被动语态专题.ppt

1,被动语态,passive voice,2,Q&A:,a.语态是什么？,b.语态有几种？,The slaves built the Great Pyramids long long time ago.,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,主动句：,被动句：,The Great Pyramids was built(by the slaves)long long time ago.,主语,谓语,by+执行者,状语,3,Passive voice1.被动语态的概念,4,主动语态:主语是动作的执行者,I wrote a letter to my father last night.,被动语态专题,我昨晚给父亲写了一封信,5,被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,A letter was written to my father by me last night.,I wrote a letter to my father last night.,被动语态专题,6,被动语态：(Passive Voice),1.构成,be+过去分词,2.功能 表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。,被动语态专题,7,I wrote a letter to my father last night.,A letter was written to my father by me last night.,被动语态专题,8,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 情态动词,常见时态：,被动语态专题,9,现以do 为例将被动语态常用时态列举如下：,情态动词：一般将来时：过去将来时：,must/may be donewill/shall be donewould/should be done,被动语态专题,10,一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：,am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehas/have been donehad been done,被动语态专题,11,一般现在时,被动语态专题,12,主动句：Helen tidies up her room every day.,被动语态专题,被动句：,肯定句：Her room is tidied up(by Helen)every day.,否定句：Her room isnt tidied up every day.,疑问句：Is her room tidied up every day?,海伦每天整理她的房间,13,Candy doesnt make English lessons so interesting.,English lessons are not made so interesting.,被动语态专题,主动句：,被动句：,14,一般过去式,被动语态专题,15,They bought those radios in different shops.,肯定句：Those radios were bought by them in different shops.,被动语态专题,主动句：,被动句：,否定句：Those radios werent bought by them in different shops.,疑问句：Were those radios bought by them in different shops?,他们在不同的商店买了那些收音机。,16,He broke the mirror yesterday.,The mirror was broken by him yesterday.,被动语态专题,他昨天把镜子打碎了,17,一般将来时,被动语态专题,18,They will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.,The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.,被动语态专题,主动句：,他们明天将开运动会。,被动句：,肯定句：,否定句：,The sports meeting wont be held tomorrow.,疑问句：,Will the sports meeting be held tomorrow?,19,I will call the police.,The police will be called by me.,被动语态专题,我会叫警察的,20,被动语态专题,现在完成时,21,The lifesaver has saved more than twenty lives.,被动语态专题,主动句,这位救生员已经拯救了二十多条生命了。,被动句,肯定句：More than twenty lives have been saved（by the lifesavers).否定句：More than twenty lives havent been saved.疑问句：Have more than twenty lives been saved?,22,主动句：We have made twenty more keys.,被动句：Twenty more keys have been made by us.,被动语态专题,现学现卖,我们已经制作了20多把钥匙。,23,过去完成时,被动语态专题,24,被动语态专题,主动句,截止1980年，他们已经建成了10座大桥。,They had built ten bridges by 1980.,被动句,肯定句：Ten bridges had been built(by them)by 1980.否定句：Ten bridges hadnt been built by 1980.疑问句：Had ten bridges been built by 1980?,25,被动句：I had been given ten more minutes to make the final decision before I left for Japan.,被动语态专题,练一练,在我出发去日本前，老板又给我了十分钟来做最后的决定。,主动句：My boss had given me ten more minutes to make the final decision before I left for Japan.,26,现在进行时,27,主动句,The teaher is telling White Snow now.,老师正在讲白雪公主,被动句,肯定句：White Snow is being told(by the teacher)now.否定句：White Snow isnt being told now.疑问句：Is White Snow being told now?,28,小练习：,主动句：That thief is stealing wallet on the crowded bus.,那个小偷正在拥挤的公交车上偷钱包。,被动句：The wallet is being stolen by that thief on the crowded bus.,29,过去进行时,30,主动句,被动句,He was washing clothes when I got home.,我昨天到家的时候他正在洗衣服,肯定句：Clothes were being washed(by him）when I got home.否定句：Clothes werent being washed when I got home.疑问句：Were clothes being washed by him when I got home?,31,Practice:,主动句：I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night.我昨晚8点在做作业,被动句：My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.,32,情态动词,被动语态专题,33,主动句 They neednt look after the little child.他们不必照看这个小孩,被动句：The little child neednt be looked after(by them).这个小孩不必被（他们）照看,Think about it:,情态动词被动语态的结构？,34,主动句：We must take good care of our parents when they are old.我们必须好好照顾年迈的父母。,被动句：Our parents must be taken good care of when they are old.,35,You can spell the word like this.,The word can be spelt like this.,被动语态专题,36,You must often practise English outside class.,English must often be practised outside class.,被动语态专题,37,被动语态的几种类型,1.,有一个宾语的句子的被动语态（动词为及物动词）,他昨天写了这首诗。今年将会有成千上万的游客造访伦敦。,38,2.,有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（双宾语句型）,give,show,send,bring,read,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,buy,draw,make,39,Lenin showed the guard his passport.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,列宁把通行证给卫兵看了。,把间接宾语当作主语,The guard was shown the passport(by Lenin).卫兵看了通行证。,40,把直接宾语作主语,The passport was shown(to)the guard(by Lenin).通行证给卫兵看了。,若有加上to，表示强调给卫兵看，不是给别人看。在过去分词后面的宾语之前上一个适当的介词：如，to,for,of等，以加强间接宾语的语气，这种被动形式较常用，必须加以牢记！,41,Practice:,I have asked Brown the question.我已经问了布朗这个问题了。,Brown 间接宾语坐主语,The question直接宾语作主语,42,3.,含有宾语补足语的句子,Q:什么是宾语补足语？,We call him shorty.,主语 谓语 宾语 宾补,He is called shorty(by us),他被我们称为“矮子”,43,They will make the city more beautiful.,主语 谓语 宾语 宾补,他们将会让城市更美丽。,The city will be made more beautiful(by them),主语补语,44,Children saw the balloons raising.,孩子们看见气球升上去,The balloons were seen raising.,气球被看见升上去,45,He saw a thief steal something from the room.,他看见一个小偷从屋子里偷了东西,A thief was seen to steal something from the room.,一个小偷被看见从屋子里偷了东西,注意！,在主动句中，感官动词（see,watch,look at,listen,hear等）和使役动词（make,have)后面的不定式省略了to,在变为被动语态时，主语补语前一律加to，但有let的句子在变为被动语态时，to可以省略。,46,The boss made the workers work day and night.老板让工人们没日没夜的干活,The workers were made to work day and night.,Make做使役动词时，被动语态句中，省去的to必须加上。,工人们被迫没日没夜的干活,47,6.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,中考题,被动语态专题,48,6.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week(济南市中考题）another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）8.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）,They sent up,were planted,are grown,中考题,被动语态专题,49,没有被动语态的情况,被动语态专题,50,使用被动语态的时机,1.汉语中的无主句。,Teachers are needed everywhere in China.在中国到处都需要教师 Smoking is not allowed 禁止吸烟 Such signs can be seen in many places on freeway.在高速公路上许多地方都可以看到这样的标志,51,类似这样的无主语句子有一些已形成一些固定的句式：,It is said 据说 It is believed 大家相信It is well known that众所周知 It is reported据报道It is thought that大家认为 It has been decided that大家决定It must be pointed out that必须指出,52,Its said there will be a basketball match this afternoon.据说今天下午有一场篮球赛 He is known to everybody.他为众人所知,53,2.汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao魏华是被林涛叫来的。,54,3.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989 他出生于1989年十月4.表示礼貌时。例如：You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00pmtomorrow 敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。,55,学习被动语态应注意事项,1 用主动语态表示被动的含义 A 固定的句型 be worth doing sth 例：The novel is well worth reading twice.这篇小说很值得看两遍,56,Have/get sth/sb+过去分词,Have作使役动词，没有被动语态，但可以用have+宾语+过去分词表示“被动经验”和“使役”。Have与get的区别：get是出自本身的意愿，而have 则出于无奈和自愿,I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了I had/got my bike repaired.我拿自行车去修理,57,主语+want/need/require/doing(=to be done),The room needs(wants,requires)cleaning(=to be cleaned)这间屋子需要打扫 The baby wants(needs,requires)examining.这个婴儿需要体检,58,B 有些动词可用主动语态的形式来表示被动的含义,常见的可以这样用的动词有:clean,sell,lock,translate,read,write,wash,wear,cook,tear,cut,keep,burn,strike,pull,act,last,look,sound,smell,taste,feel(摸起来）等,The door doesnt lock.这门锁不上The dog looks dangerous.这狗看起来很危险His book doesnt sell well.他的书销量不好,59,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时，已形成固定的句式。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that,60,十大感官动词在主动结构中后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动语态则需要把to加上.如,make,hear,see,let,watch,等。He heard the girl sing that morning.The girl was heard to sing that morning.,被动语态专题,61,They will make the audience laugh all the time.,The audience will be made to laugh all the time.,被动语态专题,62,They saw him climb trees yesterday.The boss made Tom work all the time.We heard the baby crying.,He was seen to climb trees yesterday.,Tom was made to work all the time.The baby was heard crying.,被动语态专题,63,a.feel,taste,look,smell,sound 等感觉特征的系动词，没有被动语态。如：,The cloth feels soft.This fish tastes good.This flower smells sweet.,这件衣服摸起来很柔软。这条鱼吃起来很香。这朵花闻起来很香。,被动语态专题,64,happen=take place 都没有被动语态，如：Great changes have taken place in the city.,*b.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。,被动语态专题,65,c.有些动词虽为及物动词，但宾语并非是动作的承受者，因此，不能转换成被动语态。如：have,hold,suit,fit,lack,become,cost,last,mean,We have a new teacher.This coat fits me well.,我们有一名新老师。这件衣服很适合我。,被动语态专题,66,d.主动形式表示被动意义。如：do,cook,print,copy,fill,sell,miss,build.,The apples sell well.The bike is missing.,这些苹果卖得很好。自行车丢了。,被动语态专题,67,e)祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Look at the blackboard，please【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,f)反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态。例如:【正】You must look after yourself【误】Yourself must be looked after.,被动语态专题,68,The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells2.A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B.must be C.has D.have,被动语态专题,69,The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells2.A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China.A.must B.must be C.has D.have,被动语态专题,70,3.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away4.My shoes _.I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B.wore out C.were worn off D.were worn out,被动语态专题,71,3.This dictionary mustnt _ from the library.A.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away4.My shoes _.I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B.wore out C.were worn off D.were worn out,被动语态专题,72,5.His car _ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired,被动语态专题,73,5.His car _ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired,被动语态专题,74,6.Computers are useful.For example,they can _ sending e-mail.A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of 7.The strong wine is made _ rice.A.of B.from C.with D.in,被动语态专题,75,6.Computers are useful.For example,they can _ sending e-mail.A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of 7.The strong wine is made _ rice.A.of B.from C.with D.in,被动语态专题,76,8.People must _ waster water into the river.A.stop from pouring B.stop to pour C.be stopped from pouring D.stop to be poured,9.All these field _ with water in three years.A.cover B.are covered C.will be covered D.will cover,被动语态专题,77,8.People must _ waster water into the river.A.stop from pouring B.stop to pour C.be stopped from pouring D.stop to be poured,9.All these field _ with water in three years.A.cover B.are covered C.will be covered D.will cover,被动语态专题,78,10.They _ day and night.A.are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked D.are making to work 11.The dog _ the big tree,or itll run away.A.has to tie it B.must be tied on C.should tie to D.should be tied to,被动语态专题,79,10.They _ day and night.A.are made work B.are made to work C.made to be worked D.are making to work 11.The dog _ the big tree,or itll run away.A.has to tie it B.must be tied on C.should tie to D.should be tied to,被动语态专题,80,12.We cant use the bridge now,because it _.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired,13.The accident _ last week.A.was happened B.happened C.is happened D.Are happened,被动语态专题,81,12.We cant use the bridge now,because it _.A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired,13.The accident _ last week.A.was happened B.happened C.is happened D.Are happened,被动语态专题,82,14.Always give an answer when youre _.A.speaking B.speaking to C.spoken to D.spoken,15.Dinosaurs _ about 65 million years ago.A.were disappeared B.are disappeared C.disappeared D.disappear,被动语态专题,83,14.Always give an answer when youre _.A.speaking B.speaking to C.spoken to D.spoken,15.Dinosaurs _ about 65 million years ago.A.were disappeared B.are disappeared C.disappeared D.disappear,被动语态专题,84,3.被动语态中by 的用法,1）介词by后用宾格She cleans the schoolbag carefully.(改为被动)The schoolbag is cleaned by her carefully.(she的宾格是her)Jane divided the books into two parts.(改为被动)The books were divided into two parts by Jane.(Jane是名词，主宾格相同。),被动语态专题,85,2）介词by在句中的位置Miss Li corrects the compositions carefully.（改为被动语态）The compositions are corrected by Miss Li carefully./The compositions are corrected carefully by Miss Li.by Miss Li可放在谓语动词后其它状语（carefully）前，也可放在句末。We should practice English every day.（改为被动语态）English should be practiced every day.(by us 省略。诸如we,someone/somebody,everyone/everybody,people等表泛指的主语在被动中省略。),被动语态专题,86,The difficult problem_(被我们大家一起解决了).(答案：was solved by us all。)The bridge _(明年将被他们建造).(答案：will be built by them next year/will be built next year by them)Someone wants you on the phone.(改为被动语态)(答案：You are wanted on the phone.表泛指的主语someone在被动中省略，不必强调动作的执行者时也可省by短语。）,被动语态专题,87,4.短语动词在被动语态中不可拆开,The old are taken good care of in our country.（take care of 是固定短语,介词of不能少。)The lecture must be listened to carefully.（listen to是固定短语,介词to不能少。）把下列句子改成被动语态The parents looked after the baby carefully.(答案：The baby was looked after carefully by the parents.)He threw away the old clothes.(答案：The old clothes were thrown away by him.),被动语态专题,88,The homeless children _in the orphanage.A)are taken good care B)are taken good care of C)take good care D)take good care of,答案：B,被动语态专题,89,The homeless children _in the orphanage.A)are taken good care B)are taken good care of C)take good care D)take good care of,被动语态专题,90,5.含有双宾语的句子的被动语态,含有双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子的被动语态有两种改法。I told him the good news of my success.(改为被动语态)The good news of my success was told to him by me.（间接宾语him前加介词to，the good news of my success 是直接宾语，类似加to的动词还有：give,send,show等。）He was told the good news of my success by me.We will make him a chocolate cake.(改为被动语态)A chocolate cake will be made for him.（直接宾语a chocolate cake作主语时，间接宾语him前加介词for，类似加介词for的动词有get,buy,make等）He will be made a chocolate cake by us.（此句不常用。）,被动语态专题,91,He showed me the ID card.(答案：The ID card was shown to me./I was shown the ID card.)My father bought me a beautiful skirt when I was fourteen years old.(答案：A beautiful skirt was bought for me by my father when I was fourteen years old./I was bought a beautiful skirt by my father when I was fourteen years old.),被动语态专题,92,6.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态,He told the children to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.(改为被动语态)The children were told to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish.（to go and watch his tank of Ghost fish为宾语补足语，不能作为被动语态的主语。his tank of Ghost fish是不定式动词watch的宾语，因此也不能作被动语态的主语。）They call the baby Kitty.(改为被动语态)The baby is called Kitty.(Kitty 是宾语补足语，不能做被动语态的主语。),被动语态专题,93,The detective asked Jill to show her earrings.(答案：Jill was asked to show her earrings by the detective.)We made him our group leader.(答案：He was made our group leader(by us).）,被动语态专题,94,7.被动语态中副词的位置,I will also write a letter to him.(改为被动语态)A letter will also be written to him.(副词also 放在第一助动词will后。)He often makes his fishing trip in the late afternoon.(改为被动语态)His fishing trip is often made in the late afternoon.(频度副词often一般放在第一助动词后。)He can easily finish the job.The job can be easily finished by him.（程度副词easily一般放在过去分词前。类似的有：widely,well 等。）,被动语态专题,95,People would usually use cormorants to catch fish.(答案：Cormorants would usually be used to catch fish.频度副词 usually 放在在第一助动词后。)He did the job well.