外研社版九级英语课堂笔记 Module 1 Wonders of the world【精品资料】.doc

外研社版九年级英语课堂笔记Module 1 Wonders of the world一词语链接：1. wonder n.&v. - wonderful adj. - wonderfully adv. 2. ancient - modern, light - weak, below - above, bottom - top, clear - unclear (反义词) 3. nature n. - natural adj. - naturally adv. 4. appear v. - appearance n.; disappear v. - disappearance n. attract v. - attraction n., describe v. - description n. locate v. - location n., see v. - sight n. 5. distance n. - distant adj. 6. high adj. / adv. - height n. 类同deep - depth, long - length, wide - width 7. call = (tele)phone, ring (up), reply = answer 1. reply与 answer reply既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词，还可作名词。作不及物动词，其意为“回答”，可用reply to sb. / sth. 表示“对做出回答”。作及物动词时，其意为“回答，回答说”。作名词时，意思为“答道，回信，答复”，后面跟介词to。 例：1. She sighed, but didnt reply. 她叹了口气，没有回答。(vi.) 2. He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。(vi.) 3. What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量，他作何反应? (n.)注：reply和answer的区别 两个词都表示“回答”的意思。但是answer比较常用，如：answer a question / the door-bell / telephone, 而reply较正式，经过思考，一一答复问题。除了后面可跟直接引语或宾语从句以外，一般只用作不及物动词，和to连用。2. raise 与rise 两个词作为动词最根本的区别是，rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词。使用时，rise后面不用跟宾语，而raise后面一定要有宾语。例：1. He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 2. If you want to ask a question, first raise your hand. 如果你要问问题，请先举手。3. We all raised our glasses and drank to each other's health 我们都举杯互祝健康。 4. The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点钟升起。 5. The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。 6. She rose from her seat to welcome him 她站起来欢迎他。 7. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. -Benjamin Franklin早睡早起使人健康，富有，睿智。当然这两个词除了提高、升高、抬起等意思外都各自还有其它的用法。例raise 招募：to raise an army 养育、栽培：to raise a family 提出（一个问题）：to raise a question 建造、建立：to raise a memorial（纪念碑） 发出（什么声响）：to raise a laugh, to raise the alarm 结束：to raise an embargo （解除禁运） etc. rise 起床、站起来：rise early to rise from table （餐毕）起立离桌 发源于：The river Rhine rises in Switzerland rise还有晋升；顶嘴；（风、风暴）转强等意3. more与another more 形容词，“更多的，额外的，附加的”，或“还，再，另，又”；修饰可数或不可数名词；其前面还可用表数量的词修饰。（表在一定基础上的增加） 例：1. They need some more books. Would you like some more tea? Lets do it once more. Do you want one more apple? (one more = another) 2. We need two more hours to finish the job. = We need another two hours to finish the job. = We need two other hours to finish the job. another通常接单数名词，“另一个-”；但其后可接基数词+复数名词。例：(1) Would you like another one? (2) Well have another two-day holiday (=two days holiday) (3) I need another few days (=a few more days) before I finish this book.注：another + 数词 + 名词 或 数词 + more + 名词 表示“再/ 又”注意数词与二者的位置4. else 与other else 有besides (除-之外), otherwise（不同的）, instead（代替为的）的意思, 后置定语/状语例: 1. Is there anything else that you need to add? = Is there anything besides that you need to add? 有没有任何其它除此之外还要补充的？ （也就是说else在这里有附属的意思） 2. Is there anything else to that? = Is there anything otherwise than that? 有没有任何其它不同的? （也就是说else也起“不同的”所用的意思） 3. Is there anything else from that? = Is there anything instead of that? 有没有任何其它替代哪个的？ （证明了else也有“代替为的意思”） 4. What else do you want to say? (adj.) Where else would you like to go? (adv.)other 有除了的成分可理解为in addition （另外的) 前置定语例： Are there any other things there? = Is there anything in addition to that there? 总体来说 else 有比较多一点替代的成分，other 只是说另外的/更多的。 else作形容词时，通常放在疑问代词what, who或anything , something, nothing, nobody等不定代词后； else作副词时，通常放在疑问副词when, where或anywhere等不定副词之后。other作形容词，通常放在被修饰的名词之前; other还可作代词。例：A. 1. What else can I do for you? Is there anybody else in the room? (adj. 修饰疑问或不定代词)2. When else can I come? Would you like to go somewhere else? (adv. 修饰疑问或不定代词)B. Please come some other day. 请改日再来。Do you want any other colours?5. arrive (in / at), get (to) 与reach arrive vi. (不及物动词)，表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词in(大地方)或at(小地方)。get vi. (不及物动词), 表示到某地时(名词)，后面接介词to。但地方如为home, here. there副词时，上述两个动词都不用介词。 例：1. He has arrived in Beijing. They arrived at the small village last night. Tom has arrived here. 2. I got to Beijing two days ago. Has he got home?reach vt. (及物动词)，后面直接接地点名词；vi. (不及物动词)，后面直接接home, here, there等地点副词。 例：They have reached Beijing. LiLei reached home late last night. 注意：单独使用时常用arrive, 而不用其它两个词。例：They had left when I arrived.6. big, large, great 与huge big通常指具体事物的大小，如容积、体积、重量、程度等，是一个很常用的词，多用于口语中。有时含有“重要”的意思。因此可以用big来修饰problem，但不能用large. a big person 不用large例：Is there a big tree beside the house? A big boy robbed him of his bike. On the last day I made a big decision.large侧重表示三维量值，强调体积; 侧重于面积、范围、容量、数量、能力等方面的大，常与big 互用，但不如big口语化。例：They say China is a large and beautiful country. great常修饰抽象的、无形的东西，表示精神上、程度上的大；用在具体名词前，表示异乎寻常的大，给人留下深刻的印象，其词义常有一定的感情色彩。例：You're great! 你真行！ Edison was a great scientist. 爱迪生是位伟大的科学家。 Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel (英吉利海峡海底隧道).huge用于具体事物或人时, 指“体积或数量大得超过标准/一般情况”; 用于抽象事物时, 作“巨大的”、“无限的”解。有“very large”的意思。例：There is a huge building near the river. There is a huge stone in the way.7. above, over, below 与under above, over都可表示“在 之上”。above一般表示“在上面，高于”，不一定垂直； over表示在正上方, 强调垂直在 之上。below, under皆可表示“在 之下”。below表示非垂直并不与表面接触的下方；under表示垂直并不与表面接触的下方。例：Write your name above / below the line在线的上/下面写上你的名字。 The cat was under the table There is a bridge over the river.注意：beneath 表示“在的下面”的意思时，相当于below，尤其相当于under。但这是旧用法或文学用语，现在很少用。例：Children are playing beneath the window孩子们在窗子下面游戏总结：above（在上）与below（在下）在意义上是相对的，相同点是，两者都表示物体位置上或下不垂直的关系； over（在上）与under（在下）在意义上是相对的，相同点是，两者都表示物体位置上或下垂直的关系。 8. scene、scenery、sight和viewscene指展现在眼前的情景，也可指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。例：The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的场景十分可怕。The lantern slides show scene of the beach.幻灯片显示出海滩的景色。scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。例：The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges(三峡)is marvelous(美妙).sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。如：a sad sight悲惨的场景see the historical sights of London游览伦敦的名胜古迹。它与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于当sight指景物时，多指某的特有的名胜。例：We will go and see the sights of New York. 我们要去看看纽约的名胜。   The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China. 故宫是中国名胜之一。view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。例：The mountain hotel offered magnificent (壮丽的) views. It has a fantastic view of Pudong District and the centre of Shanghai. 近义词-View, Scenery, Scene, Sightview -“景色”。普遍用语。指目中所望见的景色。scenery -“景色”,“外景”。指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。scene -“景色”。可与view通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动。sight -“光景”。多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。例: 1. There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel 从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。 It was our first view of the ocean. 这是我们第一次看见海洋。 2. The scenery of this country is unparalleled. 这个国家的风景无与伦比。 The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery (干线两侧风景单调乏味). 3. The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 港中的船只构成美丽的景色。 The scene of sunset was very beautiful. 日落的景色是非常美的。 4. We will go and see the sights of New York. 我们要去看看纽约的名胜。 The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China. 故宫是中国名胜之一。sight指“景色”是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，但尤指人工制成 的景。One of the beautiful sights is the castle.那城堡是美景中的一个。 scenery是个不可数名词，含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。The road passes through the most charming scenery.这条大路穿过极为迷人的风景区。 view和scene所表达的景色都是scenery中的一部分，往往指自然景色。Do you enjoy the ten famous views of the West Lake?你喜欢西湖十景吗？There is a lovely view from this window .从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden. scene还可指舞台的场景9. each和every each不定代词，形容词，副词。不定代词：作主语，宾语或同位语（单独使用或接of-结构）Each of us has got something to say on the subject. (主语)He gave two to each (of them). (宾语)Horses each have four legs. (同位语) (句子谓语动词决定于前面的词的人称或数)形容词：作定语：Each month well have a test. 副词： 作状语：Give them three apples each. We received an invitation each. （单独使用）every 形容词，只作定语。Every morning I read English a lot. 二者作定语的区别： each 指的范围是两个或多个，强调个体。every指的范围是三个或多个，强调全部。 1. I told each student to come. I told every student to come. (= I told all the students to come.) 2. There are trees on each side of the river. (each side = either side = both sides) 3. There is a chair in each / every corner of the room. 10. tall 和high 说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high。 a tall woman , a tall horse 说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall。 He is high up in the tree. The plane is so high in the sky. 指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。 high可作副词，tall不能。 tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.二短语：1. listen up _ 2. get out of _ - get into- 3. on the edge of _ 4. at the bottom of _5. wonders of the world _ 6. think of _ 7. have a meeting _ 8. school magazine _9. write down _ 10. write a diary of-_ 11. do some reviews about sth. _12. do an interview with sb. _ 13. suggest doing sth. _ 14. would like to do sth._ 15. natural world _ 16. go the right way _ 17. look over sb./sth. _ 18. too-to do-_19. fall away _ 20. look down to sb./sth._ - look down at sb. _21. look across _ 22. the other side of-_23. look to the right/left_ 24. not - but -_ 25. reply to sb._ 26. go down _=sink 27. be afraid of (doing) sth. _ 28. have a view of _29. in the past _ 30. a (great) number of- _ 31. be away from _32. look forward to (doing) sth. _ 33. thousands of _ 34. all kinds of_ 35. as - as possible_36. be able to-_ 37. because of (doing) sth. _ 38. a huge piece of _(形状词放在piece前)【be located in-_】1. not - but -表选择关系，“不是-而是-”，连接词性相同的并列成分；连接主语时遵循就近规则。 例：His father is not a doctor but a teacher. Not they but Mr. Zhang has helped me a lot. 2. too - to do- 是英语中常用的一种句型，通常不定式表否定意义，“太-而不能-” 例：The boy is too short to reach the apple on the tree. (句子主语与不定式呈主动关系) The room is too small for us to live in. (句子主语与不定式呈被动关系) too - to do- 结构常可改为 so - that-或not- enough to do-结构。 The boy is so short that he cant reach the apple on the tree. The boy is not tall enough to reach the apple on the tree.注意：1. too - to do-句型与only连用，或中间用表意义顺承的词时，too意为“非常的”，不定式不表否定。 例：I will be only too happy to help you. Jim was too excited to meet his old friends in the street. 2. sb. / sth. is not too +形容词+to do- 表示“不是太-，而能做某事”。 例：The book is not too hard to read. Its never too late to mend the fence. Never too late to learn. 3. a (great / large) number of - 表“很多”只修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语用复数形式。 the number of - 表“- 的数目/数量/数字”, 作主语时谓语用单数形式。 例： There are a large number of people there. The number of students absent (缺勤的) is five. 4. as - as结构中间常用形容词或副词的原级形式 当as - as one can/could = as - as possible “尽可能的/地”中间常置副词的原级形式。 Come here as quickly as possible. = Come here as quickly as you can. 当as - as结构中的形容词是表示数量的many, much, few, little等词时，可在该形容词后加名词，达到间接修饰名词的作用。 Read as many books as you can. Take as much food as you can.5. “in + 一段时间”如果表示“-之后”， 常用将来时； 针对其的疑问词是how soon。 - How soon will Jim be back? - He will be back in an hour. “in + 一段时间”如果表示“-之内”， 可用任一时态。 Kate worked out the maths problem in five minutes. after + 时间段 / 时间段+later表示“在之后”，常用于过去时句子, 提问时用whenJane will be back in a month. He left there two weeks later. He left there after two weeks.6. because 后接句子 They put off the meeting because the weather was too bad. You only do it because you have to. because of后接词或短语（名词/代词/动名词）They put off the meeting because of the bad weather. Jim was anxious because of being late. 三重点句式：1. Thats news to me!2. She started a school magazine called New Standard when she was a pupil here. (分词短语作后置定语)3. Any more ideas? (= Do you have any more ideas?)4. How / What about (doing) sth. ?5. Yes, some ideas on how to get good grades! (on = about)6. Anyone else? (定语后置)7. I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a path. 8. I knew it was there, but there was nothing to see. (不定时作定语后置)9. Youll get there in five minutes . “in + 一段时间”如果表示“-之后”， 常用将来时； 针对其的疑问词是how soon。 - How soon will Jim be back? - He will be back in an hour. “in + 一段时间”如果表示“-之内”， 可用任一时态。 Kate worked out the maths problem in five minutes. 10. I looked over them, but it was still too dark to see anything. 11. The sun rose behind me and beyond the rocks.12. I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river, far below me. 13. I looked down to the Colorado River about 2 kilometres below me. (介词短语作后置定语)14. If you put the three tallest buildings in the world at the bottom of the canyon, they still wont reach the top.15. Then I looked across to the other side of the canyon.16. I looked to my left and to my right, and on both sides the canyon disappeared into the distance- .17. I was a little nervous as we were waiting for the lift to the top. (as = when / while)18. Well spend as much time as possible there. (注意as - as结构中间常用形容词或副词的原级形式) 当as - as one can/could = as - as possible “尽可能的/地”中间常置副词的原级形式。 Come here as quickly as possible. = Come here as quickly as you can. 当as - as结构中的形容词是表示数量的many, much, few, little等词时，可在该形容词后加名词，达到间接修饰名词的作用。 Read as many books as you can. Take as much food as you can.19. Well be able to see some of the important treasures coming out of the Valley of the Kings.(现在分词短语后置定语，表主动关系)20. Its a wonder also because of this question: How did people move these huge pieces of stone from so far?21. Its not “How deep is it?” or “How wide is it?” or “How long is it?” but “Is the Grand Canyon the greatest wonder anywhere in the natural world? not - but - 表选择关系，“不是-而是-”，连接词性相同的并列成分；连接主语时遵循就近规则。 例：His father is not a doctor but a teacher. Not they but Mr. Zhang has helped me a lot.四语法点滴：时态复习五常识：1. Describing places and experiences 2. 计量长、宽、高、深（度）的表达： 表“多长(高、宽、深)”等概念时，英语常以“数字+单位词+(长、宽等)形容词”形式表达。例：1. The boat is 6 feet (英尺) long, 3 feet wide. 2. This building is 90 metres high / tall. 针对“多长(宽、高、深)等”提问时，用how + long / wide / high / deep - ? 例：- How high is the mountain? - Its 554 metres high.说明：问距离多远时用how far, 而答语常用“数字+单位词+away-”的形式，而不用far。 例：- How far is the shop from your home? Its 345 metres away (from my home)./ - Its ten minutes walk / ride (etc.)= Its ten minutes on foot / by bike (etc.). - Its far aw