谢世钟宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展.ppt

S.Xie00.11.27,OND1,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,清华大学电子工程系北京 100084 中国,谢 世 钟,S.Xie00.11.27,OND2,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,提 纲 宽带网络技术概论 宽带传输媒质 高速器件的发展 波长资源的利用和管理 集成度的提高 总结,S.Xie00.11.27,OND3,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,一、宽带网络技术概论 传输媒质：光纤、同轴线、屏蔽与非屏蔽双绞铜线、微波、无线接入系统 宽带网络基本技术：传输技术、交换技术、接入技术 目前主要运营网络：电信网、有线电视网、计算机网,S.Xie00.11.27,OND4,一、宽带网络技术概论,网 络 发 展 趋 势网络的宽带化、业务的综合化“三网合一”电 信 网：+公用网、连接范围广-需宽带接入网、具有综合业务能力 的宽带交换机制、保证网络互通性 有线电视网：+宽带-树状拓扑结构、提供交换业务 计 算 机 网：+综合业务能力-宽带化、交换方式,S.Xie00.11.27,OND5,21 世纪的传输：Tbit 到干线网 Gbit 到办公室/家庭 Mbit 到个人,Originating BandwidthU.S.Interstate Communication Traffic,多种业务的增长对光网络发展的驱动,一、宽带网络技术概论,S.Xie00.11.27,OND6,2.8 Terabit,T3-45 Mbps OC48-2.5 Gbps Tbps,Time for 2.8 Terabit,Communication Rate,25 hours15 minutes2.8 seconds,Other Traffic Sources,DOD Information Superiority Requires Terabit Battlefield Communications,1 ft x 10 bits,Radar/SARMulti-spectral sensors-Infrared-?wave-RF(Tbps),100 miles,100 miles,SuperNet Applications,DARPA,6,S.Xie00.11.27,OND7,一、宽带网络技术概论,It took about a century to install the worlds first 700 million phone lines;an additional 700 million lines will be deployed in the next 15-20 years.There are more than 200 million wireless subscribers in the world today;an additional 700 million more will be added over the next 15-20 years.There are more than 200 million cable TV subscribers in the world today;300 million more will be added over the next 15-20 years.More than 100 million additional Internet users will come on-line by 2001.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND8,第一年,第二年,第三年,第四年,第五年,光带宽9 个月,几种关键技术的发展速度,摩尔定律18 个月,性能价格比翻番速度,近几年：,S.Xie00.11.27,OND9,Trend,2000,106,107,Capacity-Distance(Gb/skm),Year,ECOC99104 10Gb/s10000KM,波分复用系统速率-距离积的发展,S.Xie00.11.27,OND10,网络业务量变化的战略趋势,根据初步分析,今后5到10年中国网上的数 据业务量将可能会超过话音业务量。(7-8年最有可能,干线网可能仅3年)IP业务将最终成为主导的联网协议。业务总量将有大幅度增加(几十倍)。传统电话网将不可避免要过渡到分组交换 为基础的融合的下一代网，下一代网将最 终支持包括话音在内 的所有业务。,S.Xie00.11.27,OND11,密集波分复用系统的速率,2000,16010Gb/s,S.Xie00.11.27,OND12,北美长途网敷设趋势-corning,S.Xie00.11.27,OND13,密集波分复用网络的演进,S.Xie00.11.27,OND14,全球光通信网络市场,摘自：美国 Photonics Spectra，p.99,May 2000,S.Xie00.11.27,OND15,波分复用技术现状和发展,目前商用系统主要为(16-40)2.5/10Gb/s。超长距离：Corvis的1602.5G在芝加哥-西雅图3200公里线路上试验。Qtera的ULTRA系统可将10G WDM系统的全光传输距离已提高到4000km。阿尔卡特的4810Gb/s在实验室已传4000km。超高密度：16010G(北电/Sycamore)系统已开始商用。1022x37M(朗讯)已试验成功 实验室最高水平：7.04T(17640G)50km(西门子)；3.28T(82x40G)300km(朗讯)；3.2T(160 x20G)1500km(NEC)已规划商用容量：6.4Tb/s(80 x80Gb/s)(北电),S.Xie00.11.27,OND16,全光超长传输试验,为了减少电再生点以及随着光层联网能力的引入，全光超长传输成为关键。4810Gb/s传输4000km试验(阿尔卡特)：光区段长80km,采用了混合的拉曼放大器和EDFA，拉曼增益大约为每段4dB。试验结果表明传输距离主要受限于偏振模色散，其中 DCF占1/2，光放大器占1/6，而光纤占1/3。,S.Xie00.11.27,OND17,Photonic Devices for Present&Future Lightwave Long Haul Systems用于目前和未来长距离光波系统的光电子器件,Semiconductor Lasers-Integrated laser-modulator transmitter-Multiwavelegth transmitters-Tunable transmitters-Soliton sources-High power pumps for fiber amplifiersSemiconductor Optical Amplifiers-Power Amplifiers in Integrated transmitters-1.3m optical Amplifiers-Optical switches and switch arrays-Wavelength converters and other nonlinear function devicesPhotodetectors and OEIC receivers-High-speed(10Gb/s)and high-sensitivity OEIC receivers-High-speed(10Gb/s)avalanche photodiodes,半导体激光器-集成的激光器和调制器组件-多波长光发射器-可调谐光发射器-光孤子源-用于光纤放大器的泵源 半导体光放大器-集成光发射器中的功率放大器-1.3m 光放大器-光开关和开关阵列-波长转换器和其它非线性器件 光检测器光电集成回路接收器-高速高灵敏度集成回路接收器-高速(10Gb/s)雪崩光电二极管,S.Xie00.11.27,OND18,Photonic Devices for Present&Future Lightwave Long Haul Systems用于目前和未来长距离光波系统的光电子器件,Planar Integrated Waveguide Components-Couplers-Filters(fixed and tunable)-Wavelength multiplexers and routers-Modulators and switches-Doped-waveguide devices-Dispersion componentsFiber-type Components-Doped-fiber devices(amplifiers and lasers)-Couplers-Grating filters-Wavelength multiplexers-Dispersion compensators-Optical switches(mechanical)-Optical isolators and circulators,平面集成光波导元件-耦合器-滤波器（固定的和可调谐的）-波长复用器和路由器-光调制器和光开关-掺杂的光波导器件-色散补偿器件 光纤类元器件-掺杂光纤器件(放大器,激光器)-耦合器-光纤光栅滤波器-光波复用与解复用器-色散补偿器-光开关(机械式)-光隔离器和光环行器器件,S.Xie00.11.27,OND19,1998年世界元器件市场,Optics$12Billion,Semiconductors$125Billion,Optoelectronics$38Billion,S.Xie00.11.27,OND20,1998年世界光电子产品,单位：亿美元,总计：1998年 1406亿美元，北美约占：428亿美元 1997年 为1150 亿美元 年增长率约 20%,30.3%,29.9%,23.2%,0.6%,15.7%,0.3%,S.Xie00.11.27,OND21,Source/detector 7%,Modules 10%,Fiber/cab 21%,Comm.Eq 62%,1997 Communication Market$30 B.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND22,Communications Market Forecast,Year,$Billions,S.Xie00.11.27,OND23,宽带光通信网络的发展对光电子器件的需求和推动,二、宽带传输媒质 光纤、同轴线、双绞铜线、微波、无线.光纤的发展：G.652 G.653 G.654 G.655:Truewave,LEAF,AllWave.特种光纤：DCF，高光敏度光纤，高非线性系数光纤,S.Xie00.11.27,OND24,OH离子吸收峰,光 纤 损 耗 谱 特 性,S.Xie00.11.27,OND25,Optical Fiber System Bands,Needs for increasing capacity require usingadditional wavelength bands,S.Xie00.11.27,OND26,二、宽带传输媒质,宽带光纤网络对光纤的要求 具有传输太比速率的能力 提供 40Gb/s 传输的解决方案 适合长距离及跨洋应用 低价、实用的塑料光纤,S.Xie00.11.27,OND27,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,三、高速器件的发展 10Gb/s，40Gb/s 速率的发射、接收、调制器:EA 调制器，DFB LD+EA Mod，LN 调制器.Gb/s 以太网 和 10Gb/s 以太网 器件 波长稳定化的CW LD 配套的高速电子器件,S.Xie00.11.27,OND28,Product Road Map Speed,2.5Gb/sTransponder,10Gb/sTransponder,10Gb/s EML,40Gb/sLN Mod,80Gb/sLN Mod,2.5Gb/slaser,40Gb/s EML,10Gb/sTx,40Gb/sTx,2.5Gb/sTx,10Gb/sLN Mod+CW laser,10GbDetectors,EDFA,10Gb/s Rx,40Gb/s Rx,Raman Amps(10Gb/s),Sources,2.5Gb/s Rx,Detectors,Amplification,1999,2000,2001,2002,S.Xie00.11.27,OND29,$1.45 billion,$1.86 billion,S.Xie00.11.27,OND30,WDM CHANNELS,CHANNEL BITRATE,密集波分复用系统速率的发展趋势,S.Xie00.11.27,OND31,三、高速器件的发展,10Gb/s，40Gb/s 的发射、接收、调制器:EA 调制器，DFB 激光器+EA 调制器，LN 调制器.Gb/s 以太网 和 10Gb/s 以太网 器件 波长稳定化的CW LD 配套的高速电子器件,S.Xie00.11.27,OND32,40Gb/s EA Modulator Research Goals,Provide devices for system evaluation-Understand merits of NRZ vs.tandem modulator RZ transmitters Evaluate/develop technology and device design compatible with future OE device manufacturing platforms-Understand fundamental trade-off between MQW active design,capacitance,extinction,insertion loss,etc.-Preliminary exploration of fabrication alternatives Preliminary exploration of packaging Primary design selection for joint Research/OE development program Joint Research/OE platform development for epi,waveguide fabrication,S.Xie00.11.27,OND33,S.Xie00.11.27,OND34,40Gb/s EA ModulatorPackage Configuration,Prototype package with Wiltron-k RF Connector Chip BeO submount with coplanar waveguide and 50 resistor,S.Xie00.11.27,OND35,S.Xie00.11.27,OND36,40Gb/s EA Modulator Summary,Demonstrated EA Modulator:f3db 40GHz,ER=6dB,S11 10dB Future work-Develop 40Gb/s packaging platform-Optimize Standalone Modulator Active layer design for increased extinction ratio Beam-expander optimization to reduce insertion loss-Develop/evaluate devices with new functionality Tandem EA w/XB extensions Tandem EA with SOA and XB extensions Semi insulating device with coplanar contacts 40Gb/s EML Tandem EA modulators integrated with laser,S.Xie00.11.27,OND37,1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 VISION,LiNbo3 Product Roadmap,Single driveModulator&AttenuatorBW=10GHz,Lower VoltageModulator,Dual driveW/Attenuator,L-BandModulators,ModulatorBW=12.5GHz,Modulator&Phase ModulatorBW=12.5GHz,Modulator BW=40GHz,Modulator&AttenuatorBW=40GHZ,PolarizationControllers,Optical Cross-Connects,Modulator&AttenuatorBW80GHz,PhaseModulators,Switchs,S.Xie00.11.27,OND38,S.Xie00.11.27,OND39,S.Xie00.11.27,OND40,InP Electro-Absorption Modulators Advantages of EA vs.LiNbO3,Small Size Low Drive Voltage Integration with InP Devices-DFB,DBR lasers-SOA-Power monitor diode-Mode size converter Package and chip compatible with InP laser Manufacturing Platforms,S.Xie00.11.27,OND41,10 Gb/s Receiver,Functionality-PIN and APD offerings-2R to be offered in 1H2000 Target Specifications-BW 9 GHz-Group delay deviation 20ps-Sensitivity 18 dBm for PIN 23 dBm for APD,S.Xie00.11.27,OND42,S.Xie00.11.27,OND43,Design Advantages DisadvantagesPlanar PIN polarization independent Responsivity/BW tradeoff Simple optical coupling-max BW*:15 GHz-single pass Simple design 27GHZ-double pass Planar Pmax1dbm-space charge effects No internal amplificatioWG PIN High responsivity Design polarization insensitivity BW and independent More complx optics-XB?Enables WG device integration Needs planarization Compatible with laser packaging Compatible with 40G EAM Scalable to higher bandwidth WG APD Amplification Complex design+above,40 Gb/s DetectorDesign Alternatives,S.Xie00.11.27,OND44,40Gb/s Receiver Development,Looking for customer input-Timeframe for samples?Production-RZ/NRZ-Level of Integration?PIN only PIN+AGC Gain Block PIN+AGC Gain Block+CDR with 4:1 DEMUX Will match the Xmitter as far as level of integration Dependent on IC Developments,Power Dissipation,and Packaging technology-Additional Capabilities APD SOA,S.Xie00.11.27,OND45,S.Xie00.11.27,OND46,40Gb/s Receiver and Detector Summary,We are simultaneously developing receiver,detector,and packaging platform for high volume manufacturing First photo detector will be PIN,planar or waveguide,determined by package platform and performance 12/99 40Gb/s APD under investigation in Research Plan to have PIN+AGC Gain Block Samples by EOY2000,S.Xie00.11.27,OND47,40Gb/s Suite Product Roadmap,1999,2000,2001,2002,40Gb/sLN Modulator,Production,40Gb/s1.5m EML,Tunable DfBs,Production,Production,40Gb/sEA Modulator-Discrete,Production,40Gb/sDetector,Production,S.Xie00.11.27,OND48,三、高速器件的发展,10Gb/s，40Gb/s 的发射、接收、调制器:EA 调制器，DFB 激光器+EA 调制器，LN 调制器.Gb/s 以太网 和 10Gb/s 以太网 器件 波长稳定化的CW LD 配套的高速电子器件,S.Xie00.11.27,OND49,S.Xie00.11.27,OND50,S.Xie00.11.27,OND51,High Speed physical Layser Ic Product Plan,2.5Gb/sOpto/ICModule,10Gb/sOpto/ICModule,40Gb/sOpto/ICModule,2.5Gb/sClk Syn/Mux,10Gb/sClk Syn/Mux,40Gb/sClk Syn/Mux,2.5Gb/sLimiting Amp&CDR,2.5Gb/sLA/CDR/DeMux,10Gb/sCDR/DeMux,40Gb/sCDR/DeMux,2.5Gb/sDrives&Transimp Amp,40Gb/sDrives&Transimp Amp,10Gb/sDrives,LA&Transimp Amp,GaAs,Si,SiGe,InP,TTRN012G5,TTRN0110G,TTRN0140G,LG16xx,TRCV012G5,TRCV0110G,TRCV0140G,LG16xx,TMOD,TLAD,TLMA,TTI,TMOD,TTIA,S.Xie00.11.27,OND52,S.Xie00.11.27,OND53,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,四、波长资源的利用和管理 MUX/DMUX,OADM,光开关 多波长光源 可调谐光源 宽带、大功率光放大器 C-band,L-band EDFA,RAMAN Amp.SOA 光波长转换器,S.Xie00.11.27,OND54,METRO,Product Roadmap-Wavelength Management,Is WaveguideMux/Demux,Optical AddDrop Mux,Acive GainEqualizers,2nd GenerationOptical Switch,OpticalSwitch,4-8 channelTunable Tx,DiscreteC-bandsources,40-channelTunable,20-channelTunable Tx,C-band,20-channelTunable CW Source,High-PowerC-band,L-bandAmplifiers,C+L-BandAmplifiers,S-BandAmplifiers,1999,2000,2001,2002,VISION,DiscreteL-band Sources,passives,Sources,Amplifiers,BACKBONE,S.Xie00.11.27,OND55,S.Xie00.11.27,OND56,宽带光网络中光电子器件的发展,四、波长资源的利用和管理 MUX/DMUX,OADM,光开关 多波长光源 可调谐光源 宽带、大功率光放大器 C-band,L-band EDFA,RAMAN Amp.SOA 光波长转换器,S.Xie00.11.27,OND57,Market Place,The Global Market for DWDM Components$2.2 Billion-1998,TX&TR14%,MUX&DMUX 11%,Amplification Devices 15%,Other Components 60%,Other Components:attenuators,connectors,couplers,dispersion controlcomponents,software,network management,installation,vendors margin cost.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND58,Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer,By 2008,an OADM mayhave 128 dense s on theincoming fiber,with full re-configurability for droppingany selection of s.The drop-versus passthrough connections are reconfigu-rable in S.,Current OADMs typically demux 8 from transmissionfiber:4 go directly on outputfibers,4 are dropped.At Add end 2fibers on fixed s comedirect to combiner,2 from the electronic ADM.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND59,Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer,S.Xie00.11.27,OND60,S.Xie00.11.27,OND61,S.Xie00.11.27,OND62,Comparison of FBG,AWG&TFF,PERFORMANCES FBG AWG TFFCh.Spacing(GHz)low to 50 low to 25 100Ch.OK need control OKinsertion loss(db)ununiform uniform ununiformadj.Ch.Xtalk(db)30-35 25-35 25-33nonadj.Ch.Xtalk 40 25-35 40 long term stability possibly a possibly a Good but problem due problem due to issue of to tuning Temp.Control Epoxypolarization char.Excellent OK but need very good compensation(0.25 db)power consumption none need nonecost high low if in mass-prod.fair,S.Xie00.11.27,OND63,MUXES and DEMUXES,Each of the main multiplexing/demultiplexing filter technologies provides capabilities best suited to different numbers of channels and different channel spacings.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND64,与光纤光栅有关的论文的数量,S.Xie00.11.27,OND65,Lucent Technology:宣布2001年的光纤光栅的产量将是1999年的16倍。Alcatel Optronics：Alcatel SA 的一个部门，从 Innovative Fibers Inc 购买了1亿7千5百万美元的光纤光栅服务于海缆系统，在此基础上也正在将光纤光栅用于陆上光通信系统，预计将赢得18月到两年的发展时间。Ciena Corp.:宣布将发展自己的光纤光栅部门。Nortel Network Corp.:据报道，将通过以32亿5千万美元购买Qetra Corp.来加强光纤光栅器件的研究、制造及其应用。Cisco system Inc.:在Pirelli Cables and Systems 公司的器件部门投入10%的资金确保在光纤光栅、包括产品和技术等方面得到支持。,光纤光栅产业化及应用的最新进展,S.Xie00.11.27,OND66,Southampton Photonics:一个2000年6月新成立的公司，公司的创始者和主席,David Payne,领导有着35年历史的英国南安普敦大学光电子研究，Payne 领导的团队1986年发明了掺铒光纤放大器。对Southampton Photonics的投资被宣称为英国最大的工业界私人投资，第一轮吸引了5500万美元的投资。公司将以南安普敦大学光电子研究中心所获得的专利项目，研究成果为最初的产品基础，这些也都是南安普敦光器件公司的创始者和员工在光电子研究中心工作的结果，而且公司也将继续从大学光电子研究中心的工作受益。公司计划的产品包括三大类，以集成光纤光栅的器件为主，这些器件的性能将十倍于现在市场上的产品。,光纤光栅产业化及应用的最新进展,S.Xie00.11.27,OND67,增强性能的光滤波器的使用将使光纤频谱的资源更充分地利用。这些产品将会与基于薄膜材料的滤波器竞争，市场总价预计在40亿美元。低成本的分布反馈光纤激光器阵列将提供针对DWDM应用的比半导体激光器更稳定的密集波长。这种产品的市场总值估计会有100亿美元。宽带光放大器将会集成色散补偿，频道均衡以及增益平坦等特性。这些产品的市场总需求在50亿美元左右，市场同时要求更高的功率和更低的成本。,主要光纤光栅产品的市场预测,S.Xie00.11.27,OND68,MUXES and DEMUXES,43%,38%,19%,113M47%,65M27%,64M26%,AWG Arrayed Waveguide GratingFBG Fiber Bragg GratingTFF Thin Film Filter,1998 Total Unit:16,300Value:$240 MCAGA:51%unit Cost:$15,000AAD of cost:12%2004Total Unit:192,600Value:$1.3 B,S.Xie00.11.27,OND69,为实现50GHz间隔的密集波分系统同时避免器件技术的过分复杂和太高成本，2000年3月的OFC展览上，多家公司纷纷提出一种群组滤波器，Chroum公司称之为Slicer,Wavesplitter,JDS Uniphase等公司称之为Interleaver。这种器件通过两个分别频率间隔为目标间隔两倍的普通复用/解复用器的组合使用，一个专门配合偶数的频道数，一个专门配合奇数频道数。再配合一个可以将信号按奇偶分开的Interleaver，就可以实现50GHz的频率间隔。,Interleaver,S.Xie00.11.27,OND70,Interleaver,The interleaver is a specialized multiplexer(MUX)and demultiplexer(DeMUX).MUX:combines two streams of optical signals into a single,more densely spaced signal stream.DeMUX,a denser signal stream is separated into two,wider spaced streams.For example,the 100 GHz interleaver combines two,200 GHz streams into one,denser,100 GHz stream,thus doubling the capacity of the network.Interleavers can be multi-staged to increase thecapacity of a system even further.,S.Xie00.11.27,OND71,Interleaver,基本工作原理,Interleaver与其他DWDM技术的应用领域,S.Xie00.11.27,OND72,现有的技术双折射晶体(JDS Uniphase Inc.),Mach-Zehnder(Wavesplitter Inc.),液晶 等干涉仪型Interleaver 通常需要特殊的顶部平坦平衡技术,未使用顶部平坦平衡的Interleaver,(C.H.Huang,H.Luo,S.Xu,and P.Chen,AFO Inc.Conference on Optical Fiber Communication 1999,TuH2,pp.79-81.),Interleaver,S.Xie00.11.27,OND73,Title News:E-TEK Launches Components-Interleaver,E-TEK Dynamics,Inc.(Nasdaq:ETEK)today expanded its product offering with 100 GHz and 50 GHz interleavers that provide a simple way to increase capacity in all standard wavelength ranges.Since the interleavers have low dispersion(the lowest available),they are ready for 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s systems.They can be used with existing DWDM multiplexers and demultiplexers for next-generation terabit networks.(June,2000),S.Xie00.11.27,OND74,Title News:Wavesplitter Files for$155 Million IPO,Wavesplitter Technologies Inc.(Nasdaq:WSVP),an optical component vendor,filed for a 155 million initial public offering with the Securities and Exchange Commission on edn