英语语法 –ing 作主语或宾语.ppt
一、ing 作主语或宾语,1作主语 直接置于句首1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Learning new words is very important for me3)说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.,用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。Its worth making the effort想再解释一次有好处吗?Is it any good trying to explain?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you,在there be no结构中作主语 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”。若要人不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩笑。Here is no joking about such matter.无法知道他什么时候离开 There was no knowing when he would leave.,注意：-ing与不定式的比较：-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。I like，but now I like.,reading,to see a film,归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没益/用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is no doing 无法，不允许,There is no sense in doing 做、没有道理There is/was no use doing 干、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、更糟的There is/was no point doing 干、无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。There is no point doing such a silly thing.,注意：There is no need to do sth 干、没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her.注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made we worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.,2、用作宾语只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand,excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。如：我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Have you considered looking for one special friend?,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。,C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：我记得我已把信寄了。I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。Ill remember to post the letter我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。I regret missing the report我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。I regret to say I cant take your advice,D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do(设法)，try doing(试试)，mean to do(打算，有意要做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着)。如：我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。We must try to get everything done in time我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生气。I didnt mean to make you angry你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。Your plan would mean spending hours,Ego on doing 和go on to doGo on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：请接着做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exerciseFstop doing与stop to do:Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talk,3作介词宾语下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to,look forward to，stick to，be used to等,1._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(2004全国)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.That D.Suffered,精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to”和“already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。,高考链接,2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(全国2002)A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given,解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。,3.-The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.(2001上海)having hung B.hangingC.hangs D.being hung,解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除；B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。,
