A Brief Study on the Translation of China English英语毕业论文.doc

学号8111107019院系外国语学院 西安翻译学院XIAN FANYI UNIVERSITY 本科毕业论文（设计）Dissertation for Bachelors Degree题 目： A Brief Study on the Translation of China English 学生姓名： 指导教师： 学科专业： 英 语 2012年5月Abstract Nowadays,English has developed into an international language.It is just like the economic development which has the trend of globalization and the characteristic of localization.At the same time,with the continuous deepening of China's reform and opening-up policy as well as modification,China's international status has been raised.All these trends have increase the world's enthusiasm to get a closer and closer look at China.But due to the culture gap between English and Chinese,a large number Chinese terms cannot find the exact translation in English.In fact,many mistakes have appeared through the process of translation of terms with Chinese characteristics.Therefore,China English has emerged in our modern society. China English is to describe or express unique Chinese ideas and phenomena in Chinese culture based on the common core of the English language.It is the combination of Chinese culture and the English language.What's more,as translation is the bridge among different languages,the translation of China English especially the terms with Chinese characteristics is one of the most important ways to make Chinese culture understood and learned by people all around the world. We have a long way to go.Only with the spirit of innovation as well as the profound knowledge of China English can we accepted by the whole world. Key Words:China English;Chinese Characteristics;translation;culture gap摘 要 当今的英语已成为世界性的语言,它像经济发展一样既有全球化的趋势,又有地方化的特征。同时，随着中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设步伐的不断加快和程度的不断加深，中国综合国力不断增加，国际地位不断提升。所有这些都使得世界上越来越多的人想要了解中国。但由于英汉文化的差异,在用英语表示中国社会文化中特有的事物与现象时,经常发现空词项,即英语中无对应表达法,出现了表达真空，甚至在翻译有中国特色的词汇时，出现了错译的情况。因此，中国英语也就应运而生了。中国英语是以规范英语为核心，用来表达中国特有事物与现象的一种英语变体。中国英语是英语与中国文化结合的产物。而翻译更是不同语言之间沟通的桥梁。中国英语的翻译是把中国推向世界、让世界更加了解中国的一个重要的途径。这并不容易。但只要我们有创新精神以及对中国英语的深刻了解和认知，就一定能扩大中国英语在世界的影响力。关键词：中国英语；中国特色；翻译；文化差异ContentsAbstract in EnglishiAbstract in Chineseii2. Some features of China Englishv2.1 China English vs.Chinglishv2.1.1 The definition of China Englishv2.1.2 The definition of Chinglishv2.1.3 The difference between China English and Chinglishvi2.2 Some typical features of China Englishvii2.2.1 Lexical featuresvii2.2.2 Syntactical featuresvii2.2.3 Discourse featuresviii3. Some typical reasons for mistranslating China Englishix3.1 cultural differencesix3.2 differences in the way of thinkingx3.3 the language differencesxi3.3.1 Lexical meaning differencesxi3.3.2 Idioms differencesxiii3.3.3 Syntactic differencesxiii4.Some correct skills of translating China Englishxvi4.1 transliterationxvi4.2 fabricate translationxvii4.3 Literal Translationxix4.4 Translationxx4.5 Significance of the vocabulary of English in Chinaxxi5. Conclusionxxiv6.AcknowledgementsiWorks Citedi1.Introduction Since the 19th century,English has been used in China for over 180 years. Especially in the past 50 years, English has become a global language, accelerated in the course of globalization also brings extensive localization. As the inter-influence and inter-infiltration between Chinese and English cultures, many Chinese Borrowings become a partof Normal English. Because of language transfer in the English language acquisition process, China English appears, which is always confused with Chinglish.In 1980, Mr. GeChuanGui first use "China English" as a serious concept is introduced, and the Chinese English and China English from the rest. He said: "in old China and the new China, speak or write English in China are some peculiar things to express. Such as Confucianism (Confucianism), the Four Books (Four Books), Five through (Five Classics), imperial examinations (imperial examination), knowledge economy (knowledge economy), etc. China English is to describe or express unique Chinese ideas and phenomena in Chinese culture based on the common core of the English language. thus its necessity to exist and develop into a kind of systematic and scientific language variety as British and American English do. Actually,the early China English appeared in Hong Kong area. And lots of them were used in daily life acquainted from foreigners.We use our own way to obtain the English composition.For example: say "hello" say "Long time no see", etc. But in into English new words' many of the Chinese style English is a kind of typical "not tunnel" phenomenon, is a kind of Chinese characteristic, have obviously different from standard English expression. With China's reform opening-up policy and the development of political economy, international exchange become more and more frequently. What's more, is Chinese region colorific English-" China English "the study of it will become more and more important. 2. Some features of China English2.1 China English vs.Chinglish2.1.1 The definition of China English China English is a variant of the English language used by Chinese for communication under their specific circumstance dwelling on the traditional Standard English and combing with Chinese history, custom and thinking patterns. China English used in China, for example“Little Red Book”was created by Westerners, which was never used in China. As British English and American English are two main stream of old English, Standard English does not exist, so China English obeys rules of Normative English. Above all, China English is based on Normative English, isnot interfered by native language and aims to guide the world to China and introduce China to the world-through transliteration, metaphor translation and semantic regeneration.2.1.2 The definition of ChinglishWhile there is another term Chinglish ( Chinese English) , which is easily confused with the term“China English”. The phrase "Chinglish" is listed in the book International English Usage authored by British scholar Todd and American scholar Hancock(1986) who expound Chinese English in the aspects of phonology,lexicon and grammar It is an interlanguage used by Chinese learners who have not master the native English. In 1972, Mr. L. Selinker, firstly put forward the concept of“interlanguage”: the interim grammars formed by second language learners in the psychological process of language learning.2.1.3 The difference between China English and Chinglish The features are the phenomena of linguistic interference from the native language and linguistic transfer.From the above definitions of China English andChinese English, similarities can be seen that they both have the phenomena of linguistic transfer, and differences are much more evident: 1)China English refers to the group linguistic feature in contrast with the individual linguistic feature, as the Chinese English does; 2) The interference of Chinese factors and Chinese thinking pattern in China English is desirable and is used to meet the need of some special aims; whilethat in the Chinese English is undesirable and unconscious3）To sum up，Chinglish and China English are both related and distinguishableOn one hand，both of them are to put across the unique things in China and thus have Chinese featuresOn the other hand；with new vocabulary and structure China English is normative English and it will increase its strength with further publicity to the outside world while Chinglish is improper use of English due to poor knowledge to the English language and culture and shall accordingly hinder the communication with other culturesIn future，Chinglish will probably diminish or even disappear with the deepening of culture communication between China and other countries2.2 Some typical features of China English2.2.1 Lexical features The lexical features of China English are mainly shown in the Chinese borrowings entering English.It takes Standard English as its core and the English language enriches itself by absorbing Chinese borrowed words.Its features can be described as substantial, low-out rate, flexible and diversified translation forms and accurate.Many Chinese loan words appear in English magzines and newspapers.For example: Confucianism(儒家思想)、 Five Classics(五经)、 paper tiger(纸老虎)、 Great Leap Forward(大跃进)、 Cultural Revolution (文化大革命)、Chinese herbal medicine(中草药)等;反映中国时代变化的词汇:two civilizations (两个文明)、 One China Policy(一个中国政策)、 iron rice bowl (铁饭碗)、 opendoor policy(开放政策)、 floating population(流动人口)、 vegetable basket project(菜篮子工程)、 emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts(解放思想、实事求是)、 special economic zone (经济特区)、 reform and openingup program (改革开放)、 the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics (建设有中国特色的社会主义事业).Even some idiomatic expressions are being accepted by English-speaking countries.2.2.2 Syntactical features China English at the syntactical level are chiefly reflects in segmental phonemes,such as:stress, juncture,reduction,assimilation and so on.No matter how much you may know about English,the differences in intonation and pronunciation will exist between Chinese people and the native speakers.But these differences will not affect our normal interact with them.So some scholars hold the view that the intonation and pronunciation of China English should be subject to the hosts of China Central Television instead of sedulously imitating them of American and British English.For example,Ten thousand years are too long,seize the day and seize the hour(一万年太久，之争朝夕);Safety is first and prevention is most(安全第一，预防为主。)2.2.3 Discourse featuresAt present,the study of China English at discourse level is the weakest among the linguistic aspects of China English (Du Ruiqing an Jiang Yajun,2001:40 ) As sophisticated the analysis and description of discourse features are,Chinese experts and scholars have never given up their attempts to explore China English in this field:Owing to the affects of Chinese thinking patterns and Chinese syntax,China English tends to place a modifier forward which made China English sentences shorter and simpler in a text.And on the verbal,Chinese language seems to be more magnificent. English essay prefer to use the euphemistic sentence to present an opinion, while the Chinese prefer to be more straightforward. At the discourse level,the article written by Chinese have their unique patterns.The ways of writing is one part of it.Chinese often carry on their own cultures or method in writings.It is benefit to reserve it.3. Some typical reasons for mistranslating China English3.1 cultural differences First of all, language is part of the culture, no language can not be educated. Second, the language by cultural influences and domination. Broadly speaking, language is a national symbol, which contains the nation's history, cultural background and their way of life and thinking about life. Different languages from different cultures. Some of the language is culture-specific product, it is in other cultures do not exist. In Chinese, the owners see a visitor to the door, used to say: Please stay or your best. Directly translated into English, but stay here, please, or walk well, please in the English-speaking person sounds very ridiculous. Therefore, the lack of English social traditions and cultural understanding will produce Chinese-style English. In addition, the English folk and cultural backgrounds are different, the same analogy in the specific image may have different concepts and associations, and sometimes there will be a significant default. For example: that decade, to live "cow", sweeping the yard, let alone play his natural expertise. Here "cow" does not really mean a place to live cattle, "bull" refers to the "devil" here refers specifically to produce the class enemies during the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, the sentence should be translated: During the Cultural Revolution, he had beendetained illegally and made to sweep the yard. Another example: She believes that left the office, left the political department, is leaving politics, gossip on those who can not hear , who knows to leave the tank and jumped into the radish pickles pit."Pickle tank" and "carrot pit" is a unique expression of Chinese culture, the phrase "left the pickle tank and jumped into a turnip pit," the meaning of its literal meaning nothing. It expresses a "worse case" means. So, here should be a corresponding image to replace English: jumpout of the frying pan into the fire. In other words, in order to preserve the original culture, and sometimes must change its analog form.3.2 differences in the way of thinking Way of thinking is the thinking of a social group characteristics. Because language represents thought, and way of thinking is being affected by the impact and control. Chinese people's way of thinking and Western way of thinking is different, the Chinese way of thinking is the spiral, while the Western way of thinking is linear. Hope that the English king of Mexico, there are three modes of thinking: problem-solving model; overall and special type; with and contrast type. He made a number of Chinese students study found that the most notable feature is the speaker's implicit. 1 is well known that the Chinese way of thinking is a product of Chinese history and culture, Chinese people, conservative, humble personality is likely to be the foundation of its formation. Therefore, Chinese students often can not resist this negative transfer of mother tongue. Here to request information, for example, the following is a student's written request for leave: Mr. Zhou: I appreciate your lessons very much. You know how to teach English in an interesting way. I feel enjoyable in yourclass. And all my classmates regard you as one of their idealteachers. Winter is coming. It becomes colder and colder.Unfortunately I caught cold. So I have to ask for leave fortomorrow's English class.Yours respectfully,Place in English letters like straight to the point that the purpose of writing, on the contrary, the Chinese in the first to write a request letter the reasons for the request to render the back purposes. Therefore, when this format is directly translated into English language when it becomes ridiculous and illogical.3.3 the language differences From the linguistic point of view, the English part of the Germanic branch of Indo-European, and Chinese is a Sino-Tibetan language family, language differences mainly in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and structure. Inaccurate understanding of language, or even a misunderstanding of a word will result in Chinglish. Here the