机械控制在现代纺织工业的应用外文翻译.doc

Machinery control applications in the modern textile industrySome years, as people more conscious of the aesthetic and living standards, high-grade yarn-dyed products are increasingly popular. Not real silk, chemical fiber, rayon, cotton yarn, also can be blended and Silk weaving, dyeing bobbins which led the industry in the yarn is widely available. General yarn before dyeing tube blanks need to be purchased to suit the yarn package dyeing contact with the "pine-style cheese" for the next procedure to use, so slack increasing demand for precision windingExisting domestic slack winding machine structure is generally focused on single-spindle drive mode, usually including winding, yarn, over-feed, such as several sports, the use of mechanical gears and cam completion, for a variety of yarns of different winding process, equipment is more difficult to adjust; yarn organizations to adopt a grooved drum and rotary wing, for some high-end yarn is easy to produce injury; the same time as the structure is used in mechanical transmission, winding speed is not high. This pine-style winding currently abroad has been completely based on electronic gear and all digital electronic cam winding structure, namely, the independent single spindle drive; winding, traversing yarn guide, yarn over-feed, tension compensation are used separate motor control the movement of the relationship between the motor can be described by parameter setting, flexible response to various characteristics of the yarn winding process needs; traversing yarn guide used the "yarn guide", commonly known as "rabbit head" , damage to the yarn is very small, especially for high-grade yarn-dyed yarn winding; In addition, as the motor drive there is no direct mechanical connection, combined with high-speed precision motion control software algorithms, can easily achieve high precision cross-winding, winding speed of winding is much larger than mechanical slack, greatly improving the efficiency of the windingBeijing and Li Technology Co., Ltd. through the motor and domestic well-known textile machinery group co slack for precision winding process characteristics, in their many years of accumulation of the servo and motion control technology, based on the successful development of the country for the first time round with their own Intellectual property rights of high-speed precision slack winding electrical control program. The scheme has good performance and low cost, greatly enhancing the domestic slack winder automation level, the major technical indicators have reached the level of similar foreign equipment.System control program profilesSingle-spindle control, for example, a system control program shown in Figure principle, traverse the motor shaft connected to a wire wheel, wire wheel through the positive and negative spin-driven fastening the wire yarn guide and move around, to achieve cross-yarn Fixed cable movement; winding yarn tube direct-drive rotary motor, to achieve the yarn winding movement, the horizontal motion and the synthesis of the two movements after winding yarn showed the shape of a spiral wire wound on bobbins surface back and forth . Tension compensation and over-feed motor is mainly used to control the motor in the process of yarn winding tension.The yarn guide traverse the program uses a motor through the unique design of the ultra-small inertia servo motor, motor winding, and over-feed is also used in custom designed high-speed brushless DC motor, the tension motor uses a common step motor. Figure in the "single-spindle control driver" is and the benefits of the motor development in its own all-digital AC servo drive, based on the embedded high-speed electronic yarn winder precision motion control algorithms, winding brushless motors speed control and special yarn tension control strategy based motor drive control system. The whole system is simple, functional and communication through the adjustment of the keyboard or the "single-spindle control driver" parameter can be easily set up the internal memory of yarn winding forming the geometric parameters (full tube diameter, to close edge amplitude, etc.), winding the line speed , the winding ratio, traverse the length of yarn, hard-edged trim tube differential amplitude, differential cycle, the cam curve of the differential parameters, along with RS232, RS485, CAN bus communication interface of three, can easily complete networked multi-spindle control, the full realization of flexible digital winding. The main technical parameters are listed below:Than the control winding 2.000 12.000;      Traverse to the acceleration of the servo motor for up to 8000r/s2, reciprocating frequency of the maximum is 800 beats / minute, 160 per minute0 commutation;     Traverse servo motor function with dynamic range automatically give change, no external zero position sensor;     Embedded winding and compensation for the three over-feed and tension motor control, can drive, brushless DC motor driver, stepper motor driver interface, easy to realize the winding motor, over-feed motor and motor control tension compensation ;Embedded winding and compensation for the three over-feed and tension motor control, can drive, brushless DC motor driver, stepper motor driver interface, easy to realize the winding motor, over-feed motor and motor control tension compensation ;          A variety of real-time parameter display, such as the actual line speed, yarn diameter cylinder, reciprocating frequency;     Multiple fault protection measures, such as abnormal parameters, motor speed, dynamic range tolerance, hardware fault, etc.;Operating parameters in real time with power-down protection functions, such as the length of winding, winding diameter;Introduction to traverse servo motor controTo ensure the bobbins with good dyeing properties, need to start winding to the full tube diameter between any point on the yarn on the cheese into the interchange in space, not parallel to each other to ensure that each yarn is no overlap That is the need for winding bobbins for precise control over. The so-called winding ratio, is the yarn guide traverse back and forth each time, the number of laps winding bobbins. The traditional cross-grooved drum winding winding (any winding), a constant winding ratio of precision winding, three forms of NC layer winding, the program mainly to achieve a constant winding ratio, and numerical precision cross-winding layer Winding two functionsIn order to achieve precision cross-winding, "Control of single spindle drive " real-time collection through the winding motor feedback encoder pulse signal calculation of real-time speed, precision winding process according to the requirements come with a unique numerical algorithm traverse servo motor speed reference Instructions to ensure the traverse servo motor speed and the winding ratio of the motor speed according to the definition of the winding to maintain a certain relationship, so that the yarn helix shape of space around the bobbins on the back and forth. Winding through the precise control over, winding the yarn back and forth to each other cross, do not overlap, that clever use of electronic gear and electronics to replace mechanical cam and cam gear to achieve precision yarn winding tubeIn addition to differential electronic cam algorithm to eliminate hard-edged technology, the program has achieved full of original yarn guide for minimum arc length control algorithm to take full advantage of the high-speed DSP digital signal processor computing power, real-time calculation and correction Yarn guide traverse servo motor and the motor drive winding bobbins cam curve law, ensure that in any winding speed and winding diameter state, the yarn guide to the arc length for the minimum, maximum cylinder to eliminate winding yarn Hard-edged phenomenon.Introduction to the winding wire speed controlTheoretically, the line speed winding bobbins with yarn winding tube radius changes, and changes in velocity fluctuations directly caused by the winding tension, which will affect the yarn quality and yarn tube forming the mechanical and physical properties . If the outer yarn yarn tension greater than the inner tension, it is easy to produce cheese yarn extrusion outer edge of the inner bulge phenomenon of yarn; if the yarn tension during the change is too large, may easily lead to a result of winding yarn Stretch yarn tension there different rates in different, which requires the winding process to minimize tension and pressure fluctuations. Therefore, apart from ensuring a constant pressure on bobbins to ensure the relative stability of the control of winding speed is an important measure tension fluctuationAbout Tension ControlProcessing precision winding yarn tension directly affects the size of the tightness of winding bobbin, thus affecting the capacity of cheese around the yarn and the difficulty of dyeing and processing of yarn breakage rate, so all kinds of precision winding winding machines are part of the yarn tension control, especially for the yarn package dyeing process with tension, not be too big to get the slack drum, is conducive to staining. In addition to taking measures to ensure the program is relatively constant yarn winding speed, but also another design of a tension adjustment device decreases, the use of a stepper motor control of the tension lever. Online Speed up Process, by adjusting the stepper motor rotation status, control the angle of the tension lever to change the yarn strength by holding the door of the gate in order to ensure constant tension winding; Also in accordance with the special bobbins "in tight outside Song, "the process requirements, the radius can be adjusted according to yarn winding tension rod tube angle, to ensure that small-diameter tube when winding yarn winding tension, winding tension and large diameterPrecision winding, yarn, textile machinery textile process to improve the quality of key equipment, high-speed precision digital winding program successfully mastered the high-speed precision yarn winding process in the "KNOW HOW", all with permanent magnet motor drive technology, machine energy consumption is far lower than the conventional variable frequency motor drive equipment. At the same time the flexible use of digital control technology, is ideal for high-grade fabric in many varieties, small batch production of bobbins, with good social and economic benefits. And facilitate the development of the motor technology company involved in the innovative electronic control solutions, digital servo motor and drive, precision motion control, and computer network communication technology, is a typical high-tech mechanical and electrical integration of control programs is to use digital control a typical case of the transformation of traditional industries 字典 - 查看字典详细内容机械控制在现代纺织工业的应用些年，随着人们审美意识增强和生活水平的提高，高档色织产品愈加受到人们喜爱。不仅仅真丝绸，化纤丝、人造丝、混纺纱和棉纱等也可采用色丝织造，这就促使纱筒染色工艺在色织行业获得广泛应用。一般纱筒染色前需要将外购的坯纱络成适合于筒子染色用的“松式筒子”供下道工序用，因此松式精密络筒机的需求日益增加。国内现有的松式络筒机整机结构一般采用单锭集中传动方式，通常包括卷绕、导纱、超喂等几种运动，采用机械齿轮和凸轮机构完成，针对各种纱线不同的络筒工艺，设备调整比较困难；导纱机构采用的是槽筒和旋转翼片，对一些高档纱线易产生损伤；同时由于采用的是机械传动结构，卷绕速度不高。目前国外这种松式络筒机已经完全采用基于电子齿轮和电子凸轮的全数码卷绕结构，即单锭独立传动；卷绕、横动导纱、纱线超喂、张力补偿均采用单独电机控制，各电机之间的运动关系可通过参数设置进行描述，灵活应对各种特性的纱线卷绕工艺的需要；横动导纱采用的是“导纱器”，即俗称的“兔子头”，对纱线的损伤很小，特别适用于高档色织纱线的卷绕；另外由于各电机在机械上没有直接的传动连接，辅以高速精密运动控制软件算法，可以很方便地实现高速精密交叉卷绕，络纱速度远大于机械式松式络筒机，大大提高了络纱效率。北京和利时电机技术有限公司通过和国内著名纺机集团合作，针对精密松式络筒机的工艺特点，在自身多年伺服和运动控制技术积累的基础上，在国内首次开发成功全面拥有自主知识产权的高速精密松式络筒机电气控制方案。整个方案具有良好的性能价格比，大大提升了国产松式络筒机的自动化水平，主要技术指标达到了国外同类设备的水平。系统控制方案简介   以单锭控制为例，系统控制方案原理如图一所示，横动电机轴连接一个钢丝轮，通过钢丝轮的正反旋转驱动紧固在钢丝上导纱器左右移动，实现纱线的横动排线运动；卷绕电机直接驱动纱筒旋转，实现纱线的卷绕运动，上述横动和卷绕两个运动合成后即表现为纱线以螺旋线的形状来回卷绕在纱筒表面。张力补偿电机和超喂电机则主要用于控制纱线卷绕过程中的张力。 本方案中横动导纱电机采用了一台经过独特设计的超小惯量伺服电机，卷绕和超喂电机采用的也是专门设计定制的高速无刷直流电机，张力电机采用了一台普通步进电机。图中的“单锭控制驱动器”是和利时电机公司在自有开发的全数字永磁交流伺服驱动器的基础上，嵌入了精密络筒机高速电子导纱运动控制算法、卷绕无刷电机速度控制和纱线张力控制策略的专用型电机驱动控制系统。整个系统结构简单，功能齐全，通过键盘或通信方式调整“单锭控制驱动器”内部存储器参数可以方便设置纱线卷绕成形的几何参数（满筒直径，收边幅度等），卷绕的线速度，卷绕比，往复动程长度，纱筒硬边修整的差动幅度、差动周期、差动凸轮曲线等各项工艺参数，同时具备RS232、RS485、CAN总线三种通信接口，可以很方便完成多锭联网控制，完全实现柔性化数码卷绕。主要技术参数列举如下： 卷绕比控制范围2.00012.000；   横动伺服电机换向加速度高达8000r/s2，往复频率最大为800次/分钟，即每分钟1600次换向；     横动伺服电机具备动程自动找零功能，无需外接零位传感器；     内嵌有卷绕、超喂和张力补偿三个电机的控制功能，可与变频器、直流无刷电机驱动器、步进电机驱动器方便接口，实现卷绕电机、超喂电机和张力补偿电机的控制；     具备空筒直径校准功能；     多种实时参数显示，如实际线速度、纱筒直径、往复频率等；     多种故障保护措施，如参数异常、电机超速、动程超差、硬件故障等； 实时工作参数具备掉电保护功能，如卷绕长度、卷绕直径等；横动伺服电机控制简介为了保证纱筒具备良好的染色性能，需要从开始卷绕到满筒之间任何直径点上，筒子上的纱线在空间上成立体交叉，彼此都不平行，保证每层纱线没有重叠，就是说需要对纱筒的卷绕比进行精密控制。所谓卷绕比，就是横动导纱钩每往复一次，纱筒卷绕的圈数。交叉卷绕有传统的槽筒卷绕（任意卷绕）、恒定卷绕比精密卷绕、数控分层卷绕三种形式，本方案主要实现了恒定卷绕比精密交叉卷绕和数控分层卷绕两种功能。     为了实现精密交叉卷绕，“单锭控制驱动器”通过实时采集卷绕电机反馈编码器脉冲信号计算其实时速度，根据精密卷绕工艺要求，用独特数控算法得出横动伺服电机的速度给定指令，以保证横动伺服电机转速与卷绕电机转速按照卷绕比的定义保持一定关系，让纱线以空间螺旋线的形状往复绕在纱筒上。通过精密控制卷绕比，往复卷绕的纱线彼此交叉，不重叠，也就是说巧妙采用电子齿轮和电子凸轮取代机械齿轮和凸轮传动实现纱筒的精密卷绕。待添加的隐藏文字内容2     为了实现精密卷绕的高速性能，需要横动伺服电机在做往复运动时，能够快速换向，这就要求伺服电机具备较高的转矩惯量比，为此对横动伺服电机进行了独特优化设计，以保证电机转子惯量尽可能小。同时伺服驱动器的电机控制算法在高动态响应性方面也做了针对性的设计，采用PID控制结合模糊控制算法，保证伺服电机速度在不产生超调的情况下，尽可能短时间内完成换向。由于横动电机换向时，不论多快，都会因为换向加减速造成有硬边现象出现，按照机械式络筒机硬边消除原理，在“单锭控制驱动器”中嵌入了差动凸轮运动规律算法，周期性地实时变换横动导纱器的换向点，完成硬边消除功能。同时可以根据不同纱线特性，选择不同的差动凸轮曲线，设置差动周期和幅度。    除了采取差动电子凸轮算法消除硬边技术外，本方案还富有独创性地实现了导纱器最小换向弧长的控制算法，充分利用了DSP数字信号处理器高速运算能力，实时计算和修正横动导纱伺服电机与纱筒卷绕电机传动的凸轮曲线规律，保证在任何卷绕转速和卷绕直径状态下，导纱器换向的弧长最小，最大限度地消除卷绕纱筒的硬边现象。   卷绕线速度控制简介理论上分析，纱筒卷绕的线速度随纱筒的卷绕半径变化而变化，而线速度的变化直接引起卷绕张力的波动，从而会影响纱筒的成形质量和纱线的机械物理性能。如果外层纱的张力大于内层纱的张力，就容易产生筒子外层纱挤压内层纱的胀边现象；如果络纱过程中张力变化过大，也会容易造成纱线因络纱张力不同出现纱线拉伸率不同，这就要求在络筒过程中尽量减小张力及压力的波动。所以除保证恒定纱筒压力外，保证卷绕速度相对稳定是控制张力波动的一项重要措施。     张力控制简介精密卷绕加工时纱线张力的大小直接影响筒子卷绕的松紧度，从而影响筒子绕纱的容量和染色的难易，并影响纱线加工的断头率，因而各种精密卷绕络筒机都有纱线的张力控制环节，特别是供筒子染色用的纱线的加工张力，不宜过大，以获得松式卷筒，有利于染色。本方案除了采取措施保证相对恒定的纱线卷绕线速度外，还另外设计有一个张力递减调节装置，采用一个步进电机控制的张力调节杆。在线速度升速过程中，通过调节步进电机的转角状态，控制张力调节杆的角度，改变纱线通过的门栅夹持力度，以保证卷绕张力恒定；另外按照特殊纱筒“里紧外松”的工艺要求，可以根据纱筒卷绕半径调节张力杆的角度，保证卷绕纱筒小直径时卷绕张力大，大直径时卷绕张力小。  超喂电机控制简介精密卷绕过程中纱线线速度肯定大于纱筒退绕线速度，张力值也因此增大，而过大的张力不但得不到优质纱筒，而且会增加纱线的断头，降低生产效率。因此，本方案采用了所谓“超喂”的办法，即送出纱线的速度大于卷取纱线的速度，将纱线卷绕时筒子“硬拖”纱线的状况改变成缓和地卷取纱线的状况，从而减少断头，获得满意的松式卷绕筒子。纱线在超喂滚筒上环绕的圈数取决于超喂量的大小，一般的超喂量控制值在102106（一圈情况下）之间。     精密络筒、络丝机器是纺织工艺中提高纺织品质量的关键设备，高速精密数码卷绕方案成功掌握了纱线高速精密卷绕工艺中的“KNOW HOW”，全部采用永磁电机驱动技术，机器能耗远远低于传统的变频电机传动设备。同时由于采用了柔性化数码控制技术，非常适合于高档织物的多品种、小批量纱筒生产，具有良好的社会经济效益。和利时电机技术公司开发的该创新解决方案涉及了电子控制，数字伺服电机和驱动、精密运动控制、和计算机网络通信等技术，是典型的高技术机电一体化控制方案，也是采用数字控制技术改造传统产业的典型案例