despite their popularity, women did not enjoy the same status as men in the theater. Their pay did not equal that of their male colleagues, and while many male actors became playwrights, very few women made the transition. One of the few who did, Charlotte Charke, wrote a total of three plays.Except for the plays mentioned, the tragedy of the Restoration has, in the main, only a literary interest, as a survival of the great dramatic period, and as an illustration of foreign influences. The Restoration comedy, however, is a genuine reflection of the temper, if not of the actual life, of the upper classes of the nation; and as such it has a sociological as well as a literary interest. As practised by Shakespeare , English comedy had been romantic in spirit. However seriously it had been concerned with the essentials of human nature, it had had comparatively little to do with the circumstances of actual human life. In Ben Jonson and Middleton , and especially in the latest of the Jacobeans, Shirley, we find more realistic treatment of the setting, the social surroundings, of the play. Following their lead, and stimulated by the example of Molière , the comedians of the Restoration devoted themselves specifically to picturing the external details of life, the fashions of the time, its manners, its speech, its interests. For scene they turned to the most interesting places they knew, the drawing-rooms, the coffee-houses, the streets and gardens of London. Their characters were chiefly people of fashion, and their plots, for the most part, were love intrigues, often borrowed from the French, both developed with clever dialogue. In tendency these plays are, almost without exception, immoral. They represent the reaction of the playgoing public against Puritanism. They are antisocial, in that they represent social institutions, particularly marriage, in an obnoxious or ridiculous light; but they are not romantic or revolutionary. There is in them never an honest protest against institutions, never a genuine note of revolt. Conventions are accepted to be played with and attacked, merely by way of giving opportunity for clever, corrupt talk, or point to an intrigue.部分答案标题对应题A King Charlie restoration ,renaissanceB The two people established the new theatre companiesC theater layoutD new type of perfo