Discussion On Stigma英语论文.doc

Discussion On StigmaIntroduction In terms of psychology , individual becomes stigma because of his personality , ability, appearance defects , or inconsistence among thinking ,behavior and social norm ,there arising in a painful emotional experience .Healthy sense of stigma is the natural result of individual psychological development , adaptation to social life and an improve way to improve ; too little or too much stigma is unhealthy and unfavorable to the development of the individual. According to Department of Health and Aging (2005), the conception of mental health is defined in community carefaculties, policies, and health systems from country to country. In Australia, the government gives the meaning of mental health as the ability of individuals and groups to interact their environment in ways that promote the subjective wellbeing, optimum development and the use of relational, cognitive and affective mental abilities; and achieving personal and collective goals conforms to the justice (Department of Health and Aging 2000).And there is close link between stigma and health . In this essay ,the following topics will be discussed:the source of stigma ,the advantage and disadvantage effects of stigma for people who experience mental health problems ,how to deal with the consequences of adverse effects.The source of stigma Stigma originates from the different aspects. Some people who are very competitive , the stigma will be easily generated when they encountered setbacks in life, some other people suffer from some sort of shameful disease which was thought as humiliation, such as sexually transmitted diseases , which can also lead to stigma (Cadwell, S. 1991) . Whats more ,a number of people living with those who were better than themselves,once being compared ,the sense of stigma would come out soon.Some patients said that because they are from rural areas , and the big gap between the rich and the poor , just like apparel ,education and deeds,induce a sense of stigma.Sometimes,fat is also become the origin of stigma(Allon, N. 1982).Obesity makes a lot of people feel low self-esteem in the appearance , a sense of oppression is easily formed because of longterm psychological intimation , all of which can lead to mental illness.The introverts also has the tendency of having the sense of stigma(Lee, S. A., Yoo, H. J., & Lee, B. I. (2005).In summary,stigma comes from discrimination,the gap between the poor and the rich,patientsself-esteem and so on.The advantages of having moderate sense of stigmaCulture and stimulate people's sense of stigma is very important. With the sense of stigma , youngsters behavior will be better regulated ,the dignity and self-control will also be maintained, which made a very big contribution to the reduction in the crime rate(Rasmusen, E. B. (1996). There gives a story from Chinese :"Hardships " bite the bullet Goujian , hardships, the ultimate Zionist story still has its educational value . This shows that , certain moderate stigma can inspire the human spirit and potential , to stimulate people to pursue their dreams , in other words , moderate stigma is a kind of power , because shame is a stone pressure in the human body , pressure there is power. The theme “Beyond Stigma: Advancing the Social Inclusion of People with Mental Illnesses.” was inferred in the 28th Annual Symposium on Mental Health Policy at the Carter Center in Atlanta.So own a sense of shame is not terrible .Somebody only dare to face and go beyond it ,the stigma will be overcome and success is in the hand.The disadvantages of having to much stigma Too much stigma will affect peoples work ,study ,life,the ability of social intercourse and adaptation to the whole world. First of all,excessive sense of stigma will affect people s confidence in the work in the process of handling all kinds of relationships. It was also harmful to integrate themselves into the community well.Long term interest of the stigma will lead to the incidence of internal disorder of the human body. For example , with the full implementation of quality education , employment competitive pressures , some students feel lower than the others when looking for a job in the face of personal qualifications and lost confidence in the interview ,thus miss the opportunity, over time , it will exert enormous mental pressure,in turn , Unemployment would lead to stigma(Shapiro, C., & Stiglitz, J. E. (1984).In learning , the stigma comes from self-esteem. The society is competitive nowadays , so the gap between people means victory and bing eliminated . Students who are often at a disadvantage in front of excellent students will feel inferior .There are many media reports that a range of mental illness exist in students who can not withstand the pressure of competition in the learning environment , and even some people chose to commit suicide to respond the unbearable pressure from stigma(Pompili, M., Mancinelli, I., & Tatarelli, R. 2003).How to deal with the consequences of advantages or stigmaEnhance students' mental health education from a young age is very important, it is important to give children a good family environment .The child's family environment is very important , the harmony between the parents love and care for the child , the child will feel very happy , but if the parents divorce or other discordant happened ,make the child feel suppressed to the peers,or even shameful ,But the most important is still a good education.Vlaardingerbroek, B., & Hachem ElMasri, Y raised a point of view that “student transition to upper secondary vocational and technical education (VTE) in Lebanon:rom stigma to success”(Vlaardingerbroek, B., & Hachem ElMasri, Y. (2008).).Especially efficacious measures should be taken on decreasing the rate of suicide related with suicide by positive psychological education Eagles et al (2003).ConclusionTo sum up,the stigma is one kind of painful feeling when people recognise the negative shortcomings and deficiencies of their own personality , ability, appearance , feeling of inconsistent between behavior and thought , such as low self-esteem, depression and other painful feeling .Stigma related to mental health problems, cautious must be taken in dealing with this issue , moderate sense of stigma is a virtue , because it will motivate people to perfect , but over-stigma will put psychological pressure on people, which is not conducive to good health . Especially for primarys growth .For a nation in terms of stigma may be a highly developed one of the driving forces of their societies , but also brought some negative effects(Kawaguchi, Atsushi 2000),Usually ,the stigma should be faced by everybody correctly(Int J Soc Psychiatry ,2007).ReferenceAllon, N. (1982). The stigma of overweight in everyday life. Psychological Aspects of Obesity: A Handbook. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 130-174.Cadwell, S. (1991). Twice removed: The stigma suffered by gay men with AIDS. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 61(3), 236-246.待添加的隐藏文字内容3Rasmusen, E. B. (1996). Stigma and self-fulfilling expectations of criminality. Journal of Law and Economics, 39, 519-544.Lee, S. A., Yoo, H. J., & Lee, B. I. (2005). Factors contributing to the stigma of epilepsy. Seizure, 14(3), 157-163.Shapiro, C., & Stiglitz, J. E. (1984). Equilibrium unemployment as a worker discipline device. The American Economic Review, 74(3), 433-444.Vlaardingerbroek, B., & Hachem ElMasri, Y. (2008). Student transition to upper secondary vocational and technical education (VTE) in Lebanon: from stigma to success. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 60(1), 19-33.Pompili, M., Mancinelli, I., & Tatarelli, R. (2003). Stigma as a cause of suicide. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 183(2), 173-174.Eagles, J. M., Carson, D. P., Begg, A.,et al ( 2003) Suicide prevention: a study of patients' views. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 261265.Kawaguchi, Atsushi, 2000 From the contemporary Japanese media and social culture of stigma Zhe jiang University ( Social Science Edition) Volumes 25 No,4Int J Soc Psychiatry ,2007 Mental Illness Stigma in the Israeli Context: Deliberations and Suggestions 53:547-563