全球化英文论文.doc

GlobalizationGlobalization is a phenomenon which has been revealed gradually since the early twentieth century, and it has also become the primary feature nowadays. It occupied several essential parts of our daily life, and brings such a significant influence to us. What is globalization? When has globalization emerged and spread? Why has economic globalization occurred? What are the effects of globalization? In the next paragraphs, I will explain these questions in details.What is globalization? There is no uniform definition for this word. In general, globalization means cross-border flows of goods and capital (Scholte 29). It went through three stages transnationalization, partial internationalization, and globalization. The cross-border flow of goods and capital is the original form of globalization. In this process, regional and international financial and managing organizations have collided and merged with economic entity, culture, living style, values, and ideology. Overall, globalization is economically focused, including political, cultural, technological, and military connection in each country, race and area.When has globalization emerged and spread? The course of history of globalization has three phases. The first phase of modern globalization began to break down at the beginning of the twentieth century, with the First World War. From the middle decades to late twentieth century, the second phase of globalization was largely driven by the global expansion of multinational corporations based in the United States and Europe (Scholte 15). The third phase was in late twentieth century, much of the industrialized world entered into a deep recession (Scholte 15). Up to 45% of global wealth had been destroyed by the global financial crisis (Robertson, White 37). In this phase, the element of globalization becomes individuals. Each individual has his chances to compete with other individuals, who have different colour around the world.Why has economic globalization occurred? Primarily, Modern science and technology development and dissemination are the fundamental cause of economic globalization. Secondly, there has a contradiction between the overstock goods and the shortage on resources, marketing, and cheap labor. This contradiction was the intrinsic motivation of economic globalization. Finally, in order to reduce the gap of economy, technology, and overall national strength of developed countries, developing countries are forced into economic globalization. This is another intrinsic motivation. What are the effects of globalization? There are both positive and negative effects. Globalization brings numerous benefits to us. It helps developing countries use foreign investment to invest abroad, and promoting to optimize the structure of export goods. It also allowed people around the world have the opportunity to choose the products which have lower price and better quality, so that the culture of the whole world will be built and developed (Scholte 71). Whats more, economic globalization will promote the liberalization of trade and investment, helps to build the harmony of international politics. It has advantages to reduce the conflicts among countries at the same time.The negative effects that economic globalization brings are serious. First, it aggravated the imbalance of the global economy, made the wealth gap bigger (Scholte 85). On one hand, the international economic organizations are handled by developed countries; they made the rules to control the movement of global economy. On the other hand, the strength of economy, technology, and management of western countries cannot be transcended by developing countries. For that reason, the largest benefits are for the highly developed countries with no doubt. According to the statistics from World Bank, per capita GDP in high income developed countries is 43 times than low income developing countries in 1983, while it changed to 62 times in 1994. There are two main reasons to explain it, one is, the distribution of benefits is unbalanced in economic globalization. Next is, marketing competition makes some social policies face challenges. Second, economic globalization made the global economy even more unstable (Robertson, White 58). Third, the actual rules of global economy have advantages to developed countries. Fourth, developing countries pay a big cost on economic globalization, for instance environment pollution risks, currency exchange rate risks, debt repayment risks, and labor unemployment risks. Last, there is a certainty that economic globalization will bring a negative impact to national culture (Scholte 98). Globalization also shows spiritual perspectives. On a cultural level, globalization is the expansion of debased impress on western mono-culture. On an individual level, it is the raising of the satisfaction of consumer. It is focus on the sense of happiness which comes from progress from substances, and values the quality instead of quantity (Rifkin 170).In conclusion, I hold the point that globalization is good to the international trade and communication, although there are several disadvantages and negative effects brought from globalization. For developing countries, they should be firmly and actively participate in economic globalization because globalization is a trend in the economic development of the whole world. Furthermore, they should focus on how to strengthen their technology and human resource development strategy, so that they can keep pace of developed countries. For developed countries, globalization can make them take the problems that developing countries faced into consider, because developed countries recognized that their economic stabilize rests upon developing countries (Robertson, White 112). When facing opportunities and challenges, the statuses and profits of developed countries and developing countries cannot be equal because they are not in a same standard. Nevertheless, if developing countries can hold the opportunities, dare to face the challenges, they will take a place in world market.Work CitedRifkin, Ira. “Spiritual Perspectives on Globalization.” Sourcework: Academic Writing from Sources. Robertson, Roland, and Kathleen E. White. Globalization: critical concepts in sociology. London: Routledge, 2003. Print.Scholte, Jan. Globalization. New York: Scholarly and Reference Division, 2000. Print.