英语口译笔记速记符号大全.doc

英语口译笔记速记符号大全一 缩写词:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time1Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro= introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against = therefore= = is or equal2. Use technical symbols where applicable.zb   =   German, for exampleibid   =   Latin, the same worko   =   degreesH2O   =   water More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus/ parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketingcus customercli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratios Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: inbutaskey Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: iswaswere Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: aanthe If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:  at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of <->resulting in ->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp.缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词 原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large字母、图像 Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。 C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.  E 数学符号表示总值。 G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。 B 表示商业：business。 C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。 W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号 箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.  数学符号 + 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在.之间"：among, within, etc. 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc. 表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. 标点等 : 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk." 表示转折 表示"好的"状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.表示"同意"状态，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc. 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. 表示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.