新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读及翻译第七单元.doc

Unit SevenSupporting Science【Homework】What Projects Should Be Funded?Suppose that you are the Financial Minister of the city, you are in charge of allocating $10,000.000 to some scientific projects that are thought to be rewarding and well-deserved. You are required to present sound justifications for each project. Unit Seven Key to Exercises . Comprehension Check1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.AReasons for supporting scienceExamples1. Investing time and money into applied research and product development is important, and the challenge of reducing knowledge to practical applications in the form of a product is an intellectually satisfying pursuit and an obvious necessity to industry.1. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center2. ARPANET2. Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking.3. There is no useless research.G. W. Hardys mistaken opinion dinosaur paleontology (略). Vocabulary Studyi l. downsized 2. dynamic 3. yield 4. had guaranteed 5. inflict 6. budget 7. Priority 8. accelerating 9. shirk 10. vitally 11. jeopardize l2. criteria ii l. aggregate 2. excessive 3. scrutiny 4. reap 5. opined 6. casualties 7. inception 8. prosperity 9. paradox l0. tangible ll. life expectancy l2. vistasAdj.NegativeAdj.negativedeniableundeniablecredibleincrediblerelevantirrelevantmatureimmaturepredictableunpredictablesatisfyingdissatisfyingappropriateinappropriatemonetaryNon-monetaryreliableunreliablecertainuncertainexpectedunexpectedlikelyunlikely待添加的隐藏文字内容2. Clozel.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 1l.D l2.D 13.A l4.B l5.A l6.B l7.C 18.C l9.D 20.C .Translation 1. Black people in the area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2. The government officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short-term Projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.3. The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, as a result of which there was a serious talent drain.4. We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof. If any of you would like to make a contribution, we shall be most grateful.5. The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments, in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.6. The speech that the chairman delivered at the conference made much sense to regain the employees confidence.原文：1. 那个地区的黑人向政府投诉，宣称他们经常遭受当地警察官员的种族袭击。2. 政府官员总是愿意把科学技术应用于短期的研究项目上，这对科学发展是十分不利的。3. 前任经理不想投资时间和金钱培训随时都会离开公司的员工，因而造成了大量的人才流失。4. 我们正在集资来修复教堂的屋顶。如果你们中间有人想贡献一份力量，我们会不胜感激。5. 目前科学家们在集中精力进行试验，以求找到治疗癌症的有效方法。6. 主席在会上的发言对于恢复员工的信心是非常有意义的。. Writing Practicel) To be really impressive you must convey a sense of self confidence and enthusiasm for work.2) It provides something our family can have in common to discuss.3) Cigarette smoking can affect unborn babies.Key to Supplementary ReadingsA l. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. BB 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. TEditor's note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the world's first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, I've still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, you'd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. I'm anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.It's like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line "we" would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and "capcom" (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, "Fearless Felix" will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way I'd miss this.