中西文化及礼节差异分析 Cultural and Etiquete Differences between Chinese and Western.doc

Cultural and Etiquete Differences between Chinese and Western中西文化及礼节差异分析ContentsIntroduction 11. Cultureand Etiquette Differences between Chinese and Western.2 1.1The Gap of Communicative Manners2 1.1.1Meeting Etiquette.2 1.1.2Salutation Manners.2 1.1.3Conversation Etiquette.3 1.1.4Thanks Etiquette.3 1.2Differences of Dining Manners.4 1.2.1 Arrange the Seats Etiquette.4 1.2.2Table Manners .4 1.2.3Talk on the Table Manners.5 1.3 Differences of Dress Etiquette.5 1.3.1Differences of Costume Culture.5 1.3.2The Fusion of Dress Etiquette62.The Influence Factors of Differences the Chinese and Western Etiquette.7 2.1Different Cultural Background.7 2.1.1 Culture Origin.7 2.1.2Culture to form Soil.7 2.2 Difference of Value Orientation.8 2.2.1 Collectivism and Individualism8 2.2.2 Past Orientation and Future Orientation8 2,2,3 Rank Idea and Freedom Equality.9 2.3 The Influence of Religious Faith .93. Chinese and Western Etiquette enlightenment10 3.1Etiquete is the Premise and Ensure Effective Communication.10 3.2Seek Common Ground while Reserving Differences and Mutual Complementarily and Survival.10 3.3 Discard Bad and Take Good.11CONCLUSION12BIBLIOGRAPHY13ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS14摘 要随着经济的发展，中国与西方国家在政治、经济和文化方面联系越来越紧密，礼仪在这个过程中自然而然就变得重要起来了，中西方对于礼仪有着不同的理解，所以对于这个问题的研究是非常有意义的。礼仪是一个民族在特定历史条件和地理环境中发展和承袭下来的礼节文明规范，是一种文化形态的象征和体现。本位主要介绍了中西方礼仪在交际、餐饮、服饰等方面表现出来的不同的形态，并从文化背景的不同，价值取向的差异、宗教信仰的影响等方面分析了影响中西礼仪差异的因素，最后用“和而不同”的态度来对待中西礼仪的文化差异、求同存异、互补互存。弃糟取精，弘扬优秀的礼仪文化。只有认清中西方礼仪文化的差异，将二者合理有效的融合，方能建立适合中国当代社会的礼仪文化体系、达成和谐社会的理想。关键词：中西方礼仪 差异 影响 文化Abstract With the economic development, the relationship between China and West in politics, economy, and culture become more and more .It is undoubtedly that the etiquette will play an important role in this process. Chinese and Western have different understandings to the etiquette. So the study of this problem will be very significant. Etiquette is a civilized norms of etiquette, which is developed and inherited in the specific historical conditions and geographical environment by a nation, and is a symbol and reflection of the cultural form. The “etiquette” in Chinese is formed of courtesy and ceremony, courtesy refers to politeness ,courtesy; ceremony means the rite, appearance,department.The Western “etiqutte” has many words:courtesy,etiquette, protocol ,rite .This paper mainly introduces the difference forms of Chinese and Western etiquette reflected in communication, catering ,clothing, etc., and analyzed the factors that affect the difference of etiquette between East and West. Finally come up with the inspiration that use the attitude of “harmony without” to treat the cultural differences between Chinese and Western etiquette; seek common ground while reserving differences, mutual complementarily and survival, discard bad and take good, and promote cut standing culture of etiquette and effectively, can we build the is suitable for Chinese contemporary society, and achieve the ideal of harmonious society.Key Words: Chinese and Western etiquette difference affect cultureIntroduction Etiquette is the process and means to show respect to each other in interpersonal relationship by certain, common procedures. The Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality. Firstly, it can help people raise their self-cultivation. Secondly, it will promote social interaction and improve peoples interpersonal relationship. It also can purify the society. Since different countries have different historical and cultural backgrounds. There are a lot of differences in the ceremony, especially between China and the West. The understanding of the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette are astutely necessary. The paper explores the differences of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette. In modern society, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller, people are very active with frequent exchanges. Many countries are paying great attention to combine international etiquette with national etiquette creatively. Etiquette is the common wealth of Chinese civilization and the Western civilization.1.Culture and Etiquette Differences between Chinese and Western1.1 The Gap of Communication Manners In social etiquette, the Chinese and Western culture have different understanding. Chinese and western social etiquette embodied in the different aspects of interpersonal communication, such as the name, talking, and meet, thanks, etc.1.1.1 Meeting Etiquette In formal occasions, Chinese people meet with handshake, and like to ask “Do you eat to dinner? Where have you been? Do go? “This reflects the intimacy between people. But for Westerners, This greeting will be the other party by surprise, embarrass- semen, or even unpleasant, this question can let Westerners will be understood as a "cross-examination, Feel each other in asking about his private life. The daily greeting they only say “the Hello” or chronological points that sound good morning, good afternoon, good evening.1.1.2 Salutation Etiquette In social communication, people are very sensitive to others how to call yourself, Call properly, both a psychological harmony and social interaction will be carried out smoothly and delight. In China, the young and old and the different identity of higher-up and junior the call is very particular. They use the depreciate himself and cry up others. Call the elders and superiors to use a certain title positions, expect the respect. In English, the title says + surname title at the last name is also some. Used for the title of the royal family, the top government, religious, military, or the legal profession. But at English, this title the way far less than the Chinese generally. Except in addition to formal occasions must be said Mr., Mrs., Miss, they can call their first names regard- dress of age, the said was considered to be a close relationship .In China, it is opposite.1.1.3Coversation Etiquette In conversation, the Chinese people like to share their privacy, but the Westerners protect privacy, the Chinese people euphemistic, and Westerners direct frank.1.1.4 Thanks Etiquette When withstand praise, in Chinese and Western show very different with different cultural contexts. Chinese people do not have words to thank among friends and relatives; because they think say thanks would be very strange, so in the Chinese cultural environment, the word "thank you" is much lower than the Western societies. Modest is the virtues of Chinese since ancient times to the traditional ethnic. In the west, humility is not recognized. The face of praise, Westerners tend to thank each other for the compliment or sure their own better compliment than a man, Commonly used "thank you", "Yes, it really is" or "Yes, I like it" to answer. In Western eyes, the modesty is low self-esteem and lack of confidence in performance, because they worship is a personal struggle, never cover up the merits of the individual and get a feeling of achievement after ecstasy.1.2Differences of Dining Manners There is a greater difference in the West on the concept of a banquet. Chinese dishes focus on color, smell and taste, even more than a focus on nutrition,. Western diet is mainly pay attention to nutrition mix and absorption; it is a scientific concept of eating. Westerners focus on the nutrition of the food and ignore the color, smell, taste, their diet is to the health and survival, do not pay attention to the enjoyment of taste.1.2.1Arrange the Seats Etiquettes Chinese and Western people are fastidious about the formal banquets seating arrangement. In China, the door for the attendance both sides of the partial block treat, the elderly, guest of honor, or high-status people get on the block, men and women master or pique of those who sit down and seat, then follow the order of the male and female guest of honor and guests in the seating arrangements. In China, left the statue, the West is right for respect.1.2.2Table Manners Chinese people at the dinner table to advise dishes drinks upon as a courtesy, and Westerners will never force others to eat, guests often with the hostess action. Owner asked the guests whether want something to drink in the general; the guests should be answered truthfully, if the guests declined, the owner did not need to reluctantly. The Chinese people will take the initiative to tea or to get a drink, also continue to increase tea. In the West to drink tea off the courtesy, the face of the continual increase tea they often overwhelmed. Feeding principles of Chinese food: dishes need by guest of honor first take; not made too much for serving the food. Feeding principles of the West: To issue the meal dont make a noise ; meals as little as possible do not to speak; after a meal is the dessert time to chat; when eat soup do not make a sound.1.2.3Talk on the Table Manners Chinese people like to drink and chat together to create a lively and warm atoms- sphere. When talking must pay attention to the propriety, have manners, educated, learned, and talk about each other interested. In Westerners meal, they like the elegant and quiet environment, they must pay attention at the dinner table etiquette. In main of quite in the West on the table, guests can talk to the sideward, but to avoid talk and laugh loudly. Do not just talk with an acquaintance, when the guests have do not know you, you can choose to introduce themselves, and when others are saying and not be interrupted.1.3 Differences of Dress Etiquette In modern life, the costumes more and more has been paid attention, it has become an important part of the ritual. Different ethnic culture, Chinese and Western clothing etiquette culture is also distinctive.1.3.1 Differences of Dress Etiquette Affected by the history of the Chinese, the nation formation of a stable character and follow the beaten track to love nature and peace, contentment ideology. Under the influence of this code of conduct and way of thinking, makes the dress of the Chinese people particularly the intricate harmony. For example, the cheongsam is a typical sign of the Chinese women dress culture, it not only in the style of the overall shape of the Chinese art of harmonious features, but will also have the East a special decorative techniques into one of its unique charm lies in its inclusive cultural connotations. West emphasized the separation of that the subjective world and the objective world, it is clearly subjective for objective as property. Clothing in the West is often seen as an integral part of the body art, so they seek to dress the body's curves, pay attention to the outer contour, clothing comprehensive response of the scientific and artistic.1.3.2 The Fusion of Dress Etiquette In the formal social occasions, the Western men usually wear a conservative suit, white shirt and tie, usually wear black shoes. Western women on formal occasions, wearing the dress suits, usually people like to wear casual. Today's Chinese people dressed increasingly westernized formal occasions, men and women dress and the West is no different. 2. The Influence Factors of Differences the Chinese and Western Etiquette Generally speaking, interpersonal communication is the cultural essence. In different ethnic have way of thinking and values differences, it is caused of Chinese and Western Cultural Differences cultural roots.2.1 Different Cultural Background2.1.1Culture Origin Since Qin Shi Huang establishment of the Great Unification, Confucian ethics has become the main ethics of the Chinese people. Strong Chinese culture "family re-care and feudal hierarchy”. Western culture for the origin of ancient Greek culture, The outset the importance of personal struggle, a human rights perspective is the product of the idea, The Westerners have a weak hierarchy. 2.1.2 Culture to Form Soil Chinese culture conceived in an agricultural society, so is a farming culture, people and land has deep feelings. With long-term interaction between cluster and settle down, then the person affection sensibility. Such feelings will be accumulated into the Chinese culture. Western culture from the business community, is a commercial sock- ety.Business community to follow the principle of survival of the fittest competition with people, the competition than by cooperation, interests better than the feelings, the results accumulated become a "focus on self, materialistic justice" Western cultural characteristics. The merchant is not attached to land and often move; Western society the people can not form deep and lasting friendship, pursuing the principle of individualism.2.2Difference of Value Orientation2.2.1Collectivism and Individualizing Chinese cultures believe that everyone is not an isolated individual, but part of the group; collectivism orientation is certificated of Chinese society. People's words and deeds must conform to the expectations of society and groups. Respect with modesty, mutual concern, mutual understanding and to treat honesty people for their char -statistics. Westerners are the most respected independent and free individualism, The premise of freedom, equality, democracy, rights to survive as a human being, They pay ate- -nation to privacy, this characteristics can protect themselves and be good at personal survival and competition.2.2.2 Past Orientation and Future Orientation Chinese people attach importance to the past, cherish the history of the worship of ancestors, respect for teachers, re-experience, re-age. Contrary to the time orientation of Chinese culture, Westerners all look to the future, their time as a way toward the future, the future orientation of their most important Values.2.2.3 Rank Idea and Freedom Equality Strong hierarchy in the oriental culture, although the hierarchy in the traditional ritual system has been eliminated, but the hierarchy is still affected oriental cu