初中英语：谈疑问词＋动词不定式 的用法.doc

谈疑问词动词不定式 的用法在英语中，疑问词+动词不定式的用法较为普遍，现在将其归纳如下: “疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what which who和疑问副词when how where 等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构在句子中除了不能作谓语外，可做主语、宾语、表语等。例如： 1. She didnt know which bus to take.她不知乘哪路公共汽车。（做动词宾语） We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。（做介词宾语） 2. When to start remains undecided.何时出发，尚未决定。（做主语） 3. The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money.困难是如何尽量少用钱多办事。（做表语） 这种结构相当于一个名词从句，不论它在句子中做什么成分，常常都可用同等成分的从句替代。改为从句时只要在疑问词后面填加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语既可。所以上述几句可分别改成： She didnt know which bus she should take. We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve. When we should start remains undecided. The difficulty is how we ought to do the most of word with the least of money. 当这种结构做宾语的时候，常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain 等动词之后。例如： The dictionary didnt tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word . 那本词典没有告诉那个法国人怎样读那个词。 The teacher showed us how to read a book. . 老师指点我们怎样读书。 She hore Ill advise her which to choose. 她希望我建议她选择哪一个。 Youd better find out where to put these pens. 你最好了解一下应把这些钢笔放在哪里。 另外，值得注意的是在动词know 的后面一般用带疑问词的不定式做宾语： 误：I know to say them in English. 正：I know how to say them in English. 在下面的句子中，含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的，其中的told 有taught的意思，不含有这种结构的，其中的told 有ordered 的意思。例如： The professor told the students how to do the experiment. 这位教授教学生们如何做实验。 The professor told the students to do the experiment at once. 这位教授要学生们立刻做实验。 像这种结构的还可以独立成句。例如： What to do? 怎么办？ How to get rid of the trouble? 如何摆脱困境？