Green Barriers Trade & Chinese International Trade商务英语论文.doc

Green Barriers Trade & Chinese International TradeAbstract The green trade barrier is one kind of non-tariff measures, which utilizes environment standards and codes to establish obstacles to free trade. In recent years, Green trade barrier has been the most deep bulwark to the free trade between the international trade field. It has made big bad influence to Chinese production export. This article wants to research why our our production export usually suffers developed counties' green trade barriers, and under the WTO framework what should we do to aviod the Green trade barrier, settle the trade impact because of it, anduse Green Bulwark rationally to protect environment, human and creature's health, and raise our export trade.Key words green trade barriers ; export trade ; suggestions IntroductionFaced with the irreversible trend of trade liberation under the World Trade Organization , both tariffs and non-tariff barriers are removed one after another. The Green Barrier to Trade, an important component of Technical Barrier to Trade , is becoming more and more important and has thus attracted attentions from across the world. The Green Barrier to Trade, also known as Environmental Barrier to Trade, entails ecological environment protection andhuman health consciousness together with import restriction against foreign nations. As such, the developed nations have implemented a series of complicated and tough measures, or green barriers trade, against the developing nations. However,technical standards and quarantine are not considered barrier to trade. Actually, technical standards and quarantine more or less mirror the difference between various nations in terms of technical development and ecological standards (especially between the developed nations and the developing nations). Furthermore, the importing nations implement their technical standards and quarantine to restrict imports.There are two types of barriers to trade tariffs and non-tariff barrier (as shown by Table 1). WTO has held multi-summits one after another since 1990s. A number of trade liberation rules and agreements were signed ever since. Meanwhile, both tariffs and non-tariff barriers are being removed one after another as time elapsed. Faced with the fierce competition in the international markets, more and more nations are using green barriers trade as non-tariff barrier.In this connection, green barriers trade is considered the most powerful tool to protect domestic markets by restricting imports from other nations.Green barriers trade has not been defined precisely by the theorists up until now. In this study, green barriers trade is defined as a wide array of environment protection ordinances, strict environment technical standards, environment protection quality administration, and certification system designed to protect the domestic industries or to launch trade retaliation in compliance with the global trend in consideration of the deteriorating natural environments, social environments, and trade environments throughout the world and thereby protect the natural resources, ecological environments, human beings health, animal & plants safety, and life quality.Influences on Chinese international tradeBecause the world economics are not balanced, the developed country often surpasses the developing nation to the environmental protection standard and the understanding. The developed country protects using the green implements it to the developing nation restraint of trade and the discrimination behavior, causes the developing nation the product to repel outside the world market. Our country occupied the development phase, the green protects to our country product exportation already has the very tremendous influence.(1) pair of product exports the market scope the influence In 1995 the our country main foreign trade exported the markets Hong Kong, Japan, US, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,Taiwan Province, South Korea and so on, approximately composed ourcountry foreign trade total export to their exportation share 4/5.This indicated our country exports the market mainly to concentrate inthe developed country and the partial emerging industrialized countryand the area. These countries most all are the World Trade Organization and the environment committee's members, the environmental protection motion start early, the result is big, thepublic environmental protection realizes strongly, the environmental protection technology is situated the world front row, at present entered the environmental protection law enforcement stage from the environmental protection legislation. If these countries and the area rely on oneself in the environmental protection aspect superiority, requests vigorously in the World Trade Organization the trade and the environment two close suspension hooks, and the formulation to the developing nation too harsh unified environment standard, this will cause our country product to export the market scope faced with the possibility which will reduce.(2) pair of product exportation rate of rise influence In 1994 our country industry finished product exportation amounted to 101.33 billion US dollars, accounted for the total export proportion 83.7%, mechanical and electrical product exported 32 billion US dollars, grew 40.9% compared to the last year, was higher than the total export rate of rise 6%, in 1995 our country mechanical and electrical product total export is 43.86 billion US dollars, grew 25 times compared to ten years ago, achieved 29.5% in the total export proportion, became our country first big kind of prop commodity. Our country took a developing nation, will speed up the mechanical and electrical product exportation is next our country expands the foreign trade, will advance into row of the world trade powerful nation inevitably choice and the important backing. But faces one of difficulties is the developed country formulation product import standard, for example the antifouling standard, the noise standard,the electromagnetic radiation standard and so on, entered thedeveloped country market for the our country mechanical and electrical product to increase the difficulty. Moreover, the Uruguay round of negotiations final indorsement document not only contains the industrial product trade, moreover also includes aspect the and so on agricultural product trade, service trade, intellectual property rights and investment environmental protection question. If the developed country recklessly advances the environment barrier in the new multilateral free trade system, take protects our country market to enhance the product as the goal the environment standard, regarding will realize our country to speed up the exportation the strategic target to have the influence, the product exportation rate of rise inevitably slows down.（3）pair exports the product cost and the enterprise benefit influence The environment barrier formulation implementation inevitably can involve the product from to produce to sells and even discards processing each link. It requests the environmental science, the ecology science principle to utilize the product process and so on in production, processing, preserve, transportation and sale, thus forms a complete non- environmental damage, the non- pollution environment management system. Therefore product in circulation process,manufacturer in order to achieve the import country's the environment standard, can not but increase the related environmental protection the examination, the test, authenticates and signs and so on the procedure and produces the related expense. The product outward appearance decoration, will export the label and the commodity advertisement also makes the large scale adjustment. Therefore, exports product each kind of middle expense and additional charges increasing, causes our country at present to export the production cost which the product will rise day by day further to enhance. As exports the product production enterprise the economic efficiency therefore will come under the influence.（4）pair of bilateral or multilateral trade relations influence In recent years, the developed country take protected the environment frequently to take the unilaterally trade measure as,limited the foreign product the import, increased day by day from this initiation both sides or the multilateral trade friction. European Union and the North America free trade area these two wide ranges economic organization member basically all is the developed country,their environmental protection level and the environmental protection standard approximately approach, few member nation existences disparities also are tending to the coordination. Therefore the developed country could through the region free trade form, take be lower than the region environment standard as by the future from outside region product, including Chinese product repel outside giant region market. And the group tendency unceasingly strengthens alongwith the world economics region, China also can inevitably with other developed countries or the regional economic organization because the environment question has both sides or the multilateral trade friction. Chinas Strategy to Green Barriers Not all green thresholds will become trade barriers. What important is how to deal with it.1. The legal countermeasures to greet the green barriers(1) Go over the objectives, principles, agreements and protocols about the environment and trade of WTO and other international organizations;(2) Using the experience of foreign green trade systems establishment for reference, establish Chinese characteristic green trade system;(3) Promote the legalization and the standardization of the green products exporting, and promote China's trade system integrating with the international trade system.2. The political countermeasures to greet the green barriers(1) Increase the green industry investment;(2) Popularize green marks and IS14000 etc. international general standard authentication system, implement green product strategy, bring the authentication product's demonstration and guidance function into full play, and guide Chinese export towards to ecological environment green direction. (3) Facing the rise of green consumption and green trade barriers, our Chinese enterprises must maintain clean production. Develops clean production has great impetus for enterprises to obtain environmental label authentication.(4) Strengthen the environmental protection education.3. Industrious countermeasures to break through the green barriersThe development of green industry, which reflects a countrys value degree of environmental protection and environmental level, is a countrys economy, technology, science, well-being etc. general strengths in miniature. Our country should face the international market, establishing developing targets and keystones of green industry. Cultivate green industry into new growth point which can drive national economic development.4. Foreign trading counter measures to break through green barriers(1) Boycott trading protectionism firmly.(2) Positively participate in the international environmental protection organizations and trade organizations related activities and negotiations, expend chinas influence on some international environmental protection legislation and the trade legislation, and prevent the attempt to carry out trade protectionism by abusing environmental protection laws and regulations and the trade treaties.(3) Under the fund technology permission, we can invest in foreign countries, cross the green barriers erected by developed countries.5. Erect our own green barriers(1) Erect our own green barriers(2) As occasion required, with the aid of national environmental standard system, protect Chinese environmental interests and enterprises just trade rights according to international trade practice.(3) Take the retaliatory measure as appropriate.待添加的隐藏文字内容1IV ConclusionsAt the time that the environments are deteriorating, human beings are becoming more and more aware of the issues related to environment protection. Meanwhile, economic development continues and living standards continue to be upgraded. As such, human beings are becoming increasingly aware of the health and safety issues. As a result, a series of environment protection measures were implemented in response to the consumers demands; more and more governments are faced with the mounting pressure. Therefore, the trade policies are prepared to serve the environment goals and, consequently, there are more and more restrictions and import/export bans designed to protect environment. The imported products have to meet the environment protection standards. Eventually, the trade was affected directly, the environment costs were internalized, and the commoditys costs increased consequently. These restrictions and standards are designed to solve the environment issues and to enhance trade development at the same time. In this connection, the International Environment Protection Convention and WTOs “Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade” serve as the green laws for the international trade and stand behind green barriers trade. Green barriers trade has imposed significant and far-reaching influence on the international trade. green barriers trade has eliminated the contaminative products one after another, encouraged eco-friendly products to be traded internationally to enhance the environment protection and human beings health, and thereby changed the comparative advantages and commoditys structure. Apparently, green barriers trade safeguards the worldwide ecological environment, protects human beings lives and health, and enhances safety for human beings and animals & plants. Thanks to the latest eco-friendly technologies and new processes, technological knowledge is becoming more and more important for the products. V ReferencesZhou Yong,(2008) International Business English -Theory and Practiceshttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_barrierThe Study on the Green Barrier to Trade under the Multi-Trade System Dr. Chen-Kuo Lee and Tony Chen, Ling Tung University, Taiwan李萍 绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响与对策，经济特区，2003梁辉煌，绿色贸易壁垒之成因分析南财经高等专科学院学报，2003