Analysis of the Differences between Chinese Tea Culture and Western Coffee Culture浅析中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化.doc

Analysis of the Differences between Chinese Tea Culture and Western Coffee Culture浅析中国茶文化与西方咖啡文化分 院 专 业 名 称 班 级 姓 名 指 导 教 师 2010年 10月2日 Analysis of the Differences between Chinese Tea Culture and Western Coffee CultureBy SupervisedBy Huayu College of Henan Agricultural University 摘 要茶和咖啡是世界两大天然非酒精饮料，它们在历史发展中，形成了各自的文化特征。中国的茶叶艺术博大精深，并且源远流长。西方咖啡文化的特点总的说来是热情洋溢、奔放自由、简洁随意、快捷方便。茶居首位，咖啡其次，两者都以各自的特色吸引了大量的爱好者。在市场经济竞争下，还受到商业炒作的影响而互有消长，两者背后潜藏着的历史文化差异及对其发展趋势的影响，通常易被忽视。本文对两者起源，种类，制作方法，品尝环境和对人体健康的优化作用等方面，试作一个多视角的比较。关键字: 茶；咖啡； 历史；文化；健康AbstractTea and coffee ranked as the first two natural beverages in the world have already cultivated their own culture in the history. The Chinese tea is broad and profound and it has a long history. Western coffee cultural characteristics of the overall is enthusiastic, bold and unrestrained liberty concise optional quick and convenient .Although tea stand first on the list and coffee the second, they both attract their livers uniquely and respectively. Owing to the market economy and human competition, they ebb and flow under the influence of diverse historical culture and the trend of development which are easily neglected. The paper tends to comparison between tea and coffee from different origin, classification, making method, tasting environment and the use for people's health.Key words：tea；coffee; history；culture；heathTable of contents摘 要3ABSTRACT3INTRODUCTION51：THE LEGEND OF TEA AND COFFEE PRODUCES51.1 The Legend of Tea Produces51.2 The Legend of Coffee Produces62： TEA AND COFFEE HISTORY62.1 Tea Origin62.1.1 Coffee Origin72.2 Tea History72.2.1 Drinking History82.3 Coffee History82.3.1 Drinking History93: THE ART OF DRINKING93.1 About Drinking Tea93.1.1 Savoring103.1.2 Making of Tea113.2 About Drinking Coffee113.2.1 Aroma123.2.2 Making of Coffee124：THE CLASSIFICATION124.1 Tea Classification12Black tea13Oolong tea13Other kinds of tea134.2 Coffee Classifications145：FUNCTIONS OF TEA AND COFFEE145.1 Functions of Tea145.2 Functions of Coffee15CONCLUSION15ACKNOWLEDGEMENT15REFERENCES16IntroductionTea and Coffee are all the most popular drink in the world. Many people have the habit of drinking tea or coffee. The Chinese tea is broad and profound and it has a long history. Long time ago, people found tea can make people spirited and think clearly, so it became one of seven daily necessities. Each part of China has its own special type of tea. China is truly the hometown of tea. All tea used in the world now are from China originally. Chinese tea culture has the same long history as Chinese culture. Coffee is as important as tea for Chinese. They have Similarities and differences.1：The Legend of Tea And Coffee Produces1.1 The Legend of Tea ProducesTea is one of the greatest cultural treasures of Chinese civilization. Although tea wasn't brought to the Western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the world's favorite drinks was invented. Tea remained in china for centuries, before foreign explorers brought this to an enthusiastic public in Europe and other places. Tea drinking then became a standard feature of the Chinese culture. Regions famous for Chinese tea in the south have produced much of the world's tea. China for centuries has been acting as the first nation of tea because of its outstanding products. Today, Chinese tea must compete against foreign teas from many other places in the world. China has an advantage in this, because of the long history and the quality of her teas. Rituals have even appeared in the preparing and drinking of tea. This tea culture places emphasis on the taste and color of the tea as well as on the presentation of the tea set. Tea has become more than a mere drink. Rather, it is a symbol of the Chinese people and culture.1.2 The Legend of Coffee ProducesAccording to one story, a sheepherder named Kaldi noticed the effect of coffee beans as he tended his sheep. He noticed that the sheep became hyperactive after eating the red "cherries" from a certain plant when they changed pastures. He tried a few of them, and was soon as overactive as his herd. The story relates that a monk happened by and scolded him for "partaking of the devil's fruit." However the monks soon discovered that this fruit from the shiny green plant could help them stay awake for their prayers. Another legend gives us the name for coffee or "mocha." An Arabian was banished to the desert with his followers to die of starvation. In desperation, Omar had his friends boil and eat the fruit from an unknown plant. Not only did the broth save the exiles, but the residents of the nearest town. Mocha took their survival as a religious sign. The plant and its beverage were named Mocha to honor this event.2： Tea And Coffee History2.1 Tea OriginIn a country with the history of five thousand years, the Chinese tea drinking habit dated back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907AD). It became a national tradition and led to development of a delicate tea drinking ritual. Over the centuries, poets and artists in China wrote many marvelous masterpieces, in appreciation of tea and Chinese peoples constant love of tea drinking .One of the best-known writers is Lu Yu, who was regarded as the “Tea Sage ” for he composed the first book on tea. In his classic book, he detailed his studies of tea, such as the origin of tea, tea tools, tea picking, tea cooking, tea ceremony and well-known areas where tea was grown. And the valuable knowledge he recorded has laid foundation for modern tea culture development.2.1.1 Coffee OriginThe history and development of the beverage that we know as coffee is varied and interesting, involving chance occurrences, political intrigue, and the pursuit of wealth and power. Coffee was introduced much later to countries beyond Arabia whose inhabitants believed it to be a delicacy and guarded its secret as if they were top secret military plans. The government forbade transportation of the plant out of the Moslem nations. The actual spread of coffee was started illegally. One Arab named Baba Budan smuggled beans to some mountains near Mysore, India, and started a farm there. Early in this century, the descendants of those original plants were found still growing fruitfully in the region.2.2 Tea History "When a guest comes to my home from far away on a cold night, I light bamboo to boil tea to offer him." It is a poem from Duxiaoshan who is a poet in Song dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea was exported by land and sea, first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia and, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. Just as coffee became a part of daily life in the West .Chinese tea is part of Chinese culture. Many people likes drinking tea and a lot of kinds of tea have become famous. One can see tea houses scattered on the streets of China. The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea that a cultural phenomenon relating to tea is rising up. That the fashion drinking tea had extended all over the country and tea had won the status as national beverage. Tea culture is of much elegance. In the contemporary society, tea culture plays a role of enriching cultural and leisure life, promoting the development of tea-related economy and trade, and propelling culture exchange between nations.2.2.1 Drinking History The Chinese give great attention to their tea and the way they drink it. People have high requirements for the quality of the prepared tea leaf, the water they use to brew tea and the wares they use to prepare and serve tea. Normally, the finest tea is grown at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,000 feet (900 to 2,100 meters). People select their water carefully. The Chinese emphasize water quality and water taste. Fine water must be pure, sweet, cool, clean, and flowing. Water from good springs is always considered best, as is rainwater from autumn and the rainy seasons. Chinese prefer pottery wares to wares made of metal or other materials. The best choice is the purple clay wares made in Yixing and Jingdezhen, Jiangsu province. The purple clay of this region gives the wares their internationally-known purple color.2.3 Coffee HistoryThe history of coffee is as rich as the brew itself, dating back more than a thousand years. The first coffee plants are said to have come from the Horn of Africa on the shores of the Red Sea. Originally, coffee beans were taken as a food and not as a beverage. East African tribes would grind the coffee cherries together, mixing the results into a paste with animal fat. Rolled into little balls, the mixture was said to give warriors much-needed energy for battle. Later, around the year 1000 AD, Ethiopians concocted a type of wine from coffee berries, fermenting the dried beans in water. Coffee also grew naturally on the Arabian Peninsula, and it was there, during the 11th century that coffee was first developed into a hot drink.2.3.1 Drinking HistoryCoffee was believed by some Christians to be the devil's drink. Pope Vincent III heard this and decided to taste it before he banished it. He enjoyed it so much and baptized it, saying, "Coffee is so delicious it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it."3: The Art of Drinking3.1 About Drinking TeaJust as coffee became a part of daily life in the West, tea became a part of daily life in China. One can see tea houses scattered on the streets of China. The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea that a cultural phenomenon relating to tea is rising up.The Chinese tea culture includes articles, poems, pictures about tea, the art of making and drinking tea, and some customs about tea. We normally think of tea drinking as an invitation to stay and socialize. In earlier times, however, the drinking of tea could signal the close to the social encounter. This was particularly true when one visited one's superior. When the guest reached the host's home, the host would offer his guest a cup of tea. They would then talk. When the host wanted his guest to leave, he would signal this by holding his own cup of tea and drinking it. The guest would then know that the host wanted him to leave and would ask to leave. When it comes to drinking a cup of tea, we usually invite a few friends, go to a serene place, and drink tea imbibe slowly in small sips. The popularity of tea lies not only in its good taste but also in its benefits to our health .Tea helps our body digestion .So, it is a part of lifestyle to drink a cup of tea after the meal. Caffeine is one of the main materials found in tea. Thus, the amazing job of tea is to refresh our mind.3.1.1 SavoringThe Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.3.1.2 Making of TeaThe Chinese give great attention to their tea and the way they drink it. People have high requirements for the quality of the prepared tea leaf, the water they use to brew tea and the wares they use to prepare and serve tea. Normally, the finest tea is grown at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,000 feet (900 to 2,100 meters). People select their water carefully. The Chinese emphasize water quality and water taste. Fine water must be pure, sweet, cool, clean, and flowing. Water from good springs is always considered best, as is rainwater from autumn and the rainy seasons.Water quality can affect the tea's taste. Ancient Chinese used spring water from mountains to make their teas. Rain, snow and water from rivers, lakes or streams are suitable for making tea. Tap water, which has too much chlorine, should not be used. Nowadays, purified water and mineral water are used to make tea.Water temperature is important. For common green, brown and scented teas, the water should be between 80 C and 90 C. Water used to make famous teas, such as Biluochun and Longjing, should be between 75 C and 80 C. The tea will lose its nutritional value if the water is too hot. For Oolong tea, the temperature should exceed 95 C.3.2 About Drinking CoffeeEspresso - Is a strong, flavorful coffee brewed by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee beans. Espresso differs greatly from the common drip brewed coffee drink in its thick concentrated consistency, and robust flavor. <Double Espresso - Two shots of Espresso! Triple Espresso - Three shots of Espresso! Café Americano - Literally, It may simply