大学英语unit2 word studythe virtues of growing older.doc

Unit 2 Word Study1）worship v. 1. to show respect and love for a god, especially by praying in a religious building. 做礼拜，拜神e.g. We worship regularly at that church. 我们经常在那个教堂做礼拜。 2.to admire and love someone very much 崇敬，敬仰e.g. He absolutely worships her.worship at ones feet e.g. His followers worshiped at his feet. 他的追随者们拜倒在他的脚下。worship the ground somebody walks on: to admire or love someone so much that you cannot see their faults 崇拜得五体投地n. They bowed their heads in worship.c.f. differences in pronunciation between worship & warship 2）convince: v. to bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action 使信服，使确信convince sb of sth./ that-clause be convinced of sth./ be convinced that-clausee.g. You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. convincing & convinced.e.g. Im convinced of her innocence. I had to let him go, because his reasons are very convincing.3）work out to train the body by physical exercise 锻炼身体，做运动e.g. I worked out regularly to keep fit.work sb out 了解，理解（某人性格）e.g. I would never be able to work her out.work sth out 计算，算出; 想出，处理e.g. I couldnt work out where the music was coming from. Iv worked out a new way of doing it.4）aging (ageing): the process of growing old e.g. signs/effects of aging 变老的迹象/影响 aging equipment 老化的设备aged 年老的（前置定语）；岁的（后置定语）【注意两个的读音】e.g. an aged man 老翁 a girl aged six5）dread: vt. to feel great fear or anxiety about 害怕dread sth.: Ive got an interview with the bank manager tomorrow Im dreading it.dread v-ing 害怕做某事: The little girl dreads sleeping alone.dread to do : I dread to think what will happen if she finds out.dread that: He dreaded that his parents would find out.Derivation: dreadful a. Synonym: fear, frighten6）distinct: noticeable; unmistakable 清楚地，明显的e.g. There is a distinct scar on his face. There is a distinct smell of chrysanthemum in this room.Collocation: distinct from sth.: different in kind; separatec.f. distinctive: clearly different or belonging to a different type有特色的,与众不同的= distinct frome.g. Chrysanthemum has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of lily.Derivation: distinction n.- distinctly ad. 7） apt: likely, liable, inclined 可能的 Collocation: be apt to do e.g. Food is apt to go bad in this weather. Infants are apt to put their hands into their mouths. 8）obsess: to preoccupy the mind of excessively 使痴迷，缠住，困扰be obsessed with痴迷于，迷恋于e.g. She is obsessed with the desire to become a great scientist. 她一心想当一名伟大的科学家。A lot of young girls are obsessed with their weight.9）megadose 大剂量mega-: 百万a million - used with units of measurement; extremely; very bige.g. 1000 megawatts of electricityHer family is megarich! a megastore Adj. very big and impressive or enjoyablee.g. Their first record was a mega hit.dose: 剂量e.g. Obviously the patient has been overdosed. Take one dose of this medicine three times a day.每天服三次这种药，每次服一剂量。10）dietv. to limit the amount and type of food that you eat, in order to become thinner 节食e.g. She dieted, went on exercise programs but still didnt attain that perfect figure she was looking for. The doctor told the patient to diet and take some exercise.n. the kind of food that a person or animal eats each day balanced/healthy/poor etc diet 饮食，节食e.g. Bamboo is the panda's staple diet (=main food). He is on a diet to reduce some weight. 他正在节食以减轻体重。 Proper diet and exercise are both important for health.适当的饮食和运动对身体健康都很重要。Collocation: a diet of sth. so much of sth. that you feel boring or unpleasante.g. a constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得令人腻烦的电视连续剧11）be satisfied with 对满意的c.f. satisfied/ satisfactory / satisfyingsatisfied： e.g. We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation. The satisfied boy has just left. satisfactory: good enough, up to the desired standarde.g. The explanation is a satisfactory one. The results are satisfactory.satisfying: enjoyablee.g. It is satisfying to see the boy who had bullied her being punished. After the exam, we treated ourselves to a very satisfying dinner.12）plead to ask for something that you want very much, in a sincere and emotional way = beg 乞求，恳求plead with somebody (to do sth.)e.g. He pleaded with the kidnappers to release his daughter. 他恳求他们释放他的女儿。plead for sth.e.g. The wife of one of the hostages appeared on TV last night to plead for her husbands life.13）freakn. someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject so that other people think they are strange or unusual; a strange happening 怪人，怪事adj. very strange and unusual 奇特的，怪诞的e.g. These glasses make me look like a freak. He was really confused by the freak result. 这个异乎寻常的结果让他非常困惑。 By some freak mistake, I was overpaid this month. 真希奇，这个月多给我钱了。v. freak sb. out to shock, upset , anger or excite sb.e.g. The whole business freaked me out. I didn't mean to freak out everybody with the bad news.14）tailor:v. to fit or provide (a person) with clothes made to that persons measurements; to make, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose e.g. We should tailor our knowledge to the need of the society. 我们应该使自己的知识符合社会的需要。 We can tailor the insurance policy to your special needs. 我们可以根据你的特殊需要设计保险单。 He wears a beautifully tailored suit. 他穿了一套定做的漂亮西装。15) tolerate: v. tolerance (n), tolerant (adj.), tolerable (adj.), intolerable (adj.)If I can be _ of this monstrosity, then there is nothing _ to me. tolerant: adj. allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without criticizing or punishing themtolerant of/towards, a tolerant societytolerable: a situation that is tolerable is not very good, but you are able to accept itThe heat in this room is barely tolerable.16) agony : very severe pain; a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience (极度的)痛苦,创痛e.g. He lay in agony until the doctor arrived. He was in agonies of remorse. I've suffered agonies with toothache.我遭受牙痛之苦。Synonym: distress, anguish17) deny oneself not to allow oneself to have something that one normally has; to decide not to have something that you would like, especially for moral or religious reasons: 克制，放弃e.g. He denied himself all pleasures and luxuries in his effort to live a holy life. To keep slim, she denied herself ice-cream. 为了保持身体苗条，她克制自己不吃冰激凌。Translation:为了省钱给女儿治病，他戒烟了。In order to save money for his daughters medical treatment, he denied himself smoking.deny: to refuse to allow someone to have or do sth. 拒绝e.g. His parents denied him the opportunity to go to university.18) critical adj. very important, essential, urgent; crucial, etc. 决定性的,紧急的e.g. a critical situation, a critical element, etc. The reforms of enterprises are now at the critical moment. 现在企业的改革正处在紧要关头。19) await vt. wait for 等待 (it is a vt.)e.g. The committee is awaiting a decision from head office before it takes any action. It was completely hopeless. They had to await their doom. 希望已绝, 他们只能坐以待毙了。 I am awaiting their reply. 我正在等待他们的答复。 A warm welcome awaits you. 你将受到热烈的欢迎。20) pursue v. to strive to gain or accomplish追求e.g. pursue the enemy追击敌人 pursue pleasure寻欢作乐 pursue one's studies从事研究 She is pursuing her studies at the university. 她在大学深造。 The government is pursuing a policy of non-intervention. 政府正奉行不干预政策。n. pursuit (in pursuit of)e.g. The worlds mad pursuit of fame and fortune sickens me. 世人对名利的疯狂追求令我恶心。 In endless pursuit of virtue and learning.21) take up with sb.: to become friendly with(esp. someone undesirable)交往e.g. She's taken up with an unemployed actor. 她跟一个失业的男演员混在一起。 He has taken up with a rather wild crowd. 一群粗野的家伙22）sanity n. the quality of being sane. 心智健全e.g. His strange remarks planted doubts in our minds about his sanity. 他那些怪话使我们心中生疑，不知他精神是否正常。sane: adj. insanee.g. You went all the way to him in the rain? Thats just insane!23) quirk n. a strange or unusual habit or part of someones character 奇事，怪癖e.g. a quirk sense of humour 怪异的幽默感 She always went for five minutes walk at exactly 10:45 and the robber took advantage of this little quirk. Children often have these little quirks which they overcome in later life.24) contradict v. to be opposite in nature to 同.矛盾, 同.抵触e.g. Don't contradict your father. 别和你父亲犟嘴。 The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报道与我们昨天听到的有矛盾。 The two statements contradict each other. 两种说法相互抵触。n. contradiction adj. contradictorye.g. The advice I received was often contradictory.25) running: made during a process or activity边进行边做的，随时进行的e.g. He couldnt stop to overhaul the engine properly, so he just made a few running repairs. 没法停下来大修引擎，只好一边走一边做一些小修。 His job is to make a running commentary on the football match.现场解说 Keep a running total of your expenses s you go along.26) premise n. basis of argument逻辑前提e.g. I question the premise on which your whole theory is based. premises 建筑物及其周围所属土地 These are premises of the big multi-national company. Beverages sold in this restaurant can only be drunk on the premises. 此餐厅的饮料只供堂饮。 Keep off the premises. 请勿入内。27) contentment n. feeling contented 满意, 知足e.g. They finally found contentment in living a simple life.ant.discontent I finally got a chance to give vent to my discontent at this conference. 在这次会议上我终于有机会一吐胸中的不快。28) contrast对比，比较In contrast to/ with your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. e.g. The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains are extremely cold. comparison vs. contrastcomparison: similaritiescontrast: differences29) hold out 提供，提出e.g. These plans hold out the prospect of new jobs for the area. 这些计划为该地区提供了新的就业机会。 I dont hold out much hope that it will clear up. 我对天气转好不抱太多幻想。Derivation:1. obsess v. - obsessed a. - obsession n. -obsessive a. 爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。Hes always wanted to find his father but recently its become an obsession.沉迷于毒品最终使他致死。The obsessive use of drug eventually led to his death.2. mood n. - moody a. - moodiness n. 我每个星期日情绪都很坏。I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.我的妻子在医院里心情不好。 My wife is moody at the hospital.3. tolerate v. - tolerable a. - tolerant a. 她能忍受寒冷的天气。She can tolerate the cold days.这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。The heat was tolerable at night.4. benefit n. - beneficial a. - beneficiary n. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。This project is of great benefit to everyone.新鲜空气有益于健康。Fresh air is beneficial to our health.她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.5. satisfy v.- satisfaction n. - satisfactory a. 观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.她对现状根本不满意。She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.6. hide v. - hiding n. - hidden a. 她设法不表露自己的感情。She tried to hide her feelings.警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。The police are following a murderer whos in hiding.7. prefer v. - preferable a. - preference n. - preferential a. 我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡。I prefer milk to coffee. (prefer A to B)我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.8. critical a. -critic n.- criticism n. -criticize v. 他的行为招致尖锐的批评。His behavior called forth sharp criticism.他批评了我的冒险活动。He criticized my taking risks.