英语报刊新闻的语言特点论文.doc

英语报刊新闻的语言特点论文 毕业 论文题 目： 英语报刊新闻的语言特点 学 院： 北京大学继续教育学院 专业名称： 英语 班级学号： ? 指导老师： 二 零 壹 壹 年 一十一 月 南昌大学继续教育学院 摘 要摘 要 当今世界，英语被广泛使用，成为一种国际通用语言，其普及性体现在国际政治、经济、科技、文化、学术、信息交流等各个领域。英语报刊新闻( journalistic English)指英文报刊上常见的各类文章,它的体裁多样题材广泛,English at linguistic levelMeanwhile, it points out the features of the headline, the lead and the body. It will also discuss the features of news writing. It is hoped that this paper will help people change their stereotyped views about English newspapers, help English learners understand the English newspapers more effectively and accurately, and help students try to cultivate the habit of reading English newspapers.I南昌大学继续教育学院 目录ContentsAbstract . INowadays English is widely used as an international language, and its popularity isreflected in the international political, economic, technological, cultural, academic,information exchange and other fields. Journalistic English refers to various types ofEnglish in common newspaper articles with diverse genres, wide range of topics and content.English newspapers are a great source of information, reflecting the politics, economy,culture, technology around the world. English newspapers are also the media who can makethe fastest reflection about the development and changes of English. With the rapid socialdevelopment, languages are constantly evolving. As new things, new terms are constantlyemerging, reading English newspapers is a shortcut to understand modern English, and isthe most practical, simple and effective way to learn and master modern English. Englishnewspapers can help expand vocabulary, enhance the sense of language, reading ability. Thispaper will give an analysis of linguistic features of news English at linguisticlevelMeanwhile, it points out the features of the headline, the lead and the body. Itwill also discuss the features of news writing. It is hoped that this paper will help peoplechange their stereotyped views about English newspapers, help English learners understandthe English newspapers more effectively and accurately, and help students try to cultivatethe habit of reading English newspapers. . I1. Introduction . 21.1 Significance of the Study . 21.2 Structure of the Paper . 23.1 Headline . 53.1.1 Grammatical Features of Headline . 53.1.2 The lexical features of English news headlines . 73.2 Lead . 83.2.1 Definition and function . 83.2.2 Five WS and H 6:30 . 83.2.3 Classification of lead . 94. Linguistic Features of News English . 94.1 The lexical features . 94. 1. 3 use of slangs . 114.1.4 creating new words . 114.1.5 Vague words . 114.2 The syntactic features . 114.2.1 Loose sentence structure . 11II南昌大学继续教育学院 目录4.2.2 Extensive use of tenses . 124.2.3. active voice . 124.2.4. Extensive use of quotations . 134.2.5 Use of Subordinate Clauses . 134.3 The textual features . 134.3.1 Inverted Pyramid Structure . 13Acknowledgements . 16Bibliography . 17III南昌大学继续教育学院 Chapter Five ConclusionAn Analysis of the Language Characteristics of Journalistic English 1. Introduction1.1 Significance of the StudyWith increasing international communication between China and other countries of the world，language study is becoming an inevitable thing in our daily life, especially nowadays，as English has been widely used as an international language and people need more information on the language and the ways in which it is usedLanguage plays a critical role in social intervention and is an important medium in the transmission of cultural and social valuesReading English newspapers give us an opportunity to be dipped into new things and stories, and to pick up languageThey are the primary material from which people receive new information. Newspapers have a rich mixture of contents including news, advice, comics, opinions and dataThe language used in English newspapers has its unique features and is quite different from general English articles to some extent. That is why so many people feel English news difficult and abandon it. Then how can we cope with such linguistic problems to read the English news effectively and understand it accurately? The main purpose of this paper is to increase readers ability to read English news. It is hoped that this paper will be particularly useful to those who have strong interest in reading English news1.2 Structure of the PaperChapter One is a brief introduction which proposes the significance of the study and the structural arrangement of the paperChapter Two deals with the basic elements of news，such as definition of the newsHowever, the general features of English news reports will be emphasized throughout the paperChapter Three touches heavily on the two major elements of the news the headline and the leadThe headline plays a role in attracting the attention of the readers and luring them to read on, so its linguistic features will be our major focusThe characteristics of the lead will be discussed from four aspects: functions of the lead，five Ws and H, classification of the lead and language characteristics of the leadChapter Four is the main part of the paper and lists the linguistic features of English news at lexical, syntactic and context levels2南昌大学继续教育学院 Chapter Five ConclusionChapter Five summarizes the previous studyAt the same time, it points out that reading English news is an effective way to learn modem English and by mastering some characteristics of English news we can understand the English news accuratelyMoreover, it points out the inadequacy of the study in the hope that more researches should be carried out in this field2. Definitions of News and General Characteristics of English newspapersTo figure out the features of news，it is necessary to know what news isThe word “News” derives from GreekIn American reporter Joests opinions, the word “News” comes from the word New”. It is clear that freshness is one of the most essential features of newsTypical definitions of news suggested by journalists include "news is the same thing happening to different people,” “news is what the editor thinks is news, or news is “what Im interested in”.In fact，there is no single all-encompassing definition of news because the elements that constitute it are constantly changing, and so are the women and men who select it for print, broadcast and other sources such as the InternetThe dramatic social, economic, political and technological changes sweeping the world continue to have a profound impact on what is considered news today, just as they have had on the readers and the way readers get the newsFrom the definitions of news mentioned aboveIt is not difficult for us to understand the features of newsAccording to Zheng Baoweinatures：(1) News must be trueNews is the report of facts which are the basis of newsWithout facts there would be no newsMoreover, the aim of news is to help people get to know the change of the world. people may be able to make prompt judgments and then take proper actionsThis is the basic function of News, that is, news must reflect the original truly so as to provide people with the right and reliable informationThat news must be true is the fundamental feature of news, which differentiates news from 1iterature(2) News must be new. It is said that the word “news” comes the word “new.” News is a kind of information conveyed to people，but it is not the common information；instead it is about the things in its newest stateIn other words, only those new things, new problems, new people, new ideas and new experiences can become news. That news must be new is another fundamental feature of news, which differentiates news from history 2:55, news has the following four distinctive3南昌大学继续教育学院 Chapter Five Conclusion(3) News must be timelyIf the true and new facts were not released timely, news would become old and valuelessTherefore, the mass mesa must disclose the facts to the masses as soon as possibleAny delay or postpone should be avoided(4) News must be made known to the publicIn the modem society, the news media are the most important and most frequently used channel for people to get to know the outside worldEveryday newspapers, radio broadcasts and TV continuously release a large amount of news, and all the news is open to the public. It is obvious to see that everyone has access to the news, regardless of his intelligence and social statusAs Journalistic English is different from other English articles, it has some general characteristics(A) FamiliarityEnglish newspapers use a wide range of words in sports, military, business, technology, gambling, literature, entertainment and other aspects, such as artificial breeding (artificial insemination training) used in medicine, kickback (commission) used in economy, and scud missile (scud missiles) used in military, honey trap (notorious), and so on, with the aim to reflect integration of modern journalistic language and contemporary realities of modern life, trying to meet a variety of reading interest, arousing the readers familiarity .(B) Easy to understandVisualized vocabulary and spoken English recently emerged in the title of newspapers not only make the title lively but sometimes act as a pun and make it fun. For instance there is an article in Daily Star entitled World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks, in which the report used Eyes to mean concern and did not use the word observes or watches, which makes the headline a dapper, precise, vivid image.(C) Simplicity and vividnessCompare the following three news reports on the same accident:1. Police Chief J. W. Carmichael announced today two children were killed outside Prospect Park at Jackson Ave. And 16 St., NW, when a "recklessly driven" automobile jumped the curb near where they are playing at 2 p. m and ran them down.2. Two children were killed and 12 others injured today when an automobile hit them outside Prospect Park. th4南昌大学继续教育学院 Chapter Five Conclusion3. Two children at play were killed and 12 others injured today when a speeding sports car jumped the curb outside Prospect Park and ran them down.(D) A human faceOne of the criteria in news reports is humane. For example, In order to affect readers, the journalist gives a number of details which have no direct contact with the event, such as the drivers age, family situation, so as to arouse parental love. It even quotes the conversation in which the medical correspondent James Wilkinson talks about survival of "Siamese twins". These are very humane, completely arousing the readers interest. (E) ObjectivityAuthenticity is the cornerstone of news; false news will inevitably lose the trust of the reader. Through extensive use of direct quotations and indirect quotations, newspapers try to use the least adjectives to increase its authenticity and vitality, which also shows the objective position of authors. The report has only 9 sentences, including titles; however it has 9 words synonymous with “say” and 7 sentences, respectively, which are direct quotations or indirect quotations. The quote usage has reached 89%. It can be said that ultimately that any news report cannot lack the use of quotations. 3. Headline and LeadA piece of English news consists mainly of three parts：headline，lead and body Attention is focused more strongly on the former two parts in this chapterUsually, when reading English news，it is possible for readers to get the main idea of the story through skimming the headline and leadThis is therefore another reason why we analyze the features of the headline and lead3.1 HeadlineNews title is an integral part of the report. It uses concise words to convey the most important information or the most noteworthy content, so that readers can fully understand the most important or most interesting content. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the features of the news headline.3.1.1 Grammatical Features of HeadlineFor the purpose to save space and to attract readers , reporters usually make use of omission , tense and voice.5南昌大学继续教育学院 Chapter Five ConclusionA. Omission.(1) the omission of articles. For example:Paris poor struggle to find homes(=The Paris poor struggle to find homes)(2) the omission of prepositions. For example:Jiang meets mathematicians(= Jiang met with mathematicians)(3) the omission of link verbs. For example:THREE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS(= THREE ARE DEAD AFTER INHALING OVEN GAS)(4) the omission of conjunctions. For example:US, VIETNAM RESUME TALKS(= THE UNITED STATES AND VIETNAM RESUME TALKS)B. Simplification of tenseThe use of verbs in headlines adds difficulty to newspaper readers as the state of verbs in English news headlines changes sometimes. Headlines must be concise, which cannot apply all the tenses to convey news and the facts. To this end, Typically, there are three types of verb tenses commonly used in English News headlines: the present tense, the future tense and the present