Unit3 Environment.ppt

LI_main,Teaching Objective,Master the key words and structures,and learn something about the rainforest.The students are required to understand the importance of environmental protection.,Teaching Procedures,Key Points,Vocabulary,Structure,Skills,absorb atmosphere contain economicestablish greenhouse impression processpurchase rainforest resource solutionvary speed up no more than carbon dioxide,It is the modern world that has speeded upIt is people themselves who are the biggest cause,Using word parts to find out the meanings of wordsReading a chartLayout of business letters,Lead In Activity;Study of the Text;Study of Words and Phrases;Study of Read More;Study of Practical Reading;Study of Practical Writing,LI_main,Lead In,1.Paradise Lost,2.Rainforest,3.Christopher Columbus(1451-1506),4.Amazon(River),5.Topic-related Words and Phrases,Ts_main,Text Study,1.Global Reading,2.Detailed Reading,Ts_gr,Global Reading,1.Questions and Answers,2.Text Analysis,CS,4.Group Discussion,Consolidation,1.Dictation,2.Words and Phrases,3.Listening Practice,LA,2.Practical Reading,Language Application,1.Practical Writing,DPT-P1,Drills for PRETCO Test,1.Listening Comprehension,2.Vocabulary and Structure,3.Translation,LI_1_1,Paradise Lost,The masterpiece of the English poet John Milton(1608-1674)and one of the greatest poems in world literature.It was published in 1667 and tells the story of Satans(撒旦)rebellion against God and his expulsion from heaven and the subsequent temptation and expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.,LI_1_2,Paradise Lost,Satans expulsion from Heaven,Temptation of Adam and Eve by Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden,LI_2_1,Rainforest,Woodland is characterized by lush vegetation and heavy rainfall.Rainforests are the worlds most biologically diverse ecosystems.Although they cover less than 10 percent of the Earths surface,tropical rainforests provide habitat for 50 to 90 percent of the worlds plant and animal species.Tropical rain-forests are called the“jewel of the Earth,”the“Earths lungs,”and the“worlds largest pharmacy”because of the large amount of natural medicines discovered there.The largest tropical rainforests exist in South Americas Amazon basin(the Amazon Rainforest),in the equatorial portions of the Democratic Republic of Congo,and in much of Indonesia.Temperate rainforests,dominated by only a few species of trees,are found along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska through Washington state,in the former Yugoslavia,and in parts of Japan.,LI_2_2,Rainforest,Tropical rainforest,Temperate rainforest,Distribution of tropical rainforests,LI_3_1,Christopher Columbus(1451-1506),Italian Spanish navigator who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492,in an attempt to find a shorter route to India.He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504.He achieved fame by making landfall in the Americas,which he later called the“New World.”The arrival of his ships in the Western Hemisphere was one of the pivotal events in world history.It opened up a new world for Europeans and initiated the spread of Western civilization to a new hemisphere.,LI_3_2,Christopher Columbus(1451-1506),Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus,LI_4_1,Amazon(River),The Amazon River is the largest river in the world.With its more than 1,000 tributaries,the Amazon River network encompasses almost half of South America.The Amazon itself is 6,516 km(4,050 miles)long.Only the Nile River is longer.Its total drainage basin is nearly as large as the entire United States,with roughly half in Brazil and the rest in Peru,Ecuador,Bolivia,and Venezuela.The Amazon Basin has a very warm and humid climate.It rains almost 200 days of the year,and the annual rainfall exceeds 2,000 mm(80 inches).The Amazon has by far the greatest total flow of any river,carrying more water than the Mississippi,Nile,and Yangtze Rivers combined.,LI_4_2,Amazon(River),the Amazon Basin,LI_5_1,Topic-related Words and Phrases,deforestation:the removal of the forest by humans chiefly as a result of clearing land for commercial and industrial development.The rate of clearance has been increasing rapidly.Estimates of deforestation of tropical forest for the 1990s range from ca.55,630 km to ca.120,000 km each year.At this rate,all tropical forests may be gone in less than 80 years.Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect,the promotion of soil erosion and the destruction of the habitats that support biological diversity.,LI_5_2,Topic-related Words and Phrases,Satellite images of progressive deforestation(in 1975,1986,1992 from left to right.),LI_5_3,Topic-related Words and Phrases,ecology:the branch of science that studies the distribution and abundance of living organisms,and the interactions between organisms and their physical and biological environment.The physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation,moisture,wind,oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients in soil,water,and atmosphere.The biological environment includes organisms of the same kind as well as other plants and animals.,LI_5_4,Topic-related Words and Phrases,El Nio:,Originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South,America(Peru and Ecuador),El Nio is the warming of the surface waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs at irregular intervals of 2-7 years,usually lasting 1-2 years.Because this condition often occurs around Christmas,local fishermen named it El Nio(Spanish for boy child,referring to the Child,Jesus).In most years the warming lasts only a few weeks or a month.However,when El Nio conditions last for many months,more extensive ocean warming occurs and economic results can be disastrous.Recent El Nios have occurred in 1986-1987,1991-1992,1993,1994,1997-1998,2002-2003,and a new El Nio has been in effect since September 2004.,global warming:a term used to describe an increase,over a period of time,of the average temperature of Earths atmosphere.Global warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global temperatures since the late 19th century(about 0.6C)and assess the extent to which the effects are due to human causes.The most common global warming theories attribute temperature increases to increases in the greenhouse effect caused primarily by anthropogenic(human-generated)carbon dioxide and to possible increases in solar activity.,LI_5_5,Topic-related Words and Phrases,Chart of abnormal ocean surface temperatures C observed in December 1997,ozone:pale blue,highly poisonous gas with a strong odor.Ozone is considered a pollutant at ground level,but the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere protects life on Earth from the Suns harmful ultraviolet radiation.Ozone is one of three forms,called allotropes,of the element oxygen.Ozone is triatomic,meaning that it has three atoms in each molecule(formula O3).Ordinary,or diatomic,oxygen(O2)is more stable than ozone and accounts for the bulk of oxygen in the atmosphere.Electrical sparks and ultraviolet light can cause ordinary oxygen to form ozone.The presence of ozone sometimes causes a detectable odor near electrical outlets.,LI_5_6,Topic-related Words and Phrases,The instrumental record of global average temperatures as compiled by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Hadley Centre of the UK Meteorological Office.,His description was the first known written one about the rainforest.,Ts_p1_ Questions and Answers 1,Questions and Answers,Directions:Skim the paragraphs for answers to the following questions.,He thought it was most beautiful and quite different from that in Europe,with flowers and fruits,and little birds singing sweetly.,Paragraph 1:,Question:How did Columbus think of the rainforest?,Answer:,Paragraph 2:,Question:What is special about Columbus description of the rainforest?,Answer:,Ts_p1_ Questions and Answers 2,In the authors view,the rainforests are the oldest.,Paragraph 3:,What are the oldest communities of living things on the Earth?,Answer:,Question:,The rainforests cover no more than seven percent of the earths surface today.,Paragraph 4:,What do you know about the rainforests in the world today?,Answer:,Question:,Ts_p1_ Questions and Answers 3,“The secondary growth”refers to the new growth after the original growth has been destroyed.,Paragraph 5:,What is“the secondary growth”?,Answer:,Question:,Modern technology doubtlessly increases efficiency when people try to cut down trees.,Paragraph 6:,How does the modern world speed up the process of destruction?,Answer:,Question:,Ts_p1_ Questions and Answers 4,It is human beings that are to blame for such destruction.,Paragraph 7:,Who is to blame for the destruction of rainforests?,Answer:,Question:,When the trees are cut down,the soil washes away easily.,Paragraph 8:,How does the land become desert according to the passage?,Answer:,Question:,Ts_p1_ Questions and Answers 5,The problem is mainly caused by the governments that have to pay their debts,the settlers who need money to feed their families,and the companies that want to make profits.,Paragraph 9:,What caused the problem mentioned in this passage?,Answer:,Question:,Ts_Text Analysis,Text Analysis,Main Ideas,Columbus first description of rainforests.,Although beautiful,rainforests are fragile.,The city of London was once covered by rainforests.,Today rainforests only exist in a small part of the world.,1,2,3,4,Paragraphs,5,6,7,8,9,The effect of the clearing of rainforests.,Modern technology speeds up the destruction.,Human beings are the biggest cause of destruction.,The negative effect on land,climate,global temperature.,The economic origin of the problem and the solution.,Ts_read in_s,Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in the world,but now they are dying out.What has happened?,Read In,Ts_read in_w,Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in the world,but now they are dying out.What has happened?,Read In,Ts_read in-w-dying out,Rainforests are one of the most valuable natural gifts in the world,but now they are dying out.What has happened?,die out:become extinct or cease to exist gradually 灭绝，逐渐消失,e.g.,Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.,Its a custom which is beginning to die out.,cf.die off:die gradually one by one,till none are left(refers to animals or plants)相继死去直至死光,e.g.,The widow was still in her middle-age when her relatives died off.,e.g.,Ts_1/2_S,Paradise Lost?,Christopher Columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,Ts_1/2_s1,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,It remains hard to beat.,Paraphrase:,The written description of a rainforest in the New World has always been one of the best of its kind.,Ts_1/2_W,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,Ts_1/2_W-DES,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,description n.a statement or a piece of writing that tells what sth.or sb.is like 描写，记述，描述,e.g.,I gave the police a description of the stolen jewellery.,Extended words:,describe,descriptive,The beauty of the Rockies is beyond description.,e.g.,Ts_1/2_W-BEAT,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,beat v.defeat(a competitor),or do or be better than(sb.or sth.)击败；胜过,e.g.,We played the top class at football but we couldntbeat them.,The room wasnt much,but it beat driving to a hotel20 miles away.,e.g.,Ts_1/2_W-EXTRA,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,extraordinarily ad.very unusually 非常地，特别地，格外,e.g.,Her last album was extraordinarily successful.,We found him extraordinarily well-informed onAmerican affairs.,e.g.,Ts_1/2_W-FRAGILE,Paradise Lost?,Christopher columbus said that he had never seen anything so beautiful,trees beautiful and green,different from ours,with flowers and fruits and little birds which sing very sweetly.The great navigators impression is the first known written description of a rainforest.It remains hard to beat.Rainforests are extraordinarily beautiful,but the beauty is fragile.,fragile a.easily damaged,broken,or harmed 易被损坏的；易碎的；脆弱的,e.g.,Be careful with that vase its very fragile.,I felt rather fragile(=weak)for a few days after the operation.,e.g.,Ts_3_S,Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old.That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the planet.,Ts_3_W,Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old.That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the planet.,Ts_3_W-make,Forty-five million years ago rainforests covered the city of London,and rainforests were then over 30 million years old.That makes them the oldest communities of living things on the planet.,make v.cause to be,become,usually by having the necessary qualities or characteristics 使成为,成为,e.g.,Its the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.,Iced tea makes a good drink in summer.,e.g.,She decided the back room would make a good study.,e.g.,Ts_3_W-commun,Forty-five million year