翻译典型练习题.doc

1.狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已有2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.2.中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（overseas enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.3.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands ofChinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.1.端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duan Wu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.2.朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city  the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.3越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it isessential that their kid should have a good command of Chinese. Chinas rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.4今天，对中国文化稍有了解的人，都会知道中国的书法艺术。中国书法的发展得力于两方面的因素。一是汉字，汉字是以象形为基础的方块文字，它具有独特的优美形式，为书法艺术提供了条件。一是毛笔，毛笔的发明，是中国文化史上的重要事件，是书法艺术产生的基础。由兔毫、羊毫、狼毫等做成的毛笔，柔软而富有弹性，可以产生丰富的变化，为书法艺术的产生提供了可能。Today, anyone who knows a little about Chinese culture usually knows about Chinese calligraphy. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy has benefited from two factors. One is the squared-shaped pictographic characters, whose beautiful forms provided preliminary conditions for the art of calligraphy. And the other is the writing brush, an important invention in the history of Chinese culture and the basis for calligraphy to germinate and develop. The writing brush, made from rabbit, sheep or wolf hair, feels soft, supple, and is elastic and highly ductile. It paved way for the emergence of the art of calligraphy. 1) pictographic: 象形（文字）的2) germinate: 发芽，发生3) supple: 伸屈自如的，灵活的，易弯曲的4) ductile: 可延展的，易于塑造的中国人饮茶， 注重一个”品”字。”品茶”不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger. 1.神思遐想：reverie。 2.领略饮茶情趣：take delight in tea-drinking。 3.在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶:这个句子较长，可根据其意思的层次，把它分成两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。4.择静雅之处：securing a serene space。 5.细啜慢饮：imbibe slowly in small sips。 6.达到美的享受：即"享受到饮茶之美"。allure这里是名词，意为"迷人之处"，也可用beauty。 7.使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。 8.利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。 9.让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所" 10.礼仪之邦:即是"一个很讲究礼仪的地方"，"很重礼节"为重复，不译。 11.当有客来访：是"凡来了客人"的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容，加上before serving tea，使上下衔接贴切自然。 12.征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为"询问来客他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶"。 13.主人在陪伴客人饮茶时：译为in the course of serving tea,与前面before serving tea相呼应。 14.主人在陪伴客人饮茶时水温适宜：这句话较长，可根据其意思的层次，把它分成两个完整的句子来翻译。 15.随喝随添：and thus the cup is kept filled或者and in this way the cup is kept filled。 16.茶食：意思为"点心、小吃"。 17.达到调节口味和点心之功效："点心"为方言"点饥、充饥"的意思。1. 农历九月九日为中国传统的节日重阳节。根据传统的阴阳说，九月和每月的第九天都属于“阳”，阳有积极和男性的意思，重是双的意思，因此就叫重阳。“九九”与“久久”发音相似，因此古人认为这一天是个值得庆贺的吉利日子。自古以来，人们就有登高以避免传染病的传统，因此，重阳节也被称为“登高节”。在这一天，人们还有吃重阳糕的习俗，因为在汉语里，“糕”与高（高度）发音相同。以此，人们祈求诸事取得进步。 The ninth day of September in the lunar calendar is “the Chinese Chong Yang Festival”. According to the traditional theory of “Yin” and “Yang”, both the 9th month and the 9th day of the month belong to “Yang”, which means positive and masculine, and “Chong” means double, thus it is called “Chong Yang”. As double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify “forever”, “jiujiu”, the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics has been passed down since ancient times. Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called “Height Ascending Festival”. On this day, people will eat Double Ninth Gao (or Cake) because in Chinese language gao (cake) has the same pronunciation with gao (height). People do so just to pray for progress in everything they are engaged in.2. 老子又称道德经，只有五千多个汉字，共81章，分为道篇和德篇两部分。虽然简短，但它在中国文化发展中的作用却很大：以它为基础，中国古代产生了与儒家并列的哲学派别道家；根据它的思想，中国古代产生了以老子为始祖的宗教派别道教，这是华夏民族本土产生的最具影响的宗教。老子的思想直接影响了中国人的民族特性、思维倾向和审美趣味。直到今天，老子还在参与塑造这个民族的思想。Laozi, also known as Classic of the Way and Virtue (Dao De Jing), consists of just over 5,000 characters. Its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue). Short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of Chinese culture. It became the basis of Taoism, the school of philosophy parallel to Confucianism in ancient China. The thought of Laozi formed the foundation of Taoism, the most influential school of religion in China. It has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibility of the Chinese nation. Today Laozi still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking. 1. 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. （from cet4-2013样卷）2. 中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Years Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends. （from cet6 样卷）3. 在中国人的心目中，桃总是与仙、寿、神联系在一起，故有“仙桃”、“寿桃”、“王母桃”等雅号。时至今日，人们还是将桃作为吉祥之物。在中国农村，逢年过节在门上贴桃符。有的地方大年初一要喝桃汤，因为桃是五行之精，可以“压服邪气”、“制百鬼”。Chinese people often associate peach with immortals, longevity and gods. Hence, peach derived such elegant names as “Peach of Immortality”, “longevity peach”, “the Lady Mothers Peach of Immortality”, etc. Up to now, people still view peaches as mascots. In the villages, on festivals, peach wood charms are pasted on doors to ward off evil spirits. In some regions, on the first day of the New Year, people drink peach soup, regarded as the essence of the five elements, which can exorcise spirits and suppress evil influence.