上海版牛津初中英语9 A chapter4（被动语态）.doc

Language : passive voiceA Active and passive sentencesB Passive sentences that tell us who or what does somethingC Passive verb forms 课标要求掌握的被动语态构成一般现在时：S+am/is /are +done一般过去时：S+was/were +done一般将来时：S+ will+be+ done现在进行时：S+ am/is/are + being + done现在完成时: S+ have/has + been+ done过去进行时: S+ was/were+being+ done情态动词S+can/may/must+be+done语态转换时所注意的问题 o 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。   We have bought a new computer.  A new computer has been bought. (正确)   A new computer have been bought. (错误)  o 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。如： My aunt invited me to her dinner party.   I was invited to her dinner party (by my aunt ).  The school set up a special class to help poor readers.  A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.   含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。  My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.  I was given a present on my birthday.  如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.  注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。  感官动词和使役动词的被动语态see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。  We often hear him play the guitar.  He is often heard to play the guitar.  The earthquake made the road fall onto another one below.  The road was made to fall onto another one below by the earthquake. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有：  不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。    及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等。例句The baby should be looked after well. The sports meet will be put off  练习1.The young man was often seen _ by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew2. I believe that these mountains _ with trees in a few years time. A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover 3. After the heros story _ on CCTV, many people are learning from him. A. reports B. reported C. was reporting D. was reported4. Mr. Johnsons story _ by everyone who heard it. A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at5. - How beautiful our hometown is! - Yes, trees and flowers _everywhere. A. can be seen B. can see C. be seen D. cant see6. Personal computers _ in 1976. It has changed the whole world. A. have been invented B. are invented C. were invented D. invented 7. - I want to be a doctor. - Doctors _ greatly in every part of the world , I think. A. need B. are needed C. are needing D. will need待添加的隐藏文字内容18. The village is building a school. I hope it _ before August this year. A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished9. I know she wont come to join us unless she _ to. A. tells B. has told C. is told D. was told10. Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998? A. was written by B. was written C. is written by D. is written