冠词和数词-ppt课件.ppt
冠词,一、冠词,冠词,1.不定冠词：a/an,2.定冠词：the,3.零冠词：固定搭配（5类情况）,4.冠词用法比较（3组）,1、不定冠词,a 用于以辅音音素，半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词特殊：u 开头的单词（useful、usual、USA、European、unique、uniform）an 用于以元音音素开头的单词（a,e,i,o,u/）特殊：honor、hour、honest 发的第一个音是元音,1、不定冠词用法,1.不定冠词a和an的用法(1)a 用在以辅音音素开始的名词前；an用在以元音音素开始的名词前。如：an apple a bed(2)表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，没有one强烈。如：I have a new bag.(3)用于第一次提到的和泛指的单数可数名词前。如：There is a book on the desk.Do you have a ruler?(4)用于某些固定词组中如:have a good time a lot of have a look,2、定冠词用法the,特指某些人或物：e.g.:The book is helpful.指前面提到过的人或物：e.g.：I saw a book on the desk.The book is hers.宇宙中独一无二的东西：e.g.：The sun is very big.4.用于形容词最高级前：e.g.:This apple is the biggest in the basket.用于序数词前：e.g.：Lily got the first prize in the contest.,2、定冠词用法,6.用于江、河、海洋、山脉等名词前：长江，黄河7.由普通名词构成的专有名词前：e.g.：the Peoples Republic of China the Great Wall8.用于姓前，表示（一家人），动词用复数形式e.g.：The Smiths are at home.9.用于乐器名词前：e.g.：play the piano,2、定冠词用法,10.the+形容词，表示一类人e.g.:The young are very happy.11.the+比较级，the+比较级结构e.g.:The more you eat,the fatter you will be.12.固定搭配：P46,3、零冠词,1、交通工具，通讯工具前by bus/train/plane/subway/bike/ship2、一日三餐前 have breakfast/lunch/dinner3、日期、月份、季节、节日前 on Monday 4、称呼或表头衔的名词前Mum，where is my hat?Aunt Zhang.5、棋类、球类运动的名词前 play basketball/chess6、某些习惯用语前e.g.：go to bed,go to school,go to town,at home8.国名、地名、人名等专有名词前不用冠词 eg:in Zhuzhou in China 7.名词前已有做定语用的代词时，不再用冠词。e.g：This is my bag.Those are your books.,4、冠词用法比较,In hospital 住院In the hospital 在医院里（看病，探病，工作）In bed 卧病在床In the bed 坐在床上（看书，看电影）At table 吃饭At the table 在桌边（写字，玩游戏）,Exercise:选择题1.There is ruler in pencil box.Pencil-box is Ping Ping s.A.a;the;The B.the,the,The C.a;the;A2.boys are twins.They look same.A./;/B.The;A C The;the3.Wang Ping isnt Chinese boy.He is English boy.A.a;an B.an;an C.an;a4.She has got _ long hair and big eyes.A.a,two B.the,the C./,/5.Look！cat is eating fish.A.a B.The C.an,A,C,A,C,B,6.ball under the desk is mine.A./B.The C.A7.Let me have look.A.a B./C.the8.Look,moon is round.A.a B./C.the9.l like summer better than winter.A./;the B./;/C the;/10.When is your birthday?Its 14th of August.A.a B.the C./,B,A,C,B,B,冠词练练练,请填入适当的冠词1.I had _ lunch with _ friend of mine.2.-Where is Mom？-Shes taking _ walk in _ garden.3.Mike is going to _ school tomorrow for _ first time.4.This is _ shortest way to _ Science Museum.5.There is _“L”and _“n”in the word“long”.6._ English-Chinese dictionary is _ useful tool.,/,a,a,the,the,the,the,the,an,an,an,a,数词,概念,数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词，如：one，ten,fifteen 等；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词，如：fifth,second,twelfth等。,一.基数词的构成,1）112,独立成词。one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2）13-19,由39+teen构成。14fourteen 16-sixteen 17-seventeen 19nineteen 特殊拼写:13 thirteen 15-fifteen 18eighteen 3）2090,以-ty结尾。20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty 60sixty 70seventy 90ninety 4）2199，两位数，十位与个位之间有“”。21 twenty-one 55 fifty-five 99 ninety-nine 5）101999，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加 and。101 one hundred and one 840 eight hundred and forty 693 six hundred and ninety-three,英语中常用的基数词有：1000one(a)thousand,10000 ten thousand,100000one hundred thousand,1000000one million,10000000ten million,100000000one hundred million,108one hundred and eight,146one hundred and forty-six,500five hundred,1001one thousand and one,1813one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.,29,431,500,7,6,thousand,hundred,million,billion,and,6)1，000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为thousand,million,billion，注意：这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加and。,7）表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred,thousand,million等数词后不能加-s,如five hundred,six thousand,seven million8）当hundred,thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。如：thousands of students,millions of trees.,2、“基数词+名词”的合成形容词作定语，中间有连字符“”,当中的名词用单数。a 3 year old girl a seven-day holiday 注：这种结构中名词不能用复数，同时只能作定语。用作表语时，不用连字符，名词有复数。如：Tony is 10 years old this year.Tony is a 10-year-old boy.,3、表计量-“基数词+度量单位+形容词”The classroom is 7 meters long,6 meters wide and 3 meters high.,4、表示时刻(介词用at)1)顺读法-先时后分,“几点几分”9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3)15分钟：a quarter 30分钟：a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve,2)逆读法-先分后时 表示“几点过几分”，半小时以内，介词用past 分钟数+past+钟点数 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“几点差几分”，半小时以上，介词用to 60减原分钟+to+(下一个)钟点数 9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,What is the time?,six/six oclock,four o five/five past four,seven fifteen/a quarter past seven,nine twenty/twenty past nine,nine thirty/half past nine,six forty/twenty to seven,三、序数词的构成,1)13,first,second,third。2)419,相应基数词+th,特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。3)2090,y变成ie+th,如twentieth。4)2199,只把个位的基数词变成序数词 如twenty-first。5)序数词缩写数字最后两字母 如1st,2nd,3rd,4th,基变序,有规律,一、二、三，特殊记，面目全非要注意，加th从4起，八少“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，(five,twelve)见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，(twenty,thirty,ninety)若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。,(序数词构成规律),(1)序数词作定语，前面要加the；The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.(2)有时加a/an，“再一”，“又一”的意思Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speakThey had a second child in 1988,四、序数词的用法,五、数词的用法 1、编号表示法,编号在前，名词在后，用序数词，前面有the编号在后，名词在前，用基数词，注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读,The First Lesson（在句子中不大写）Lesson One,the thirty-second pagePage 32/Page Thirty-two,Room 305,Bus No.42,第一课第32页第305房间第42路公共汽车,
