试论纤维材料在工程混凝土中的运用中英文互译.doc

试论纤维材料在工程混凝土中的运用中英文互译Try to talk about fiber concrete material in engineering application of translation in both Chinese and English 长期以来，我国各类工程建设项目的施工，多数采用了混凝土结构，但作为一种容易开裂、强度较低、收缩性较大的脆性材料，普通混凝土的使用受施工工艺、场地温度、结构荷载、养护方法、空气湿度等多种因素影响，施工结构上通常会留有不同程度、不同性质的裂缝，不仅破坏了工程结构的外观质量，同时也将埋下一定的安全隐患，或直接引发工程事故。对此，钢纤维、人工合成纤维、玄武岩纤维等纤维材料的应用，能够根据设计、施工要求的不同加以选择，并通过综合使用混凝土材料，能够直接控制、有效改善施工混凝土的化学、力学性能，进而提高项目的施工质量。以下，本文就几种较为常用的纤维材料在工程混凝土中的运用作简要的分析、探讨。Long-term since, our country construction of all kinds of engineering construction projects, most of the concrete structure is adopted, but as a kind of easy cracking, low strength, shrinkage is larger of brittle material, the use of ordinary concrete construction craft, ground temperature, load structure, curing method, air humidity and other factors, construction structure usually have different degree, different nature of the cracks, not only damage the appearance quality of engineering structure, at the same time will also be buried under a certain security hidden danger, or directly lead to engineering accident. , steel fiber, synthetic fiber, basalt fiber and other fiber materials applications, can be selected according to different design and construction requirements, and through the integrated use of concrete material, to be able to directly control, effectively improve the chemical and mechanical properties of concrete construction, and improve the construction quality of the project. Here, in this paper, several kinds of commonly used ones are fiber concrete material in engineering application of a brief analysis and discussion. 1 钢纤维材料的运用1 the use of the steel fiber materials 目前，在我国各类工程项目的混凝土施工中，钢纤维材料的应用最早、最广，相较于几种人工合成的纤维产品，钢纤维材料有着良好的弹性模量、结构密度，而随着我国技术水平的快速提升，钢纤维材料的外形已由以往的较为常用的长直形发展为弯钩形、压痕形、波浪形等，而就截面形状来看，也陆续推出了不规则形、矩形、月牙形等。此外，根据生产工艺的不同，可将钢纤维产品大致分为冷拔钢丝纤维、剪切钢纤维、熔断钢纤维、铣削钢纤维等，相较于常规混凝土材料，钢纤维材料的运用能够有效改善、提高施工结构的耐久性、各项物理力学特性，进一步加大了工程混凝土的重量比与质量强度，而在抗拉、抗剪、抗弯曲强度方面，分别提高了25%至50%、50%至100%、40%至80%。由此可见，钢纤维混凝土材料具有一定的耐磨性、整体性、耐腐蚀性、耐热性、抗裂性、耐冻融性，同时降低了7%到9%左右的收缩值，适用于公路、桥梁的路面施工，可利用喷射机械、压力泵实施具体的生产操作，不但能够大幅降低模板的使用量，也显著提高了施工效率。At present, in our country each kind of concrete construction of the project, the earliest and most widely used steel fiber materials, compared with several kinds of synthetic fiber products, steel fiber material has a good structure of elastic modulus, density, and along with the technology level of rapid ascension, the shape of steel fiber has long straight by ever more common development as the bent hook, indentation, wavy etc., and cross section shape, also introduced the irregular shape, rectangular, crescent-shaped, etc. In addition, according to different production process, the steel fiber products generally can be divided into cold drawn steel fiber and cutting steel fiber, fusing milling steel fiber, steel fiber, etc., compared with the conventional concrete materials, the use of steel fiber can effectively improve, improve the construction of the durability of the structure, the physical and mechanical characteristics, further increasing the weight ratio and quality of concrete strength, the tensile, shear, bending strength, were increased by 25% to 50%, 25% and 25%, 40% to 80%. Thus, steel fiber concrete material has a certain wear resistance, integrity, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, crack resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, and at the same time was reduced by 7% to about 9% of contract value, suitable for roads, Bridges, road construction, injection machinery, pressure pump available implementation of specific production operations, not only can greatly reduce the use of templates, and improve the construction efficiency. 值得注意的是，钢纤维混凝土的生产成本较高，同时由于这种产品的结构密度较大，进而增加了混凝土结构的自重，而在具体的配制过程中，倘若掺入了大量的钢纤维材料，则极易造成工程混凝土出现散丝结团。施工过程中，混凝土的外表面若存有外露钢纤维，在后期的养护过程中将发生锈蚀，最终影响到施工结构的外观质量、耐久性。It is important to note that the production cost of steel fiber reinforced concrete is higher, at the same time as the density of the structure of this product is bigger, then increase the unit weight of concrete structure, and in the preparation process of concrete, if mixed with a large number of steel fiber, concrete is easy to cause project of the wire. Construction process, if the outer surface of the concrete being exposed steel fiber, will happen late in the curing process of rust, ultimately affect the appearance quality and durability of the construction structure. 2 玄武岩纤维材料的运用2 the use of the basalt fiber 作为一种天然的无机纤维，玄武岩纤维材料的运用，主要是通过矿物开采来提取玄武岩原料，以高温加工的方式将其融化，最后利用拉丝技术制备而成，也可将其视为一种硅酸盐纤维，而就这种材料本身的物理力学性能来看，相较于市场面上的几种人工合成纤维产品，BF纤维材料在极限应变率、弹性模量、抗拉强度等多个方面有着绝对优势，而相较于同类的硅酸盐纤维，玄武岩纤维材料能够与水泥充分融合，并有着极强的耐碱性。目前，对于玄武岩纤维在工程混凝土中的运用，国内有关的专家、学者存有些许争议，其主要集中体现在BF纤维混凝土的物理力学特性方面，一些人人为玄武岩纤维材料的掺入，将影响、降低混凝土原有的力学性能。此外，由于玄武岩纤维材料本身的成分波动较大、熔点较高，从而对混凝土施工的技术水平、工艺方法提出了新的要求，同时在具体的生产操作中也将消耗大量的能源、投资。然而，可以肯定的是玄武岩纤维的运用，能够大幅提高工程混凝土的抗冲击性、抗裂性、抗腐蚀性，对于一些防洪、水利水电、桥梁以及耐磨部位的混凝土施工尤为适用。As a kind of natural inorganic fiber, basalt fiber, mainly through mining to extract basalt mineral raw material, melt it in the form of high temperature processing, preparation, and finally using wire drawing technology also can regard it as a kind of silicate fibre, and for physical and mechanical properties of the material itself, compared to market several synthetic fibers on the surface of the product, BF fiber materials in the limit strain rate, elastic modulus, tensile strength and so on several aspects has the absolute advantage, and compared with the same kind of silicate fiber, basalt fiber materials can fully mix with cement, and has strong alkali resistance. At present, for basalt fiber in engineering application of concrete, the relevant domestic experts and scholars have a bit of controversy, mainly concentrated in BF physical and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete, some all for basalt fiber, the mixed material, will influence, to reduce the original mechanical properties of concrete. In addition, because of the basalt fiber composition of the volatile, high melting point, thus of concrete construction technology level, the process method is put forward new requirements, at the same time in the production of concrete operation will consume large amounts of energy and investment. To be sure, however, the use of the basalt fiber, can significantly improve the impact resistance of concrete, crack resistance, corrosion resistance, for some of the flood control, water conservancy and hydropower, Bridges and wear-resistant parts of the concrete construction is particularly applicable. 3 人工合成纤维材料的运用The use of the three synthetic fiber materials （一）聚丙烯纤维材料：(1) material: polypropylene fiber 在我国各类工程建设项目的混凝土施工中，人工合成纤维材料的研制与运用紧随钢纤维之后，其中属聚丙烯纤维开发时间最早。作为一种人工合成材料，聚丙烯纤维的生产加工一般采用的是共聚物、丙烯聚合物，就产品性质来看，也可将其称为杜拉纤维，虽然此种材料的弹性模量较低、与水泥材料的粘结性较差，但凭借其良好的抗拉强度与抗碱性、低廉的加工成本、较高的极限延展率、多样化的原材料以及快捷、简便的施工，在国内水库溢洪道、泄洪坝段抗冲磨部位、水库溢洪道等工程、部位的混凝土施工中得到了推广与应用。值得注意的是，聚丙烯纤维在工程混凝土中的运用，虽然能够在一定程度上提高施工结构的抗裂性能，但由于聚丙烯纤维材料在紫外线、高温、氧气中将加速老化，或改变原有的化学特性、物理性能，从而逐渐被一些新型纤维产品所代替。In concrete construction of all kinds of engineering construction projects in our country, the development of synthetic fiber and application after steel fiber, which belongs to the polypropylene fiber development at the earliest time. As a kind of synthetic material, polypropylene fiber production and processing of the general use of copolymer, acrylic polymer, is in the nature of the product, also can be called dura fiber, although this kind of material of low elastic modulus, cohesive to the cement material is bad, but because of its good tensile strength and alkali resistance, low processing cost, high limit extension rate, diversification of raw materials as well as the fast, easy construction, in the domestic reservoir spillway, spillway dam section on the grinding parts and reservoir spillway and other projects, parts of the promotion and application in the concrete construction. It is important to note that the application of polypropylene fiber concrete in engineering, although can to a certain extent, improve anti-cracking performance of construction structure, but as a result of polypropylene fibre material in ultraviolet ray, high temperature, oxygen, accelerated aging, or change the original chemical properties, physical properties, thus gradually replaced by some new fiber products. （二）聚丙烯腈纤维材料：Polyacrylonitrile fiber (2) : 聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维又称腈纶纤维，相较于研发较早的聚丙烯纤维材料，此种产品不仅能够与水泥材料充分融合，同时也有着良好的均匀性、耐温耐寒性，而作为一种次级增强材料，聚丙烯腈纤维凭借其优异的耐碱性、质量强度、延伸性、分散性、弹性模量，被广泛应用在国内各类工程项目的混凝土施工中，对于一些空气湿度较大、座落于水环境中的混凝土工程，进一步提高了各主体面板的防渗性、抗裂性。在具体的施工过程中，对于工程混凝土的拌制，若掺入聚丙烯腈纤维材料，可在60s以内充分搅拌均匀、分散，不仅大幅提高了新拌混凝土的粘聚性，同时也具有一定的连续性、整体性。此外，对于一些规模在170m左右的混凝土溜槽施工，聚丙烯腈材料的运用，并未发现骨料离析现象，而在后续完成混凝土的浇筑与养护后，通过全面、系统、专业的质量检查，30000以内的混凝土面板上仅存有1-2条裂缝。由此可见，聚丙烯腈混凝土有着卓越的抗裂效果，有效防治了普通混凝土材料早期形成的干缩裂缝、塑性裂缝。Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is also called the acrylic fiber, compared to earlier research polypropylene fiber material, this product can not only fully mix with cement material, at the same time also have a good uniformity, heat resistance, cold resistance, and, as a secondary reinforcement, polyacrylonitrile fiber, with its excellent alkali resistance, quality, strength, extensibility, dispersion, elastic modulus, are widely used in civil engineering project of all kinds of concrete construction, for some of the air humidity is bigger, is located in the concrete engineering of water environment, to further improve the seepage resistance, crack resistance of each main body panels. In the process of concrete construction, the mixing of concrete for engineering, if mixed with polyacrylonitrile fiber, can fully stir well within 60 s, scattered, not only greatly improves the adhesiveness of fresh concrete, at the same time also has a certain continuity, integrity. In addition, for some concrete chute construction scale at about 170 m, polyacrylonitrile material use, did not find aggregate segregation phenomenon, and in the subsequent completion of the placing and curing of concrete, through comprehensive, system, professional quality inspection, 30000 survives only 1-2 crack in concrete slabs. Thus, polyacrylonitrile concrete has excellent crack resistance effect, effective prevention and control of the early formation of the common concrete materials dry crack, plastic crack. 4 纤维素纤维材料的运用4 the use of cellulose fibre material 纤维素纤维是新一代建筑工程用纤维，原产于美国，与聚丙烯纤维(密度09lg/cm3)相比，其密度(110g/cm3)略大于水，避了纤维在混凝土浇注振捣中上浮现象，具有天然的亲水性能、纤维根数多、比表面积大、与混凝士基体界面黏结强度高等特性，且内部含有空腔，在混凝土新拌阶段能储存部分自由水而在水化后期释放出来促进水泥继续水化。试验表明，纤维素纤维对混凝土拌和物性能及抗压强度的影响不大，明显提高劈拉强度(28d提高29%)，大幅提高混凝土阻裂性能和增强效应，降低混凝土脆性；在提高混凝土抗裂抗渗方面也表现了比聚丙烯纤维更优越的性能。Cellulose fibre is a new generation of construction projects with fibre, originating in the United States, and the polypropylene fiber (0.9 lg/cm3 density), compared to the density (1.10 g/cm3) is slightly larger than water, from the rise in the fiber in the concrete vibrating phenomenon, can have natural hydrophilic, fibrous root number, large specific surface area, and the coagulation and substrate interface bond strength higher characteristic, and the internal cavity, can store part of the free water in freshly mixed concrete phase and continue to promote cement hydration released late in hydration. Test shows that cellulose fiber on properties of concrete mixing and the influence of the compressive strength is not big, obviously increase the splitting tensile strength (28 d increased by 29%), significantly improve the crack resistance of concrete performance and enhance the effect, reduce the concrete brittle; In the aspect of concrete crack permeability also showed a more superior performance than polypropylene fiber. 5 结束语5 conclusion 综上所述，纤维材料在工程混凝土中的运用，有着多种选择与方式，实际进行混凝土施工时，应根据项目自身的特点、性质以及设计要求，分别选择钢纤维、人工合成纤维、玄武岩纤维等材料，以此保证混凝土施工的经济性、有效性，充分发挥纤维材料的作用，提高结构质量。To sum up, the application of fiber concrete material in engineering, with a variety of choice and the way of actual concrete construction, should according to the characteristics of the project itself, nature, and the design requirements, choose steel fiber, synthetic fiber, basalt fiber and other materials, to ensure the concrete construction of the economical efficiency, effectiveness, and give full play to the role of the fibrous material, improve the quality of the structure.