Character Culture and History中国文化英语论文 汉字文化与历史.doc

Character Culture and HistoryChinese characters is the most ancient text in the world, it is also the only ideograms in the world today. During the development of Chinese characters, it goes from numerous to Jane, from drawing sex to symbolic. But no matter how it changes, the inner spirit of Chinese characters does not change, it has been traced to inheritance and development with a vigorous vitality. However, in modern times, Chinese characters has been suffer much impact, but on the one hand, Chinese characters has been maintained her nature, on the other hand, it absorb the strengths of the other text industriously so as to make Chinese standing in the east of the world for ever.1: The development and evolution of Chinese characters The Chinese characters is the most ancient text in the world, the latest record is in shang periods , in that time there were a complete system of oracle bone inscriptions it states oracle bone inscriptions is just the flow of Chinese characters but not the original of Chinese characters, the origin of Chinese characters should also be more earlier. We don't know the exact time of the origin of Chinese characters , concrete process is also in the debate, it is unable to agree. There are many statements of the origin, but no matter which is right, Chinese characters is the Chinese nation create by own, crystallization of the wisdom of our ancestors is. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancestors. So we believe the Chinese characters is one of the greatest invention in the history . Chinese characters is also the only ideograms in the world today. There are many theories of word building. The first appeared should be pictographic character, not only Chinese characters , many other characters began from pictographic character. It is the reaction of mankind to nature. But not all word can be draw from picture, so later appeared instructions and understand. It expanded the scope of Chinese characters greatly , at the same time, it make Chinese characters from graphical to symbol .along with the progress of the society and the expansion of production, the speed of Chinese characters made can't keep up with the development of thinking and language. So hypocrisy words.hypocrisy words is the inevitable result of social development, it is also the key of challenging . Other ancient characters turned to the alphabet writing after the appear of hypocrisy words , but our Chinese characters doesn't change . Our ancestor created another word named phonogram . The emergence of phonogram characters to make Chinese characters eventually setting up, it make Chinese almost impossible to develop to phonetic script. At the same time, Chinese characters have also experienced several changes , it's generally believe, that is jinwen and dazuan, xiao zhuan, official script, regular script, running and cursive. Before the official script ,they are ancient stages, the words are very complex, it had been controversial. The words from official script is concise , most people can accept it. So official script's appearance is very important .Official script began to grow up from Qin. Qin shihuang united China, but his greatest contribution is "书同文". Because the unity of the text makes the China was basically keeps in the unity, united situation. Of course at first qin united xiao zhuan,not official script, but xiao zhuan's appearance led to the unity of the official script directly . Official script weakens the image mean of the Chinese characters , but greatly improves the characters of the symbolic, it also make the Chinese characters become more united and simplified. The most important contribution is easy to identify and writing. After the founding of new China, Chinese characters was simplified by us, this is the second time to use of administrative means to tidy Chinese characters after qin . There are eight ways to Simplify Chinese characters ,they are following keep outline,section instead of the whole and so on. These methods have exist in the ancient time , and it is not simplified at will. The effect of the characters after simplified is obvious, at least it can reduce the quantity of illiteracy . But traditional Chinese characters still has a very big market in the modern . Qinshihuang's "书同文" is proved to be a great progress by history, the meaning of the characters after simplified will needs to be examined by history. In the development of Chinese characters, the total trend is becoming from numerous to concise, from drawing sex to symbolic. The result of the simplified is making the Chinese character popular. The results of the symbolic is rich, it makes Chinese characters can express or record more rich and colorful social life. But no matter how development changes, the inner spirit of Chinese characters is not change, it is the ideographic nature of Chinese characters . No matter which Chinese characters in the history , they are contain the ideographic nature from beginning to end, ideographic sex is the essential features of the difference of Chinese characters and other test. The beauty of Chinese characters, can't be distrusted .2: A variety of reality challenge during the evolution of the Chinese characters In ancient times, although the Chinese did not believes in theology fanatically, but we embrace our words absolutely, almost no one doubted characters for thousands of years . But in modern times, Chinese characters have been suffered unprecedented impact along with the national recession. However, stanch Chinese characters through after all this serious challenge, the old and new characters are still standing on the east of earth.待添加的隐藏文字内容2 Chinese characters meet the first challenge is alphabet writing. when the late qing dynasty was forced into the world, a lot of western language with foreign goods into China, because the Chinese characters is ideograms,in the pronunciation of words so intuitive than pinyin, and it is difficult to write ,at that time Chinese characters is exclusive.In order to save the country, many scholars wholesale westernization, including alphabetization . Lu Husn said unbelievable"Chinese character is eternal, the country will perish." The debate of Chinese characters alphabetization lasted for a long time, and the alphabetization and comments even lasts the china founding .But Chinese characters didn't destroy, and China did not perish. But the issue is really promoting the Chinese for the reflection of phonetic Chinese characters. Although the single syllable is harmony, we lack of good methods for Chinese phonetic . So Chinese characters have the tradition of nourished from foreign language. At that time, it appeared a variety of schemes for phonetic by the influence of the western alphabetic writings.The greatest scheme is a set of "phonetic alphabet", in addition to writing different, the phonetic system is close to Chinese pinyin scheme, and it have direct connection with Chinese characters, so it was very popular at that time. Now, dictionary also uses “ phonetic alphabet" and Chinese pinyin phonetic scheme for the Chinese characters. In February 1958 , the plan of Chinese phonetic alphabet was passed by the National People's Congress, instead of "phonetic alphabet". The implementation of the plan promotes the popularization of mandarin.Soon after, another threat challenge is coming up, that is the Chinese computer input. If it can't use computer to deal with Chinese character information, that is doomed to be eliminated by modernization. To Chinese characters, it is almost a matter of life and death. The computer is for English input of the design, the various of Chinese characters fonts complex and many similar words are the bottleneck of restricting Chinese character coding . But we can not ignore the fact : the number of total Chinese characters is on the increase, but the common characters remains unchanged. The 1980 s China announced the number of common words is 2500, the coverage is 97.97%, times the four phases is 1000, both cover 99.48%, among which the 42 words most commonly used reaches 25% of coverage. It shows most of the Chinese characters is not used but sleeping in the dictionary, it is very important for character coding. Chinese character coding problem is quickly resolved after the Chinese own efforts. In addition ,Chinese character input have many characteristics, it proves ancient Chinese characters have tenacious vitality. again. In a word, the traditional is not an immutable thing, but a process of development". The development of Chinese characters is always growing , it has a broad mind.On the one hand, it has always kept their essence, on the other hand,it has the courage to absorb the strengths of the other languages. We certainly don't want to see the Chinese characters as an art exists only in museum of some authentic or artifact, also don't want to see the Chinese character only as a foreign Sinologist and China Sinologist studied. As a foreign people said: "the world has a great country, her every word is a beautiful poem, a beautiful painting, you should study well. The country is China."