小学英语名词讲解及练习.doc

小学英语名词讲解及练习一、名词的概念： 名词时某个人或物的名称，或是某类人或物的抽象名称。 如：student desk chair water milk 二、名词的分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。    1普通名词   普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类：  个体名词: 表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。    B集体名词: （即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等C物质名词: 表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。    D抽象名词 : 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。     2. 专有名词  : 专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）等。 三、可数名词和不可数名词。    1、可数名词: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。    例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。名词单数变复数变化如下：1词尾直接加 S 如：catcats bagbags daydays2以 S, SH, CH, X 结尾的词加es如：classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes3以辅音加 y 结尾的词变 y 为 i, 加es. 元音加 y 结尾的词直接加 s,如: party-parties    city-cities    story-storiesboy- toys     monkey- monkeys     key- keys 等.4以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 变 f 或 fe 为 v, 加 es,如: wife - wives     half- halves 注意特殊情况直接加“S”，要逐个记 chiefs,handkerchiefs, roofs.5以辅音加 o 结尾的词常 有生命的一般加 es 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 无生命的一般加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, photos名词的复数并不规则变化：单复数同形： sheep -sheep fish-fish deer -deer people -people 特殊变化： man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, foot-feet, child-children, mouse-mice  2、不可数名词    不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work    不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+of+名词。如：a bottle of water,two cups of tea,three pieces of paper    注意事项：1不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用A，AN，但可用THE，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast.2虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice- ten baskets of eggs名词所有格一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格1.单数名词词尾加s， 复数名词如果词尾没有s，也要加s。the boy's bag 男孩的书包Mike's knife 迈克的刀子the children's room 孩子们的房间men's room 男厕所2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加 the students' bags 学生们的书包the teachers' reading-room 教师阅览室3.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加's。如表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加's。如：This is Tom and Jason's room. 这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。These are Tom's and Jason's rooms. 这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。二、.表示无生命物的名词所有格1、如果名词是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。the windows of the house 房间的窗户the title of the song 歌的名字the picture of the family 家庭照片2、在表示名词所有格时，'s结构可以转换成of结构。the girl's name the name of the girl 女孩的名字my father's friend the friend of my father's 我父亲的朋友3、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。Beijing's street 北京的街道today's newspaper 今天的报纸ten minutes' walk 十分钟的路程名词练习一圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 一. 写出下列名词的复数形式1.watch_ 2.class_ 3.shelf_4.dog_ 5.dish_ 6.child_7.nurse_ 8.desk_ 9.boy_10.baby_ 11.tooth_ 12.eye_13.sheep_ 14.tomato_ 15.library_16.goose_ 17.photo_ 18.telephone_二. 填入所给名词的适当形式1. We have three_(pen).2. This is an _(apple).3. Where is the_(pencil)?4. There is a little _ in the bottle(juice).5. Are you a _(driver)? Yes, I am.6. There are a few _(watch)on the desk.7. Many_(shelf)are in our school library.8. He has some_(ink).9. The_(girl)in red is Mary.10. How many_(people)are there in your family? Three.三. 单项选择题( )1.There is _on the table.A. PlateB. a plateC. plates( )2.I can see many _in the garden.A. flowersB. a flower C. flowers( )3.The_on the hills are all white.A. sheepB. sheepsC. dog ( )4.These new_are for you.A. skirtB. shoe C. shirts( )5.The clock has three_A. legsB. legC. faces( )6.They are not in the same_.A. classB. classesC. familys( )7.Is this your_?A. a keyB. keys C. key( )8.They are having_.A. a classB. English class C. Chinese class( )9.There are so many _in the hall.A. peoplesB. peopleC. a people( )10.The_has some nice pictures.A. boysB. teachers C. child( )11.The_are dancing at the party.A. womanB. womenC. man( )12.The _are in Room408.A. studentB. a student C. students( )13.Whos that_? Shes my mother.A. manB. womanC. women( )14.The_are catching the thief.A. policemanB. policemen C. policemans( )15.There are new _in my schoolbag.A.knifeB.knifes C.knives( )16._jacket is it? May be its_.A. Whos; TomsB. What; Toms C. Whose; Toms( )17.The books are the_.A. teachersB. teachers C. teacher()18.There are a lot of children in the park on_ Day.A. children B. ChildrensC. Childrens()19.Is it the twins bedroom? Yes, it is. Its_ bedroom.A. Ann and AnnasB. Anns and AnnasC. Ann and Anna()20.That is _dog.A. TomsB. TomsC. Tom()21._coats are very pretty.A. Jim and TimsB. Jims and TimsC. Jim and Tim()22.They are going to their _home for dinner.A. unclesB. uncleC. uncles()23.The big room is_.A. the twinsB. twinsC. the twins()24.March 8th is_.A. Womans DayB. Womans Day C. Womens Day四. 英汉互译1.一位美国医生_ 2.许多绵羊_3.不同的季节_ 4.一杯牛奶_5.四辆公共汽车 _ 6.集邮_7.十颗香蕉树 _ 8.几只绵羊_9.三名警察_ 10.几片叶子_五. 阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. Its a picture of Mr. Greens family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Greens father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeffs parents love them all very much.( )1.The old man is Lucy and Lilys_.A. fatherB. cousinC. uncleD. grandfather( )2.The Greens have two_.A. brothersB. sistersC. sonsD. daughters( )3.Lucy has_.A. a friend B. a sisterC. a brother D. two sisters( )4.Jeffs father is Lucy and Lilys_.A. UncleB. fatherC. brotherD. grandfather( )5.Lilys mother is a _.A. doctor B. workerC. teacherD. father