英语本科毕业论文学生英语口语能力的培养.doc

本科毕业论文学生英语口语能力的培养学生姓名： 学生学号： 200310206139 院（系）： 外 国 语 学 院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科3班 指导教师： 二七年五月The Cultivation of Students SpokenEnglish Ability Cao Miaoling Under the Supervision ofDeng XingyiSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstract Key Words. 摘要. 关键词. Introduction . 1. Disadvantageous Factors of Learning Spoken English 3A. Chinese Spoken Atmosphere 3B. Less Attention to Oral English 3C. Poor English Teaching Condition 4. Misconceptions of Learning Spoken English 4. Some Methods in Teaching Spoken English 5A. Stimulating Students Interest and Creating Good Atmosphere 5B. More Encouragement 7C. Some Practical Methods in Teaching 8. Useful Methods for Students Speaking English 12A. Cultivating the Students Interest in Speaking English 12B. Imitation of Standard Pronunciation 13C. Retelling in English 14D. Thinking in English 14E. Widening English Daily Words 16F. Remembering More English Idioms and Slang 16G. Avoiding Impolite Expressions in English17Conclusion.19Acknowledgements . 20Bibliography. 21 AbstractAs an international language, English plays a very important role in todays society. Since the entry of WTO in 2001, China has participated in more and more international co-operations with the world. This irreversible tendency requires more and more highly-qualified English personnel in society. The final purpose of learning a language is to communicate with others, thus the oral expression is very crucial and is the basic skill of using a language. Because of negligence and inadequate conditions, the present situation of learning spoken English is not satisfactory; which has affected the students English learning well. How to improve the Students spoken English has also become a problem which should be solved. As the students guide, teachers can stimulate students interest in speaking English and instruct them to do more effective practice. Students should cultivate their interest through watching English movies and listening to English songs, andits available and useful for them to do more practices such as imitating, retelling, thinking something in English. Key Wordsspoken English; cultivation of ability; interest; practice摘 要英语作为一种国际通用语言，在人们的社会生活中起着重要作用。随着中国加入WTO以及社会、经济、政治等各方面的需求，社会对英语人才的需求也在日益增长，学习英语逐渐成为一种潮流。学习语言的目的在于交流，而英语作为一种交流工具，口语的表达能力是非常重要的，也是最基本的交际能力。但由于教育条件的限制和环境等多方面因素的影响，英语的口语表达能力始终是学生学习英语中的一大难题。因此，如何提高学生的英语口语表达能力成为当前英语教学应该解决的一大难题。作为学生学习的向导，教师应该帮助学生培养学习英语口语的兴趣，并指导他们多做一些练习。学生自己可以通过看英文电影听英文歌等方法来培养兴趣，多做一些模仿发音和用英语复述等练习。关键词英语口语；能力培养；兴趣；实践Introduction As society advances rapidly and the international communication increases greatly, English has become one of the most important international languages and is widely used in various fields. With the rapid development of economy, society, science and technology, China is engaging in more and more international communication and has participated in still wider international co-operations with the whole world. This irreversible tendency requires more and more highly-qualified English personnel in society. Nowadays, its very popular and necessary for common people to learn English in China. In the middle school education, English is an obligatory course and the scores of this course have been considered as an important part in the national entrance examination. Its natural that teachers and students pay more attention to English learning and teaching than ever before, and the average level of English learning has been improved greatly.But in most cases, the students who can pass quite a few English tests could not express themselves well in English orally. They can write English essays, understand what people say in English, and can even read English articles, but they can not communicate with others in English fluently. So the “Dumb English” has become the common problem in English learning. English learning can usually be divided into listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. Listening, reading and writing are the basic skills required in most examinations. However, although speaking is very important, it is quite often ignored. In the school education, teachers and students are often thinking about how to pass examinations and they are not aware of the importance of the oral English.Communication is the final purpose of language learning. And society needs the English personnel who can use English well in the practical application. Those who can only write or read something in English cant meet the development at the present situation. Teachers and students should pay more attention to the oral English teaching and learning.Its clear that the present situation of learning spoken English is far from satisfactory. There is still a long way for English educational workers and teachers to realize this important and great goal. The most important thing in English teaching and learning is to improve students spoken English ability. . Disadvantageous Factors of Learning Spoken English There are several disadvantageous factors for Chinese students, especially those who are living in undeveloped areas, learning spoken English. A. Chinese Spoken AtmosphereEnglish teachers are the students guide in learning, and they need to do many things to help students improve their English. But the time in classroom is very limited, so teachers need to teach students the basic English knowledge and skills suck as new words, expressions, and grammatical structures. At the same time, there is no time left for student to practise their oral English. Students are always being asked to do more exercises after class.In fact, students are surrounded by the Chinese spoken language atmosphere, and there is little chance for them to practise their oral English, so they may feel shy to speak English publicly. Even in English corner,most of them are not very active, and what they have learned are some simple English sentences just like “Hello, how are you”, “Whats your name”, “How old are you” and so on. Let alone those students who never go to English corner. B. Less Attention to Oral EnglishAt present, there are few compulsive examinations of oral English, thus students dont give enough attention to spoken English. Teachers often judge students English results through their written examinations. Especially in middle schools, the common purpose of teachers and students is to get high grades to pass the national entrance examination. Nowadays, the pressure of entering the higher education weighs heavily down on shoulders of teachers and students. They pay much attention to the teaching and learning of the English vocabulary, sentence structures, reading comprehension and writing, which are required in the examination. Students also do not want to spend much time on spoken English which they might consider it as wasting their valuable time. C. Poor English Teaching ConditionsIn most undeveloped areas, the teaching conditions are very poor. There are not enough teaching facilities and teaching staff, and teachers teach English with traditional methods. Students have no tapes, radios to listen to English, and they even havent good English materials, and what they can do is only to follow their teachers teaching.Whats worse, because of the teaching staff shortage, a great number of teachers in these areas are not qualified. They themselves cant speak English smoothly, and some of them even just know some basic English knowledge and skills. Therefore, not to mention spoken English, the average English level of students is very poor indeed. II. Misconceptions of Learning Spoken English Nowadays, a lot of Chinese students have wrong ideas about how to learn spoken English, and these misconceptions can have considerable influence over their English learning. 1. “If I communicate with a Chinese partner, my spoken English will get worse.”There is a common perspective that the only way to improve oral English is by speaking with a native speaker, which stems from the perception that speaking to another language learner has a negative effect, for the partner doesnt speak the real English language. In fact, the reason seems mostly psychological. The more skilled partner always discourages a speaker and the fear of making mistakes tends to block the smooth conversation. And some researchers found that those who communicate with the partners who are near to their own level make progresses quickly. That is to say, the friends or classmates who are at the same level of English may be the best partner indeed.2. “I need rich vocabulary before beginning to speak English.”Some students ascribe their poor spoken English to the lack of vocabulary. They think if only they would have much vocabulary, and they might speak English as fluently as native speakers. In fact, even some students who have passed the CET6 still have a great deal of trouble in their English spoken communicationAs everyone knows, people can use simple words to express themselves instead of complicated or difficult words or expression. For example, the word “facilitate” can be substituted with “help”. Thus, the key is to learn more useful function words in English first and apply them often in a variety of circumstances, before trying to learn words and expressions that are more complicated and used much less often. 3. “If I go to America for some time, I must imitate American accent, or my English will not be understood in the USA.”Some students believe that the best way of speaking English like a native is by imitating his accent. They spend much time doing this kind of exercise and gain what is called the native pronunciation.This misconception might stem from ignorance of distinction between pronunciation and accent. An accent is a distinguishable set of sounds that derive from cultures or regional phonetic patterns, and it could hardly be changed in a short time. In fact what they need to do is to improve their pronunciation step by step. Only if one can pronounce rightly, can he be understood by any English-speaking people. Some Methods in Teaching Spoken EnglishIt is natural that teachers play a very important role in English learning. Their jobs are not only to impart knowledge to students, and help students pass examinations, but also to light up students ways in their learning. As the guide of study, the teachers role can affect students deeply. First, they need to upgrade their own spoken English, and second, they should pay more attention to the teaching and learning of spoken English seriously.A. Stimulating Students Interest and Creating Good Atmosphere It is certain that interest is the best teacher of study. Ding Zhaozhong, who was awarded the Nobel Price in 1976, said “Interest is more important than genius”. Psychologists have drown the conclusion that the desire for learning is the inside motive of students learning. And interest is the precondition to form the desire for learning. In the five skills in English learning, speaking is usually the poorest for students to learn English in China. It results from the lack of speaking practice and good teaching atmosphere. Students, especially Asian students tend to be reluctant to speak English in class as well as after class. As a foreign language, English is unfamiliar and different to Chinese students. Thus it is important for teachers to encourage and motivate their students to speak English more both in and out of class.1. Updating Educational Concept and Groping for New Useful Methods.Needless to say, a teacher has strong influences on his students thinking and learning. Students usually care much about what teachers perform in class, and they like all the learned and competent teachers. The teacher who can speak English smoothly with the good pronunciation can draw more attention of students, and his or her students may imitate his or her language expression mode. Therefore, teachers should enrich their own knowledge and give the good impression to their students. They should also grope some new ways to meliorate their teaching, which will also do good to stimulate students desire for learning English. As an English teacher, he should be open- minded to accept the good and useful western teaching conception, and know much about cultures and customs of English- speaking countries. Teachers should not only inculcate knowledge from books into students, but also need to broaden the students eyesight. 2. Establishing Good Relationships between Teachers and Students The good relations between teachers and students are the footstones in English teaching and learning. To students, teachers are instructors and guides in their studies, and also students usually rely on their teachers. Teachers should spend more time taking care of their students, observing what students need and accept, and respecting their ideas and choices. In class, teachers should be respectable and responsible so that their teaching and instructing would be appreciated by students. And after class, teachers are always easy- going and considerate to students, and help and care for their students like one special kind of friends in life. The students who trust in their teachers usually can do better in their studies than those who do not like their teachers. 3. Cultivating Harmonious Atmosphere in ClassThe efficiency of English learning and teaching is related closely to the atmosphere both in and out of class. Generally speaking, there are two factors that may affect students' spoken English in class. One is that they fail to find suitable words to express themselves and the other is that they are afraid of making mistakes when they want to speak. Sometimes they may make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. So the good environment can help students to speak actively and