Chinese classical garden中国园林英语论文.doc

Chinese classical gardenGarden culture takes very important part in Chinese culture in both ancient people and modern people Key word： History Elements The classical gardens of SuzhouChinese garden, and its associated garden culture are expressions of Chinese vernacular landscape architecture aesthetics. Several cultural factors to form Classical Chinese Gardens and make it distinctive include Neolithic shamanism(萨满教), Geomancy（撒土占卜）, Confucianism and Taoism. Chinese garden has long history。Since Shang Dynasty，The royal park was designed as a raised platform surrounded by lush vegetation in the palace where feasts were held.Successive dynasties expanded this idea into imperial hunting parks with scenic compositions of rocks and plants.Warring States，Tiger Hill (Chinese: 虎丘) was built The ultimate realization of the power aesthetic was realized by Qin Shihuang who turned the entire Wei Valley into a regional park dotted with 300 palaces connected by raised walkways in a microcosmic model of the universe.When the history turns to Western Han Dynasty Upper-Forest Garden (上林园). This park combined the features of relax. Kunming Lake with a recreation of the three fairy islands in the center, a motif that would become a common feature of later designs. Natural elements Eastern Han Dynasty An aesthetic of elegant simplicity was promoted to match an ethic of moderation. The idea of small is beautiful became the new measure of a garden's success. Small and simpleDevelopment Tang Dynasty : multiplied number Song Dynasty : high art It was at this time Suzhou became the center of all intellectual life and garden design in China.Ming Dynasty : peakQing Dynasty : degeneration ostentation and ornament (炫耀，装饰)Elements The design of Chinese gardens was to provide a way to come back to one's inner heart, to come back to ancient idealism. Chinese gardens are a place they could be far away from their real social lives, and close to the ancient way of life, their true selves, and nature. This was an escape from the frustration and disappointment of the political problems in China. The garden scenes are all constructed to be best viewed from a pavilion or a path. It is the location of the building; however, that determines the circulation of paths. The path itself can become architectonic by the addition of roof and screen walls. These screen walls often have moon-shaped doorways and small windows in the shapes of vases and apples.The sculptural Taihu rock is especially prized because it represents wisdom and immortality, and is only procurable from Tai Lake. Such rocks, combined with streams and pools, form the basis of a garden's plan. The softness of water offsets the solidity of the rocks, while also acting to reflect the constantly changing sky above. Goldfish, carp(鲤鱼), and mandarin ducks are three of the most commonly raised fauna. The goal of the design is to make the scenery beautiful, the surrounding is quiet and cool, Also, small fountains were a favorite.Bamboo represents a strong but resilient character. Often pine is used to represent longevity, persistence, tenacity and dignity. Flowering peaches are grown for spring color, and sweet olive as well. Peonies symbolize wealth and banana trees are used simply for the sound they make in the breeze. UNESCO World Heritage SiteHumble Administrators Garden拙政园 Lingering Garden留园 Master of the Nets Garden网师园 Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty环秀山庄 Great Wave Pavilion沧浪亭 Lion Grove Garden狮子林 待添加的隐藏文字内容1 Garden of Cultivation艺圃 Couples Retreat Garden偶园 Retreat & Reflection Garden退思园Refence :中国古典园林分析 彭一刚著/1986-12-01/中国建筑工业出版社 园庭信步中国古典园林文化解读 曹林娣著/2003-05-01/中国建筑工业出版社