会计英语Summary of accounting English.ppt

Summary of accounting English,Lesson 1 lesson 15,Lesson 1,General introduction,accounting vocabulary,account 帐目，帐户accounting 会计学，会计（核算）accountant 会计师Accounting system 会计系统Accounting department 会计部门,Account for 核算Take sth into account 考虑On account 赊.分期付款,Account,有很多意思，常见的主要是“说明、解释；计算、帐单；银行帐户”。例如：Id like to open a bank account.我想开一个银行存款帐户accounting 会计、会计学。例如：Accounting is a process of recording,classifying，summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary terms.会计是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释的过程。,Accountant 会计师、会计人员。例如：A certified public accountant or CPA,as the term is usually abbreviated,must pass a series of examinations,after which he or she receives a certificate.注册会计师（或，注册会计师的缩写），必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。,is an information system that.,measures business activities,processes information,and.,communicates financial information.,Accounting.,Groups of Users,External users InvestorsBankers and suppliersGovernment agenciesEmployeesOthers,Internal usersManagers:direct the operation take charge of end-product of accounting,Fields of Accounting,Financial accountingManagement accounting,Types of accountants,Private accountant:particular business firm salary basis industrial accountant,enterprise accountantPublic accountant:work individually or within a firm on a fee basis(如CPA)General services:auditing,taxation,management advisoryGovernmental accounting/non-profit accounting work on a salary basis,Types of accounting,Cost accountingTaxation accountingBudgetary accountingAuditingSocial accountingInternational accounting,Partnerships,Corporations,Types of Business Organizations,Proprietorships,Lesson 2,GAAP,Accounting vocabulary,Material n.材料,原料,物资,adj.物质的,重要的,实质性的 materiality 重要性，重要性Period n.时期,学时 adj.过去某段时期的 periodic adj.周期的,定期的 periodicity n.,Publicly owned corporation 公开发行股票的公司 public corporation/listed companyUnderlie 成为的基础，在之下 underlying adj.在下面的,根本的,潜在的,商优先的 underlying documentsource document 原始凭证y,GAAP,Accounting guidelines,formulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board,that govern how accountants measure,process,and communicate financial information.,Fundamental assumptions,economic entitygoing concern monetary unitperiodicity,The Stable-Monetary-Unit Concept：The dollars purchasing power is relatively stable.The Going Concern Concept：The entity will continue to operate in the futureThe Time Period Concept It requires that accounting information be reported at regular intervals.(it interacts with the revenue principle and the matching principle),Basic principles,Historical costRevenue realizationMatching ConsistencyFull disclosureObjectivityMaterialityIndustry practiceconservatism,The Reliability(Objectivity)Principle:Information must be reasonably accurate.Information must report what actually happened.Information must be free from bias Individuals would arrive at similar conclusions using same data.The Cost Principle:Assets and services acquired should be recorded at their actual cost.,Public Sector(SEC),Private Sector(FASB),Private Sector(AICPA)(AAA),GAAP,The Authority Underlying Accounting,Lesson 3,Accounting system,Accounting vocabulary,Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求,要求权,主张,要求而得到的东西 vt.(根据权利)要求,认领,声称,主张 claim against a company for compensation要求公司赔偿Accrue 自然增加,产生 If you keep the money in the saving bank,interest accrues.accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息,Assets,Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式，即词尾要有“s”。如果不用复数形式，就成为“宝物，天赋、技能”的意思。例如：Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values；for instance，cash，inventory，buildings，equipment.资产是指企业所拥有的、具有货币价值的财产，如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。,Accounting elements-Liabilities,liability 的复数形式。它的意思是法律上的责任、义务。如 liability for an accident（肇事的责任）；liability to pay taxes（纳税的义务）。只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务的意思。例如：Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future.负债是指将来需用货币或服务偿还的债务或履行义务。,Own VS Owe,Own拥有 I own the house owner 所有者 ownership 所有权，物主身份Owe owe sth to sb,owe sb sth,owe for sth 欠，负债,he owe his father$50.,Accounting elements-Owners equity,由 owner(所有者、业主)和 equity权益）构成为“业主权益”。例如：Owners equity represents the owners interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities.业主权益代表业主对企业净资产的权益或要求权，净资产是指企业的资产总额与负债之间的差额。Owners equity include owner s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation.业主权益包括业主的投资以及企业自开业以来积累的经营成果。,Accounting elements revenue&expense,Revenue n.收入,国家的收入,税收 revenue account 收入帐户,营业收入帐户会计,收益帐,进款帐 revenue charge/revenue expenditure营业支出 Expense n.费用,开支 expense book 费用帐簿 expense ledger 费用分类帐 expense account 报销单expenditure account 开支支出帐目,Transaction,In accounting,it is any event that affects the financial position of the business and can be reliably recorded,The Accounting Equation,EconomicResources,Claims toEconomicResources,Assets,=,Liabilities+Owners Equity,Assets,liabilities&Owners Equity,Assets It is something a company owns which has future economic value.Liabilities It is something a company owesOwners Equity It is whats left of the assets after liabilities have been deducted(net assets),Revenue&Expense,Revenue are amounts received or to be received from customers for sales of products or services.expenses?They are amounts that have been paid or will be paid later for costs that have been incurred to earn revenue,Transactions are recorded when revenues areearned or expenses are incurred.,Transactions are recorded when cash is paid or cash is received.,The Two Bases of Accounting:,Accounting Period,Interim period statements monthly quarterly semi-annuallyAccounting year:At the end of each accounting period,business transactions are summarized and reported to various users fiscal year,Lesson 4,Accounting cycle,Debit n.借方,借 vt.记入借方 debit item 借项 debit entry 借方分录Debt 债务 如the national debt（国债）。debt capital 借入资本 debt management policy 债务管理政策 debtor n.债务人 debtor and creditor account 债权债务帐户,Debit&credit,Debit&credit,Credit n.信用、信誉、名声、名誉挂帐、赊 帐，在簿记上就是“贷方”意思。vt.相信,信任,把.归给 credit account(客户购货的）赊购账；信用账户;credit items 贷项;credit rating n.客户信贷分类 on credit 赊帐 credit sale 赊卖,先售货后收款 Credible 可信的,可靠的 creditor 债权人 eg.creditor investor 债权投资人,Double entry,Entry n.登录,条目,进入,入口,商报关手续 entry fee 报名费;entry visa 入境签证复式记帐是会计学上的专有词汇。例如：In double entry accounting，which is in almost universal use,there are equal debit and credit entries for every transaction.在复式记帐会计（几乎普遍使用）中，每笔交易的借方和贷方记入的数字相等。,Leger,在簿记上是分类帐的意思，可以和其他词汇搭配，构成许多会计词汇。如ledger accounts（分类帐户）、general ledger（总分类帐）、subsidiary ledger（明细分类帐）等Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions effect on an accounting entity.分类帐户被用来记录交易对会计主体的影响。Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger.使用明细分类帐使总分类帐更加简化明了。,Journal 流水帐，日记(帐)journal account Journalise v.写入日记,记入流水帐In a journal entry,the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together,but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger,the debits and credits are entered in different accounts.日记帐上记帐时，既定交易的借方和贷方一起被记录，但在分类帐记录中，一笔交易的借方和贷方进入不同的帐户中。Post 邮政、投寄;过账;联系:从一处往另一处（含地点上的和账簿上的）,The Accounting Cycle,The accounting cycle is the process by which accountants prepare financial statements for an entity for a specific period of time.For a new business,begin by setting up ledger accounts.For an established business,begin with account balances carried over from the previous period,asset accounts,CashNotes ReceivableAccounts ReceivablePrepaid ExpensesLandBuildingEquipment,liability accounts,Notes PayableAccounts PayableAccrued Liabilities(for expenses incurred but not paid)Long-term Liabilities(bonds),owners equity accounts,Capital or owners interest in the businessWithdrawalsRevenuesExpenses,Double-Entry Accounting,Double entry bookkeeping means to record the dual effects of each business transaction.Assets are on the left(debit)side.Liabilities and Equity are on the right(credit)side.Double-entry system requires:each transaction is recorded with a least one debit and one credit,and total debits must equal total credits,T-account,Journals,It is a list in chronological order of all the transactions for a business.date of the transactiontitle of the account debitedtitle of the account creditedamount of the debit and creditdescription of the transactiondollar signs are omitted,Ledger,It is a digest of all accounts utilized by an entity during an accounting period.,Posting,It is the transfer of information from the journal to the appropriate accounts in the ledger.,Analyzing and Journalizing,Record the following transactions in journal account,then post it to different individual accounts,and present the effect of these transaction on the accounting equation.,John opened his own business,namely John Car.within a month,the business has the following events happenedA.received cash of$25,000 from the ownerB.paid$700 cash to purchase supplies.C.earned rental revenue on account,$500D.purchased on account office furniture at a cost of$600,E.received cash on account,$900F.paid cash on account,$250G.sold land for$12,000,which was the cost of the landH.rented automobiles and received cash of$680I.paid monthly office rent of$800,Exercise,For transactions,Requirement,Transaction analysis and journalizationT-account Accounting equation,Daniel Peavy owns and operates an architectural firm called Peavy Design.The following amounts summarize the financial position of his business on April,30,2005.assets=liabilities+owners equityCash Receivable Land accou.payble 23,6601,720 3,240 24,100 5,400,During may 2005,the following events occurredPeavy received$12,000 as a gift and deposited the cash in the business bank account.Paid off the beginning balance of accounts payablePerformed services for a client and received cash of$1,100Collected cash from a customer on account,$750Purchased supplies on account,$720Consulted on the interior design of a major office building and billed the client for services,rendered,$5,000,g.Invested personal cash of$1,700 in the businessh.Recorded the following business expenses for the month:1.Paid office rent,$1,200 2.Paid advertising,$660Sold supplies to another interior designer for$80 cash,which was the cost of the supplies.j.Withdrew cash of$4,000 for personal use.,Lesson 5,Accounting cycle 2,Advance,adj.前面的,预先的，预付(款项)贷款 advance note 预付票据，advance payment 预付款，advance wages 预付工资，advances received account 预收款帐户 I have received an advance payment.我已收到一笔预付款Advanced adj.高级的,年老的,先进的 advanced capitalist country 发达的资本主义国家,advance on 朝.前进,向.推进 advance on a promissory note 期票信贷 advance on()revenue 预收收入in advance 预先,Adjust,adjust account 调整帐目 adjust accounts 复算,核算 adjusting entry 调整记录,Earn,vt.赚,挣得,获得 v.赚得,获得Earned adj.挣得的 earned income 己获收益 earned interest 已获利息 Earning 所赚的钱,收入 earnings of capital 资本收益,Unearned,adj.不劳而获的,自然得到的,不相称的,不应得的 unearned profit 未获利益,预收利益,递延利润 unearned revenue 未获收入,Contra,n.反对,相反adv.反对地,相反地 contra account 对方对销帐户,抵销科目contra entry 对销,抵销记录,utility,n.效用,实用,功利,有用之物 The store deals in objects of domestic utility.那家商店出售家庭用品。公用事业;公用事业公司;公用事业公司股票 I found that I had forgotten to pay the bills for utilities.我发现忘了付水电及煤气的费用。adj.有多种用途的;通用的a utility knife多用途小刀 公用事业的utility companies公用事业公司,Adjusting Entries,Assign revenue to the period earned.Assign expenses to the period incurred.Bring related asset and liability accounts into correct balance.prepaid(预付)cash transaction occurs before an expense or revenue is recordedaccrued（应计）expense or revenue is recorded before the cash settlement,Accounts involved,Balance sheet accountsAssets prepaid(insurance)accumulated depreciation accounts receivableLiabilities(salaries/interest/utilities)payable unearned()revenue,Income statement accountsExpenses(n.+expense）(depreciation/insurance/commission/interest/utilities)expenseRevenue(n.+revenue)service fees earned/()revenue,A,Accumulated depreciation is a contra account to plant assets.,Contra Accounts,A contra account has a companion account.,contra accounts normal balance is opposite that of the companion account.,Requirement,Open a T-account for each account and record the adjustments directly in the accounts.Record each adjustment by letter.Show each accounts adjusted balance,The accounting records of Randall Roberts,Architect,include the following unadjusted balances at March 31:Accounts Receivable$1,000;Supplies$600 Salary Payable$0 Unearned Service Revenue$400 Service Revenue$4,700 Salary Expense$1,200 Supplies Expense$0,Roberts accountant develops the following data for the March 31 adjusting entries:A.Service revenue accrued,$2,000B.Unearned service revenue that has been earned,$200C.Supplies on hand,$100D.Salary owed to employee,$400,Lesson 6,Expire,vi.1.满期 届期(期限)终止 My lease will expire on September 30th of this year.我的租约今年九月三十日到期expired appropriation 过期的拨款 expired patent有效期已满的专利 expired cost 已耗成本(指过去所支付的一项资产成本，已不能再取得效益)Expiry/expiration date有效期限 满期日 终止日期,Temporary,temporary account=nominal account 短暂，虚帐户 temporary advance 临时预支，短期借款 temporay income 暂时收入 temporary investment 短期投资,Nominal,adj.名义上的,有名无实的,名字的,nominal accounts 名义帐目,虚帐户 nominal amount 面额nominal assets 名义资产nominal value 票面价值，券面价值(金额等)微不足道的 They pay a nominal fee.他们象征性地付一点费。,Permanent,Permanent account 实帐户 永久帐户 permanent assets 永久性帐户，固定资产 permanent capital owners equity permanent education 终身教育 permanent income 长久性收入 长久性收益,Offset,vt.1.补偿抵销 The pay raise will be offset by inflation.增加的工资会被通货膨胀所抵销 n.补偿 抵销 He has to offset his small salary by living economically.Offset account 抵销帐户,Withdraw,vt.收回;取回;提取(+from/out of)The government withdraws worn out money from use.政府收回旧币使之不再流通。Withdrawal 提款(存货)提货 It is not the banks policy to deduct interest on withdrawals.提款需扣除利息这并非是本银行的政策,Draw,draw a check 开一张支票 draw a cheque on a bank for 100 yuan向银行开一张一百元的支票 Drawing account 提款帐户(用于独资和合伙企业的一个暂记帐户)drawings 提款(对独资业主和合伙人的支付),Close,结束 终止 结清(帐目)商定(交易)I have closed my account at that bank.我已关停了我在该银行的帐户。收盘 The companys shares closed high yesterday.昨天该公司股票收盘价上扬close an account with 与.结清帐目 close off 结帐,Closing,n.结束 结帐 收盘 closing balance 期终余额 closing date 结帐日期 截止日期 closing entry 结帐分录 closing inventory 期末存货 closing price 收盘价格,Carry forward,v.发扬,结转【会】转次页，节转下页 c/f.carry down c/d.,Trial,试验用的，试用的trial balance 试算平衡表,Worksheet,n.1.工作单;备忘录;(学生的)活页练习题2.【电脑】(软件)电子试算表中的工作底稿,The Accounting Work Sheet,A work sheet is a multi-columned document used by accountants to help move data from the trial balance to the financial statements.Purpose of worksheet helps identify the accounts that need adjustments,Completing the accounting cycle,worksheet shows the amount of net income/loss for the periodRecording the adjusting entries(posting after trial balance)Closing the accountsPost-closing trial balance&reversing entry,Closing the accounts,To gets the accounts ready for next periodClosing consists of journalizing and posting the closing entriesAccounts involved expenses revenues income summary withdrawals,Closing the Accounts,Closing the accounts is the end of period process that prepares the accounts for recording transactions