Western and Chinese architecture.ppt

Western and Chinese architecture,建筑之家,Ancient Europe,1、Ancient Greek architecture2、Ancient Rome architecture,1、Ancient Greek architecture,Their thoughts about architecture:Give humans beauty to buildingsStyle:Simple,Magnificent,Natural and permanentMaterial:From wood to stoneHighest Contribution:ColumniationMagnum Opus:The Parthenon,Columniation,Ionic Order爱奥尼亚柱式,Doric Order多利克柱式,Definition:The style of each part of the stone girder and post structure system,and the way they are combined or connected.Classification:Ionic and DoricIts Effect:It is popular all over the world later and it is still used nowadays.,Magnum Opus:The Parthenon,Question:Where is The Parthenon?Why and how did Greek build The Parthenon?Why is The Parthenon the famous architecture at that time even today?,Where is The Parthenon?,The Parthenon is a temple located on the Acropolis,a hill overlooking the city of Athens,Greece.,Why and how did Greek build The Parthenon?,After the Greek victory in the Persian Wars,the Parthenon was proposed by Pericles in 5th century BC as a way to thank the goddess Athena for protecting the city.Unfortunately,her power was not strong enough to prevent the previous temple that sat on the grounds from being destroyed by the Persians.Construction began in 447 BC.The superstructure was finished by 438 BC,while exterior and interior decoration continued through to 433 BC.,Athena:Wisdom,War,Why is The Parthenon the famous architecture at that time even today?,Use Doric OrderEvery columniation is obliqueThere used to be a lot wonderful sculptures inside but they were taken away or destroyed,Why is The Parthenon the famous architecture at that time even today?,Todays Parthenon,2、Ancient Rome architecture,Ancient Rome architecture is the most refulgent chapter in the world architecture history.Most buildings are gathered in“permanent capital”Rome.Magnum Opus:Colossum and Pantheon,Some photos of Colosseum,Other examples of Roman architecture,Aqueducts:The architectes of ancient Rome uesd arches in the construction of their building,bridge,and other structures.Over a period of 500 years eleven aqueducts were built to bring water to Rome from as far away as 57 miles.Some of these aqueducts are still in use.They are about 2000 years old.,Other examples of Roman architecture,Baths:With the water system that the Aqueduct allowed,the Roman public baths got more sophisticated and grew in size as time went on.By the second century AD,public baths had grown in size and variety.The bath house also had a hookup to the complex Roman water system and so always had an ample source of water,for both bathing in and for drinking.The great sanitary conditions of the bath house were major factors that helped to make the Roman empire the cleanest society up until the 19th century.,Other examples of Roman architecture,Pantheon:The great monuments that the Romans leave behind show a great skill and an admiration for the accomplishments of their leaders and the grandeur of their empire.Most Roman monuments were constructed using the arch and had the details carved into them.The arch was usually very big and was a prominent feature of the skyline of the town in which it was located.,Chinese Architecture,1.The traditional chinese memorial archway.2.The temples are large and extravagant.4.The palaces are a pleasure to look at.3.The roofs are breathtaking and detailed to the last drop of gloss or paint.5.The Garden architecture.,Ancient Chinese architecture enjoys a long history and great achievements,and created many architectural miracles such as the Great Wall.There is so much more to Chinese Architecture than just that greet wall.,1.Traditional Chinese Memorial Archway,In ancient China,it was a glory for a person to have an archway built for him.,Memorial archways are usually made of stone,bricks,wood or cement.There were also archways built for officials of high level,important historical events,and the construction of famous temples.,The archway also could be built for a woman.,The women kept widowhood,and led a poor lie and brought their children up after their husbands died.They earned their two stone archways through their loneliness and hardship.The womens archway was for showing the influence of the family.,One fabulous example of Chinese architecture is the buddhist temple which can be found scattered around China.Unfortunately,there are not many of these temples left.,2.The temples,the most distinctive kinds of buddhist buildings in China are the stupa or pagoda.The pagoda was mainly used to house sacred objects.As the centuries passed,however,the shape of these temples took new forms.In the second and third century,the structures were basically made out of wood.,3.The palaces,Palaces are the most important architecture in china.The palaces is for emperor meeting in the early morning.,Momentum solemn and magnificent,grand scale and rigorous neat space pattern,give person intense spirit infection,authority who displays mainly an emperor.,4.The roofs,Roofs are an important part of Chinese architecture.In china,roofs did not only protect residences from the elements,they also had a deeper meaning.,Temple roofs were curved because the Buddhist believed that it helped ward off evil spirits which were believed to be straight lines.The temples roof is also made of glazed ceramic tiles and has an overhanging cave distinguished by a graceful upward slope.,One perfect example of splendid roofs would be located inside the wonderful palace,The Forbidden Palace.The thirteen tombs all have roof tiles which are a brilliant yellow,green,and red.The ridges of each roof carries figurines and/or mythical creatures.,The curve of each roof can be no more than a sweep and the most intricate designs on the roof are almost always pointing south-east.However,there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof.The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.,5.The Garden Architecture,Chinese gardens the ancient times,is to appreciate an environment that an integral whole such as the natural and artificial landscape,flowers and trees and building.,Classical Chinese garden design,which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature,is nowhere better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.They are generally acknowledged to be masterpieces of the genre.Dating from the 11th-19th century,the gardens reflect the profound metaphysical importance of natural beauty in Chinese culture in their meticulous design.,The form of Chinese ancient architecture is very different from that of the West ancient architecture.The influence of the different culture upon the architecture system has following aspect:,The difference between ancient European and ancient Chinese architecture,The difference of the architectural material.The architectural layout is different.The different development process.The dissimilarity of the esthetic sense.,1.The difference of the architectural material,Before the modern architecture,all the mature architectural systems,including Indian architecture which belongs to the East architecture,took brick as basal material,such as Pyramid of ancient Egypt,Temple of ancient Greece,Colosseum of ancient Roma,the waterway,Churchs of the Middle Ages Europe and so on.,temples-acropolis,Rome colosseum,Saturn temple,The Arch of Titus,Only the Chinese ancient architecture,making the main frame of the house with the timber,belonged to the wood structure system.So Chinese ancient architecture is called the historical records of the wood.,2.The architectural layout is different,reflecting the differentiation of the culture,the personality characteristic between Chinese and the West system.,The form of China is almost a structure,which is similar to a closed structure.The particular system,like Chinese characters,reflect the whole introverted culture.,Oppositely,the West architecture is liberal,and expand to a high empty.The West architecture is aloft.,3.The different development process of Chinese and the West architecture respects the different reform attitude.,Development process of Chinese architecture respects that Chinese architecture is conservative.The timber frame system,which Chinese ancient architecture makes as the main structure form,has discovered in some buildings of primitive society.Until the onset of modern architecture,it remained the most popular style in Chinese architecture.,The West architecture form is diversiform.,4.The dissimilarity of the esthetic sense between China and the West.,The building of China fix attention on the information.All ancient Chinese architecture was built according to strict rules of design that made Chinese building follow the ideas of Taoism or other Chinese philosoplies.,The West architecture deeply under the influence of the esthetics and mathematics logic.,Thank you!,