最后的莫西干人 电影与小说的对比.ppt
a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century.His historical romances of frontier and Indian life in the early American days created a unique form of American literature.He attendedYale Universityfor three yearsBefore embarking on his career as a writer he served in theU.S.Navyas a Midshipman which greatly influenced many of his novels and other writings.,He is best remembered as anovelistwho wrote numerous sea-stories and thehistorical novels known as theLeather stocking Tales.Among naval historians his works on early U.S.naval history have been widely received but were sometimes criticized by Coopers contemporaries.Among his most famous works is theRomanticnovelThe Last of the Mohicans,often regarded as hismasterpiece.,A Narrative of 1757 is a historical novel The second book of the Leatherstocking Tales pentalogy,The Pathfinder is its sequel.The story is set during the French and England War(the Seven Years War),when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America.During this war,the French depended on its Native American allies to help fight the more numerous British colonists in the Northeast frontier areas.,作品反映了英法殖民主义者是一切罪恶的根源。他们为掠夺这片印第安人土地而发动了战争，他们共同对印第安人实行诈骗、暴虐乃至骇人听闻的种族灭绝政策。他们用高价收购印第安人的头皮，用“火水”和圣经麻醉印第安人的斗志，用欺骗和胁迫要印第安人充当炮灰，恶毒地挑拨印第安各部落互相残杀，使之同归于尽。钦加哥原为莫希干族的大酋长，他的部落就是在白人殖民者的枪炮和奸计下惨遭覆灭的。他曾向老友邦波伤心地诉说道:,“英国人来到这儿之前我们的部落团结一致，我们生活得很幸福。盐湖给我们鲜鱼，森林给我们麋鹿，天空给我们飞鸟，我们娶了老婆，而老婆又给我们生了孩子那些荷兰人登陆后，把火水给了我的人民，一直到让他们喝得天地也分不清后来他们就被迫离开了自己的土地，一步步被赶离了可爱的河岸，最后落到了这样的地步:我作为一个首领和大酋长，也只能从树缝里见到阳光，而一直不能去看一下自己的祖坟!”北美殖民地的发展史，实质上就是这样一部印第安人的血泪史。,Cora(Madeleine Stowe)and her younger sister,Alice(Jodhi May),both recent arrivals to the colonies,are being escorted to their father,Colonel Munro(Maurice Roeves),by a troop of British soldiers.Along the way they are ambushed by a Huron war party led by Magua(Wes Studi),a sinister warrior with a blood vendetta against Munro.Munros soldiers are wiped out and Cora herself is nearly killed by Magua but is saved at the last moment by Hawkeye(Daniel Day-Lewis),a white trapper raised by the Mohican tribe.Hawkeye promises to take Cora and her sister safely to their father,and along the way Cora and the intense Hawkeye fall in love.Together they must survive wilderness,war,and the relentless pursuit of Magua.,英文版,小说以威廉亨利堡司令孟罗上校的两个女儿科拉和艾丽斯，前往堡垒探望父亲途中被劫持的经历为主线，展开了在原始森林中追踪、伏击、战斗等一系列惊险情节的描写。主人公纳蒂邦波，此时已做了英军的侦察员，并已获得“鹰眼”的绰号，他和他的老友莫希干族酋长“大蟒蛇”钦加哥，以及钦加哥的儿子“快腿鹿”恩卡斯挺身而出，为了救出姐妹俩，和劫持者展开了一场惊心动魄的斗争，最后以一场大厮杀而告终。,中文版,1.真实的历史背景为基本元素2.柔和了大量的虚构事件3.塑造了众多的人物形象4.主题分别涉及了宗教、家庭、人与自然、跨种族的友情、爱情等。,1.基本主题为爱情2.影片的命题立意上有了创新-采用了简化与强化的策略3.历史背景的差异-满足现代观众的观赏心理修改了小说的情节、突出了爱情主题4.削弱了Cooper对殖民者对于印第安人罪行的谴责。,Novel:,Movie:,Differences between novel and movie,“在同钦加哥（Chinkagoo）不朽的友谊中，纳蒂.班波（Hawkeye）梦想着一个新的社会的开始.这完完全全是两个男人之间的感情，它超越了性别、财产、父子情，超越了婚姻和爱情。”-劳伦斯,小说的精神基础是坚固的友谊充满了令人颤栗的进攻、抓捕、逃跑和营救等场面描写无坚不摧的友谊主线：Hawkeye和Chinkagoo的友谊Hawkeye、Cora、Ducan Heywood、Uncas之间的友谊电影版本中则强调爱情Hawkeye与Cora之间的爱情取代了友谊成为了整部作品的灵魂。,Differences between novel and movie,造型艺术电影叙述故事则是通过摄像头直接的方式把生动的数码效果和特殊的视觉冲击力带给观众电影的娱乐效果和刺激性效果比文学作品更容易接受。,语言艺术用文学叙述一个故事是通过语言富有哲学意义的语言哲学更能体现文学作品的深刻内涵语言的抽象意义也为读者提供了一个广阔的想象空间,文学作品：,电影：,Differences between novel and movie,鹰眼,即电影中的(Hawkeye)，是库拍的“皮裹腿”五部小说中的主人翁。作者给他“鹰 眼”的绰号,是因为他的神射技巧。鹰眼出生白人家庭,由于被莫希干人收养,接受了印第安人的教育,属于文化层面的“混血”。他的性格正如他的名字那样：忠贞和勇敢，聪明和果断。,小说与电影中“鹰眼”的形象,新生的美国人形象：鹰眼的形象最早源自美洲边疆地区流行的有关布恩的民间传说。库柏以浪漫主义的手法,广泛应用富含美洲特色的象征,把鹰眼的形象塑造成新生的美国人。鹰眼与“外来的”英国人、法国人不同,他对美洲的原始荒野有着极好的“适应性”,因此他非常强壮.鹰眼与本土的休伦族人也不同,他身上既有印第安人对土地的热爱之情,也有自夸白人文化的欲望。他是一种新生的“美国人”,库柏的这一神话流传了近两个世纪。,鹰 眼的超人形象在小说和电影中鹰眼都是超人的形象每 当众人走 投 无路 的时 刻,他 总 能 及时现身,救人于危难。不过,影片中的鹰眼形象更为完美无缺。比如,鹰眼在小说中曾经在传递情报时被 敌人捕捉另外,鹰眼也有凶残的一面,比如他会用刀刺人已经死亡的敌人心脏。这些细节虽 然真实可信,但是有损英雄的“光 辉”。因此,编导 在影片 中把 这 些彻 底删除了。鹰 眼的形象顿时完美可爱许多。,鹰眼的跨种族友情鹰眼追求的梦想是能够让天下众 人情同手足,不分肤色、种族、宗教，人人能够施展才华,享受自然的生活。他与莫希干人父子结下了深厚的跨种族的友谊。库泊创作的跨种族的友谊,实际上演变成 十九世纪美国文学的传统。鹰眼虽然珍 惜跨种族的友谊,但是他对于跨越 种族的男女爱情却态度暖昧,鹰眼的跨种族爱情小说中的鹰眼不赞成跨种族的男女爱情,认为这种爱情注定要失败。我们知道鹰眼在这一 点上成了库泊的传声筒。因为库泊在其长篇小说中就安排了跨种族相恋的情人双双灭亡 的结局。库拍认为他们跨种族相恋,“理应受罚”,这流 露出作者的时代局限性。在当时的美洲白人社会,反对跨种族的爱情的观点普遍存在。但是,影片中的鹰眼不再反对跨种族的 情爱,事实上,他还“以身作 则”,带头与混血姑娘柯拉热恋,他反对跨种族爱情的落后面貌顿时烟消云散。这当然是电影编导的功劳,因为他们知道影片中鹰眼的形象更加符合现代观众的观赏品位。,Father:Chingachgook,Son:Uncas,Mohicans,He is the adoptive father of hawkeye(Natty Bumpoo)In the novel we can know he become the last Mohican after death of his son(Uncas)Personality characters:Brave,believe men in different racial can be equally treated.,Father:Chinkagoo,Brief introduction,Chinkagoowas afictional characterin four ofJames Fenimore Coopers five Leatherstocking Tales,includingThe Last of the Mohicans.Chingachgook was a lone Mohicanchief and companion of the series hero,Natty Bumppo.InThe Deerslayer,Chingachgook married Wah-ta-Wah,who bore him a son named Uncas,but died while she was still young.Uncas,who was at his birth last of the Mohicans,grew to manhood but was killed in a battle with the Huron warriorMagua.Chingachgook died as an old man in the novelThe Pioneers,which makes him the actual last of the Mohicans,having outlived his son.,He and Hawlk-eye not only friends but also brothers.Alice was saved by him.In the movie he and Alice fall in love with each other.But in the novel they didnt.He finally was killed by Indians.,Son:Uncas,In the novel when Uncas was killed,Hwalk-eye revenged him,but in the movie,Chingachgook killed Magua.Uncas and Alice fall in love in the movie,and when he was killed,Alice finally suicide.But in the novel they never fall in love,the fact is that he only saved Alice unfortunately he was killed by Indians,Magua,一、人物设定1、Maguais a fictional character and the mainvillainin the novel The Last of the MohicansbyJames Fenimore Cooper.2、AHuronIndianchief3、He is also known by the French alias Le Renard Subtil(The Wily Fox).二、角色设定1、Magua is the enemy ofColonel Munro,the commandant ofFort William Henry,2、And he attempts on several occasions to abduct the colonels daughters,Cora and Alice.3、He also assists the French leader,theMarquis de Montcalm,inhis attack on the fort.,comparison,The similarity：在小说中：马古亚Magua 是与鹰眼相对的反面角色库珀在小说中着意使他他类型化,成为邪恶的象征.在电影中：作为极其邪恶的杀害蒙罗的恶棍被定义。,An evil（in the movie）影片中的马古亚形象，在影片中马古亚的形象有了很大变化。马古亚已经类型化,成为十恶 不赦的“坏蛋”。1，他成了一 个恶魔，根本不可能考虑到要从精神层面挫 伤上校孟洛。他的唯 一手段就是残酷的杀戮。他率领休伦族人屠杀了投降后的英军与平民。马古亚不仅亲手杀死了上校,而且还残忍地掏出了上校仍 然跳动的心脏。2，只懂报复，麻木不仁他对美丽的柯拉姐妹也无“惜香怜玉”之情。他亲手杀死了莫希干人恩卡斯。,1、他被殖民者俘虏并引向邪恶的生活境地。在他与科拉的对话当中,他将自己比喻成生活在法国殖民者控制下无助的“焦虑不安的水牛”。2、库拍在小说中着意使他类型化，成为邪恶的象征。但是马古亚的实际形象还是有血有肉、源于生活的。1）塑造了一个心胸狭隘的，毫无“纪律”之概念印第安人的形象马古亚因为酗酒误事而受到英军上校孟洛的羞辱和严惩一一鞭答。马古亚因此发誓报复孟洛上校。2）智商高，煽动力强马古亚并不想从身体上伤害上校。他要挫伤的是白人的精神。在他捉到上校的女儿之后，他便威胁要与之联姻，立刻引起白人社会的一片惊慌。能够极大程度的调动族群的力量3）心存爱意，良知尚未完全泯灭马古亚是带着复仇动机劫持了柯拉，然而他对柯拉也掺杂着一丝恋情。因此他不愿 伤害柯拉，使得自己处境危险在所不惜。特别是在小说结尾之处，马古亚的心理变得更为微妙。他的怜悯之心淡化了他的复仇理念。,Complex features（in the novel）,Alice,1、变化活泼沉默死亡2、性格：软弱，体贴 爱情观：对爱情忠贞3、活着,柯拉（Cora）,一号女主角英军孟洛上校与西印度群岛的女人所生勇敢聪慧、目光远大,是一名“新女性”,柯拉与恩卡斯的跨种族的爱情故事在小说中,柯拉常常觉得印第安男人充满魅力库柏就如历史上的白人一样,害怕跨种族的婚姻,小说中的柯拉形象,影片中的柯拉形象,充满魅力的柯拉心仪男主角鹰眼英军少校海瓦特苦苦追求柯拉柯拉更显勇敢,当鹰眼遭遇不公对待,她勇敢地与父亲争辩面临敌人的大屠杀,她勇敢地拿起了武器进行反抗。,Heyward,海瓦特,The represent of English,Can not adopt to the environment in the primeval forestHas no idea about the IndianStubborn“Brave”,In the novel,He is very brave,especially when Alice is in trouble;He is silly,but his love story with Alice is beautiful;His ignorance keeps company with his innocence,In the movie,He falls in love with Cora;He doesnt have his own principles;He loses his kindnessHe fancies himself to be a brave man to rescue Cora and Alice,Monro,孟洛,Comparison,ColonistHas a little prejudice on the IndiansLoves his daughters even though Cora has the black hairLongs for peace,ColonistCannot use the tactics effectivelyLoves his daughtersIs killed by Magua,对这些善良温柔的姑娘说，一个伤心衰老的人感谢她们，告诉她们，我们大家所崇拜的上帝，虽然有不同的名称，他一定会留意到他们的善举。在不太遥远的将来，我们都会聚集在他的宝座周围,不分性别、身分和肤色。,歌唱者-格姆大卫,歌唱者在小说中的作用1.反映了英法国家在殖民地的宗教主义，及宗教侵略政策2.小说中歌唱者的形象其实是很善良忠厚的人，可见也体现了作者对殖民战争带给印第安人的伤害表示同情，通过这一善良的唱着圣歌的人物形象希望带来一种安宁平静，增加一种人性的关怀。3.就小说中而言，在这些主人公遇到危险被困时，他的歌声在一定程度上给人以精神寄托和心理慰藉。4.电影中没有安排着一个人物，应该是编导为了简化故事，更强调主人公的事迹以及对人物之间爱情友情的叙述，所以删掉了这一人物。,Thanks for listening,
