The Strategies of Leadin in Middle School English Class毕业论文.doc

【标题】The Strategies of Lead-in in Middle School English Class 【作者】杨真霞 【关键词】导入；策略；重要性；原则；问题 【指导老师】鲁晓权 【专业】英语 【正文】I. IntroductionA. Definition of Lead-in in Middle School English ClassLead-in of teaching is that according to the teaching goals and curriculum, teachers use a variety of teaching media and teaching methods, clarifying learning objectives and requirements, to focus the students attention, stimulate students interest in learning, open the students thinking, triggering learning motivation. It always occurs before the introduction of new teaching contents.Educator said: “Lead-in is that a teacher designs a step to lead in the new teaching content before the start of bringing students into the learning behavior.” It is the whole teaching and learning activities in warm-up activities, designed to give students access to the best condition for the classroom learning in the shortest time. The success of lead-in directly relates to the whole teaching effectiveness. Suitable lead-in allows students to get ready to learn psychologically and intellectually, so that the students can enter a good state, stimulate students interest and desire for knowledge, and thus concentrate on learning new content.B. Importance of Lead-in in Middle School English ClassLead-in is not only the beginning of a lesson, but also the beginning of teachers teaching activities. It directly affects the entire class of teachers teaching effect, and also has a direct impact on the entire class efficiency of students listening to the class. It may not only mobilize and improve students interest in learning, but also make the classroom atmosphere live. It exercises the students speaking, and also inspires the students to use English way of thinking. Therefore, the success of Lead-in directly relates to the students learning effect.A new smart lead-in has a great significance on fostering the students interest in learning and stimulating students learning initiative, autonomy, and the creation of a harmonious teaching and learning situation.C. Purposes of Lead-in in Middle School English ClassFirstly, it should arouse the students passion and interest. In psychologically, the students in teens are always curious about new things. Curiosity is the first motivation to learn language. As an English teacher, this is the first good chance to grasp students interest and desire to learn English. So a successful lead-in means a half success of your class.Secondly, it should get the students to know some information or background about the text. An important goal for the lead-in is to get the students to know some information connected with the new lesson. This can help students grasp the spirit of the text and understand it better.Thirdly, it should materialize the teachers own value. Students are clever. They are sharp at teachers behavior. Its very clear for them to know if the teachers really know well about the topic of the text just from the lead-in. In their eyes, lead-in in middle school English class is also an examination of the teachers knowledge and ability.II. Problems of Lead-in in the Present Middle School English ClassA. The Problem on Time Subject to a number of teaching research papers and books on traditional teaching, many teachers think that lead-in should be controlled in five minutes. The author thinks this is an error in time. Five minutes is not enough to carry out any discussion of a topic, but also not enough to cause students interest and enthusiasm in learning English. Chinese students originally lack the language environment of learning English. If English teacher still behaves in highly scripted, students will lose the last window to learn English national culture. The actual teaching process can be closely interlinked and should not supply the related content of English culture in the middle of the course. So we can say that lead-in is green space on which the students can breathe the fresh air. Preparation may quicken the workers. The teachers can adjust the time of this part according to their own actual situation. Only if the students have the motivation and interest in learning English, is the teaching able to be effective.      For a successful and effective teaching in English class, the lead-in, presentation, understanding, consolidation and the end constitute a whole part and they are indispensable. The timing also should be controlled rationally, but we should not spend too much time for the lead-in in English class, to avoid affecting the entire lessons process. After all, the purpose of the lead-in is to find ways of making students quickly focus attention into the classroom, and arouse their strong desire to learn, create a pleasant learning atmosphere, so that they are willing to learn. If the teacher excessively catches this part, it only will be a waste of time for the main part of teaching, resulting in a bit top-heavy results.B. The Problem on Content Many teachers feel that lead-in should be the right remedy, and the content unrelated to the text can not become the content of lead-in. The author believes relevance and irrelevance is a relative issue. Middle school students are the groups which have the most active mind. If the content of lead-in is always platitude, it can not stimulate students interest in learning, nor to provide them with information that can be absorbed. That will not be able to play into proper artistic effect. Moreover, the materials used by middle school English teachers exist age-old questions in knowledge and information. If only the lead-in is designed closely to the theme of textbooks, the teachers themselves will feel dull.The successful and effective lead-in of classroom teaching must be closely linked to the theme and core, and must be targeted and focused. The scope of discussion about the theme and topic should not be too large, otherwise that will make the lessons center unclear, and unable to arouse the attention of the students. Therefore, the content of the lead-in must be refined selection. Dont insist on lead-in in order to have lead-in.The purpose of the classroom Lead-in is to activate, inspire the students passion and introduce the knowledge, background and teaching purposes. So the teacher should pay attention to the difficulty of the content of lead-in and the English used can not be too difficult. If necessary, the teacher can use the Chinese language to help students understand, to shorten the time on lead-in.C. The Problem on MethodWith the popularity of teaching multimedia, many schools have the conditions for multi-media teaching. Traditional teaching model is considered backward and outdated. Multimedia in the lead-in process is intuitive and can play a lively effect, but that does not mean that traditional ways are undesirable. Sometimes the traditional modes of teaching are more human and easier to communicate between the teachers and the students. When we use the multi-media teaching methods, we still should be able to effectively combine traditional teaching methods, and make the two methods complementary each other to complete successfully the part of the lead-in.For different teaching contents and teaching purposes, as well as the different characteristic students and classes, if the teachers always use several old-fashioned ways of lead-in, it will make students feel dull, and unable to get the same teaching effect. Lead-in should be varied because of the different people, place and time, according to the actual situation in a flexible manner. Therefore, we should remember that the way of lead-in is not fixed, and should not be applied mechanically.For some Middle school in village, some teachers do not attach importance to lead-in and directly go to the theme at the beginning of the class. They still do not know that if the students also stay in the excitement with the other students laughing and playing at the beginning of the class. If the teacher immediately enters a new teaching content, the effect will not be desirable. Lead-in is to get the students attention back to the classroom, so that they can get ready to learn, and actively participate into the English teaching activity.Some teachers make the Lead-in as a mere formality and just casually say a few words. This lead-in is like warm water, and tasteless. Every step in the class is interlocking. Well-designed lead-in should summary the knowledge point of the last lesson and at the same time penetrates the focus on teaching a new lesson, and fully reflect the continuity of knowledge. Therefore, although the time of lead-in has only a few minutes, the teachers also need careful preparation and design.     III. Characteristics and Principles of Lead-in in Middle School English ClassA. Characteristics of Lead-in in Middle School English ClassIn an English class, the Lead-in should be the first step. The saying goes: “A good start is a half of the success.”1 If the teacher would like to get good effect in English teaching, he must pay special attention to lead-in .Therefore, there are some characteristics of lead-in in middle school English class.1. PertinenceIn class lead-in, the teacher should pay attention to the pertinence. According to the different teaching contents and students, the teacher should design different ways of lead-in. But the premise is to raise the attention of the students and make clear the purpose of classroom teaching. Of course, dont lead in just only for Lead-in. Lead-in aims at mobilizing the enthusiasm of the students, and highlighting in the main teaching content, making clear the purpose of classroom teaching, and preparing for the new class.2. EnlightenmentClass lead-in should pay attention to enlightening. Modern educational theory suggests that the students are the subjects of learning. In the teaching process, teachers should fully develop the students initiative and enthusiasm in the learning process, inspire the students thinking, and create a relaxed and harmonious learning atmosphere for students to make the students become the masters of learning. For middle school students, they show a strong performance in a certain capacity. In the class teaching, the teacher can make the way of asking questions, talking freely, discussing as the Lead-in of classroom teaching. In this way, it can inspire the students thinking, and also develop the language speaking skills of students.3. IntuitivenessClass lead-in should pay attention to intuitiveness. Psychological practice has proved that if the memorizing material can be directly manipulated or become targets of the activity, the effect of memorizing will be better. At present, Chinese students learn English in a lack of language environment. So the teachers should make full use of the existing condition of teaching facilities, the use of textbooks, teaching materials, and create an environment which is favorable for language learning as much as possible.In English teaching on weekdays, in order to allow students to learn actively and lively, the teacher can use an intuitive way, namely the adoption of specific objects, pictures, stick figures, photographs, slides, sound recordings, video, VCD and other means. An intuitive means can be clearer than the verbal descriptions and make it easier to arouse the curiosity of students.4. NoveltyClass lead-in should pay attention to novelty. Now the students can easily absorb the new things and new information. They have a curious sense of new things, and eager to find out. Therefore, the new and creative information can more attract students interest. The more novel the materials, the more people concerned. The more close to student life, the students will be more interested in participating in the class, and the results will be better.5. InterestClass Lead-in should pay attention to the interest. Suhomlinski said: “The start of teaching point firstly is to stimulate the students interest and aspirations in learning.”2 From psychological perspective, interest is a good mood which is generated in the process of learning about the things. This mental state will encourage learners to actively seek knowledge and find out the things, ways and means, and demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility and strong spirit of inquiry. Therefore if class lead-in is full of interest, the students will be studying as a kind of spiritual enjoyment, and thus can be more consciously active in learning.6. DiversityThe methods of teaching lead-in are diverse, but we are also facing the different teaching subjects who are different levels in their learning, so the teacher should design the kinds of lead-in according to the actual situation in a flexible use. But as long as the method of work is able to stimulate students interest and curiosity, expand students thinking, mobilize the enthusiasm of students, it should be regarded as validity. The old saying says: “learn the new things from reviewing.”3 It is the most commonly used method that leads the new lesson from the relevant content of the old class. By using the form of questions closely related to the new lesson, from simple to difficult, from thin to deep, the teacher uses one or a few issues to spark out of the students thinking naturally and smoothly. And the students accept the new lesson happily. And the transition is also very natural. This approach allows students to consolidate what they had learned, easy to logically link the old and new knowledge to facilitate the teaching of teachers to carry out step by step.B. Principles of Lead-in in Middle School English Class The development of anything is dominated by specific regulations. The various steps of English teaching are also dominated by their own principles. The following are some principles of lead-in.1. Relating to the Content of the New Lesson and the Students Real LifeLead-in is the important step in the entire classroom teaching and by no means exists in isolation. Lead-in must be served for the whole class. When the teachers in designing lead-in can not be open-ended, but are sure to organically combine the way and the content of the Lead-in with the content of the new lesson.The teacher should select some practical details or well-known knowledge areas linked to the lessons learned, and then give their own views. The lead-in can not only be accepted and welcomed by the students, but also give smoothly the introduction of relevant lessons to learn.2. Controlling the TimeFor the entire system of the English class, the lead-in is not and can not be the main body, and it is just only a prelude. So the time of Lead-in should be moderately allocated, not be overwhelming and should be normally controlled within 3 to 5 minutes. However, lead-in should be given in rational time according to the different content of the lesson and the different students.3. Improving the English Tea