高考英语外研版必修3Module6《Old and New》知识与要点.ppt

,1date n日期，年代；时代；约会v加日期于；起始于(某时期)；属于(某时期)归纳拓展(1)date from/back to属于(某一历史时期)；始于；追溯到(二者作谓语时常用一般现在时，且无被动语态和进行时态。若句中有信息提示从过去某一时间往前推，则用过去时态。)(2)to date到目前为止；迄今，至今out of date 过时的；过期的,up to date现代的，直到最近set a date for选定的日期go out for a date出去约会例句：The use of peas as food dates back to very early time.豌豆作为食物很早以前就开始了。The computer is out of date/up to date.这台电脑是过时/新式的。To date there has been no improvement in his condition.到现在为止，他的状况还是没有好转。Whats the date today？/What date is it today?今天是几月几号？,【链接训练】Though this kind of clothes are beginning to be _，she was very happy to wear it.Aout of date Bup to date Cold Dbad【解析】句意为：尽管这种衣服不再开始流行，她仍乐意穿着。out of date“过时的”，符合题意。up to date“新式的”。【答案】A,2accommodate vt.&vi.容纳；向提供住宿；(使)适应；使迁就；调节归纳拓展(1)accommodate sb.for the night留某人过夜accommodate sb.with.向某人提供accommodate oneself to使自己适应(to为介词，故其后的宾语应用doing形式)(2)accommodation n住宿，住处，膳宿服务,例句：This hotel can accommodate 600 guests.这家旅馆可供600位客人住宿。We could accommodate you with a room on the second floor for the period you mention.我们可以按你提供的住宿期限向你提供2楼的一个房间。Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to new circumstances.无论走到哪里他都能适应新环境。,【链接训练】The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to _ over two hundred people.Ainclude Bprovide Creside Daccommodate【解析】句意为：几个月前完工的这座新公寓大到可以容纳二百多人。accommodate“为提供住宿，容纳”。A项include“包括”；B项provide“提供”，其结构为provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.；C项reside“居住”。【答案】D,3remove vt.移动；搬迁；除去；使离开vi.迁移，搬家n移动，距离，升级归纳拓展(1)remove.from.把从移开remove sth.from some place to.把某物从搬迁到be removed from school被开除，勒令退学be removed from与远离，与疏远，与不一样(2)removal n移动，迁居；免职,例句：Because of the serious airpollution，the family is removing to the countryside.由于空气污染严重，这一家决定要搬到乡下。He was removed from school for playing truant too often.他因逃学太多被开除了。同类辨析move与remove(1)move指从一地到另一地的移动，移动某物的位置或改变某人的姿势，既是及物动词又是不及物动词。,(2)remove“取消，去掉”，含有把不利的东西“除掉”的意思，强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的位置，有时相当于take away/off，表示“迁居”时，二者均可。,【链接训练】The department store will_forty employees after the holiday rush.Ahire Bfire Cremove DB or C【解析】remove和fire都有“开除，解雇”的意思。【答案】D,4freezing adj.冻结的；极冷的；冷淡的n冰点归纳拓展(1)freeze v使冻结；冻僵frozen adj.冷冻的；冻结的be frozen to death 被冻死(2)above/below freezing 零度以上/以下the freezing point 冰点freezing cold 极冷,例句：The cold weather can even freeze petrol in car engines.寒冷的天气甚至能使汽车发动机里的汽油凝固。The temperature has dropped to the freezing point.气温已降到了冰点。Seeing the car accident，he was frozen with terror.看到车祸，他吓呆了。,【链接训练】用freeze的适当形式填空Its freezing cold outside.The water of the lake frozen last night.Take frozen meat from the fridge and I will use it.,1hold back阻挡；抑制，控制(情绪、情感等)；犹豫归纳拓展(1)hold on to 抓住不放，保留hold up阻挡，使停顿(常用于被动语态)；把抬起来；支持住(2)get/catch/take hold of抓住例句：They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.他们筑起屏障阻挡洪水。,Hearing her daughters success，she could not hold back tears of joy.听到她女儿成功了，她禁不住流下喜悦的泪水。She held back，not knowing how to break the terrible news.她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。,【链接训练】Why are you so late?Bad luck.A car accident took place not far outside the town，and so we were _ on the way.Astopped Bkept Cheld up Dprevented【解析】此句应表示“我们受阻”，而A、B、D三项需与from doing连用；hold up“阻挡”，符合题意。【答案】C,Despite the attacks we_the bridge for 3 more days.Ahold on Bhold over Chold up Dhold on to【解析】考查hold的短语。hold on“坚持，不挂断”，为不及物动词短语；hold over“推迟”；holp up“阻挡”。hold on to“抓住不放手”，符合题意。【答案】D,2make sense有意义，有道理；讲得通，可理解归纳拓展(1)make sense of了解的意义，懂得a sense of duty/humour/beauty/direction责任/幽默/审美/方向感in no sense绝不come to ones senses恢复理性，苏醒There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理/没意义,(2)make sense与make sense of的区别：make sense“有意义；有道理；讲得通；可理解”，物作主语，无被动语态，用to引出人。make sense of“弄懂；理解”，人作主语，可以用于被动语态，用of引出物。注意：以上两个短语中，sense前不加冠词，也不能用复数形式。,例句：What he said just now makes no sense to me.I make no sense of what he said just now.我没明白他刚才说的话。He has a very good sense of direction.他的方向感很强。There is no sense in getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。,【链接训练】In a word，I dont think what you said _ at all.Amakes some sense Bmake any senseCmakes sense Dmake sense【解析】句意为：总之一句话，我认为你说的一点道理也没有。此题考查make sense的用法，意为“有道理，讲得通”。因为what you said作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，排除B、D，答案为C。【答案】C,1非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词进行附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，翻译成汉语时一般都另成一句，一般不用that引导。(1)非限制性定语从句的主要应用场合若先行词指代明确时，如专有名词和独一无二的事物。,例句：Paul，whom everyone suspected，turned out to be innocent.一开始大家都怀疑保罗，后来证明他是无辜的。若关系代词作复杂介词的宾语时。He is ill，in spite of which he keeps on studying.他病了，尽管如此，他仍坚持学习。若关系代词作of的宾语，且of前有数词、代词或名词时。例句：The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大部分都已满载，周围是一大群愤怒的人。,先行词指代主句的整个内容时。例句：He invited us to dinner，which was very kind of him.他请我们吃饭，这是他的好意。(2)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别语法结构上的区别限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义；而非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不那么密切，只是对先行词进行一些补充说明，若去掉，主句意思仍然清楚和完整。例句：I was the only person in my office that was invited.我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。,Mr Smith，for whom I was working，was very generous about overtime payments.史密斯先生是我的老板，在付加班费方面很大方。关系代词和关系副词的区别非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不能使用that，而应使用which，且不能省略，同时也不能使用关系副词why；限制性定语从句中既可使用that，也可使用why，that在从句中作宾语时也可省略。例句：Football，that is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.(),Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.()足球是一项非常有趣的运动，世界各地都踢足球。先行词的区别限制性定语从句的先行词为名词或代词，但专有名词除外；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、短语、另一从句或整个主句。例句：We are ready to do anything that is of some help to others.我们愿意做对别人有帮助的任何事情。,He said that Li Hong had passed the college entrance examination，which I thought to be possible.他说李红考上了大学，我认为这是可能的。He has to work on Sundays，which he doesnt like.他星期天得工作，这是他不喜欢的。形式上的区别限制性定语从句同其先行词的关系十分密切，是先行词不可缺少的成分，因此，书写时不能用逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句可和主句用逗号隔开，译成汉语时主句、从句间有停顿。,例句：The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.住在我们隔壁的那个人卖菜。This is George，whose class you will be taking.这是乔治，你将接手教他的班。译文的区别在译成汉语时，限制性定语从句往往在先行词之前，有时也可译为并列分句或状语从句；非限制性定语从句多译成并列句。,例句：One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood.有一天上午，有人赶着一头大象沿着他们站的那条路走过来。They went to the Royal Theatre，where they saw Ibsens Peer Gent.他们去了皇家剧院，在那里他们看了易卜生的彼尔英特。,【链接训练】The humans are destroying nature day by day，_ of course，will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.Awho Bwhen Con which Dwhich【解析】考查which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子。【答案】D,Three minutes of silence on May 19th were kept to mourn for those _ died in the earthquake.Athat Bwhom Cwho Dwhich【解析】在限制性定语从句中，先行词是指人的代词时，关系代词通常用who，而不用that。【答案】C,Michael Phelps，_ the feet are bigger than others，won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games.Awhose Bwhom Cof who Dof whom【解析】本句是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，所以用of whom。此题容易误选A。因为缺少定语，马上想到选whose，但是句中有the，就不能选whose。【答案】D,Chinese Women Football Team lost the game against Japanese in the 29th Olympics，_ we didnt expect.A/Bas Cwhich Dthat【解析】这里是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。句意为：中国女足在第29届奥运会上输给了日本队，这是我们没料到的。【答案】C,2定语从句的简化有些含有定语从句的复合句很复杂，不容易理解，这就需要我们将其简化。简化方式主要有以下几种：(1)在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时，关系代词可省略。例句：The dam(that)we saw in the film wasnt the Three Gorges Dam.我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。,(2)在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略。例句：I met a man(whom)my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。(3)定语从句简化为分词短语一般情况下，在定语从句中，如果谓语动词是主动语态，从句转化为现在分词短语；如果谓语动词是被动语态，则从句转化为过去分词短语。,例句：The girl who is reading English aloud is my younger sister.The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister.大声朗读英语的是我妹妹。I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li.I have heard the report made by Professor Li.我听了李教授所作的报告。注意：并非所有的定语从句都能简化，以下情况都不能简化。定语从句的谓语动词是现在完成时的主动语态。,例句：The man who has finished the work is Jack.完成工作的那个人是杰克。不能变为：The man having finished the work is Jack.定语从句中的谓语动词含有情态动词。The professor who can speak Japanese is from Japan.会说日语的教授来自日本。不能变为：The professor speaking Japanese is from Japan.,定语从句的谓语动词是一般过去时的主动语态。The man who gave us a talk was his father.给我们作报告的那个人是他父亲。不能变为：The man giving us a talk was his father.(因为现在分词giving表示动作正在进行)(4)定语从句简化为不定式短语如果定语从句中的谓语是一般将来时或先行词前有序数词或last，only等修饰语时，该从句往往简化为不定式结构。Mary is the only person that can save me from danger.Mary is the only person to save me from danger.玛丽是唯一一个从危难中解救我的人。,(5)定语从句简化为“介词which不定式”的形式。The farmers uses wood to build a house in which they can store grain.The farmers uses wood to build a house in which to store grain.农民用木头建造房子用来储存粮食。注意：在这种结构中引导词in which不可用where代替。(6)定语从句简化为形容词短语如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语，则该定语从句可简化为形容词短语。,The bottle which is full of milk is on the table.The bottle full of milk is on the table.装满牛奶的瓶子放在桌子上。(7)定语从句简化为介词短语如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语，该从句常可简化为介词短语。The apples which are in the box are bad.The apples in the box are bad.箱子里的苹果是坏的。,【链接训练】The man _ was a friend of mine.Ayou just talked toBwhom you just talked to himCwho you just talked to himDwhich you just talked to【解析】whom引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语时，可将whom省略。【答案】A,The scientists went into a large house_gold and treasure by chance.Awas full of Bwas filled withCfull of Dthat filled with【解析】此题考查形容词短语作定语，修饰house。full ofwhich is full of。【答案】C,Loading,