诺贝尔获奖者演讲(英文)（PPT） .ppt

,FROM EINSTEIN TO NANOTECHNOLOGY,BAOTOU,APRIL 26,2011,THE MAGIC AND BEAUTY of(NANO-)SMALL,or,WORKING AT AN EVER SMALLER SCALE SHAPED THE,TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS OF THE PAST,TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS&MINIATURIZATION,1905“ANNUS MIRABILIS”or the“WONDER YEAR”,Dualism Wave Photon/Interaction of light with matter,DIFFUSION:DIFF d2,A FIRST DIRECT NANO PROPERTY“,EVERYTHING EMERGES FROM THE nm SCALE AND IS,IN NATURE,SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE NANOMETER SCALE,NEW SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERPUSHING THE LIMITS TO THE EVER SMALLER,EMERGED IN A NATURAL WAY AS A,MINIATURIZATION from MICRO to NANO“TOP-DOWN”,From simple MOLECULES to large FUNCTIONAL SUPRA-MOLECULES“BOTTOM-UP”,BIOLOGY as HYBRID of BOTH APPROACHES,Atoms&Molecules become real objects,1905“ANNUS MIRABILIS”or the“WONDER YEAR”,Dualism Wave Photon/Interaction of light with matter,PROGRESS OF SCIENCE or HOW BREAKTHROUGHS COME ABOUT,PROBLEM(and CURIOSITY)DRIVEN,DISCOVERY(SERENDIPITY,unexpectedly),For BOTH of THEM:YOU NEVER KNOW“WHAT;WHEN,and by WHOM”,SEQUENCE OF THINKING,WHAT WOULD CHANGE IF I COULD DO IT?WHAT IS IMPORTANT THAT I DO IT?,HOW CAN I DO IT?,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,NANO FOR NANO,THE CENTRAL CHALLENGE OF NANOSCALE MATERIAL SCIENCE:,GROWTH&FABRICATION,OF GIVEN STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS,AT GIVEN LOCATIONS,FOR GIVEN FUNCTIONS,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,NINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1),NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY,PROTECTING-TRANSPARENT,INTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTION,THE TUNNELING INTERFACE,molecular switch,MEYER,IBM ZURICH RESEARCH,DECOUPLES ELECTRONIC WAVEFUNCTIONS FROM SUBSTRATE,ALLOWS ELECTRON TRANSFER TO SUBSTRATE,Electronic properties of atoms/molecules-Catalytic processes on insulators-Metallic nanostructures,NINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1),NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY,CONTACTS:CLASSICAL,QUANTUM ELECTRICAL,CHEMICAL,MECHANICAL,PROTECTING-TRANSPARENT,COLORFUL-FLAT,INTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTION,INTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTION,NINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1),NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY,CONTACTS:CLASSICAL,QUANTUM ELECTRICAL,CHEMICAL,MECHANICAL,PROTECTING-TRANSPARENT,COLORFUL-FLAT,INTERFACE SCIENCE:THE MODERN MATERIALS SCIENCE,FUNCTIONALACTIONFUNCTIONAL,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,LIQUID-SOLID,THE POWER INTERFACE,INDISPENSIBLE FOR:,ASSEMBLY SCENARIOS,BIOLOGY/MEDICINE,FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SURFACES,EASE THE SURFACE TRAFFIC CONGESTION“,NANO SMALL ULTRAHIGH,DENSITIES:COMPONENTS,ENERGY,INTENSITIES:CURRENTS,FLUXES,FIELDS,SPEED:MECHANICS,RATES,SENSITIVITY:MOLECULAR RECOGNITION,NANO SMALL:SMALL NUMBERS,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,THE 1/N ISSUESMALL N,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,THE 1/N ISSUE,ps I 100 A;R contact 1 k Q 10 J,(V 100mV)ns I 100 nA Q 10 pJ,(V 100V),FLUCTUATION OF CURRENTS:1/N 3%N 1000 ELECTRONS,FLUCTUATION OF DOPANTS:1/N 3%N 1000 DOPANTS,THE POSITIONS OF THE DOPANTS BECOME IMPPORTANT:ORDERED DOPING ATOMS,DOPING LEVEL:1020 cm-3,VOLUME:30 x30 x30 nm3,CONTROL by COUNTING,NANO SMALL ULTRAHIGH,DENSITIES:COMPONENTS,ENERGY,INTENSITIES:CURRENTS,FLUXES,FIELDS,SPEED:MECHANICS,RATES,SENSITIVITY:MOLECULAR RECOGNITION,LARGE SYSTEMS:ULTRALARGE NUMBERS OF COMPONENTS,NANO SMALL:SMALL NUMBERS,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE,THE 1/N ISSUESMALL N,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,The power problem:weve been here before!,STEAM IRON,THE CRUCIAL ISSUE OF POWER DISSIPATION,NUMBER OF COMPONENTS:d-2LEAD RESISTANCE:d-2“CONTACT”RESISTANCE RQ:d-4LEAKAGE CURRENTS:exp(d),POWER DISSIPATION IN PRESENT CMOS TECHNOLOGY:50%BY ACTIVE COMPONENTS,50%BY LEAKAGE CURRENTS,OFF“-STATE DISSIPATES SAME OR MORE THAN ON“-STATE,NONVOLATILE SWITCHES,BISTABLE NANOSTRUCTURES,BASED ON,FOR MEMORIES AND PROCESSORS,REVIVAL OF TWO TERMINAL DEVICES,DOES NOT DOWNGRADE AN AMPLIFIER TO A SWITCH,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDS,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE,THE 1/N ISSUESMALL N,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN&WITH AUTONOMOUS NANO-SYSTEMS FIELDS,MESSENGERS,WIRELESS ENERGY SUPPLY TO AUTONOMOUS NANO-SYSTEMSNANO ENERGY HARVESTING“,LARGE SYSTEMS:ULTRALARGE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS e.g.GIGA-COMPONENTS/CHIP,PETA-BYTE STORAGE,SMALL SYSTEMS:MODERATE NUMBER OF COMPONENTSe.g.NANO ROBOTS,LOCAL SENSOR-ACTUATION-PROCESSOR SYSTEMS POCKET SIZE TERABITS“,PERVASIVE BRIDGES BETWEEN THEREAL WORLD OF ACTION&VIRTUAL WORLD OF DATA PROCESSING,FUTURE,ULTIMATE GOAL,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDS,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE,THE 1/N ISSUESMALL N,THEORYCOMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,COMPUTATIONAL METHODS ARE THE THEORY OF NANO,AT THE TRANSITION OF CONDENSED MATTER BEHAVIOR TO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR ROPERTIES,NO A PRIORE DIMENSION AND SYMMETRY,INTERFACING OF VERY DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS,PROCESSES,COMPLEX SYSTEMS,COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR NANO:,COMPUTERS AND COMPUTATION,THE CHALLENGE,FROM HARDWARE TO SOFTWARE,HARDWARE:COMPONENTS&COMPONENT CLUSTERS SENSORS AND ACTUATORS,SOFTWARE(SW):THE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM,SW IN COMPUTATION:DAWN AT THE HORIZON ARCHITECTURES,ALGORITHMS,PROGRAM BRAINCELLS INSTEAD OF PETA-FLOPS,SW IN NANO:A LONG WAY TO GO UNTIL DAWN SENSOR,ACTUATOR,AND PROCESSOR SYSTEMS STRAGIES OF NATURE,NANO&COMPUTATION,NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDS,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT,COMPLEX NANOSYSTEMSCELLS(SYSTEMS BIOLOGY),THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE,THE 1/N ISSUESMALL N,THEORYCOMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES,ISSUES AND CHALLENGES,CELL,THE NANO-WORLD OF,SMART SENSORS,SMART ACTUATORS,PROCESS CONTROL WITHOUT CENTRAL PROCESSOR,A NEW CHALLENGE:NANOMEDICINE,NANOTECHNOLOGYON A HIGHER;MORE COMPLEX LEVEL,TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY(DRUG ENCAPSULA IN TARGETING SYSTEM,0,20,40,60,80,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,100,Final drug concentration mol/l,Disease Suppressor efficacy,Free drug,targeted,drug,B),100 x Enhanced drug efficacy,100%,Drug efficacy(lower is better),NANOCARRIER-TARGETED DRUGSTRONG ENHANCEMENT ON DESEASED TARGETED CELL,BROZ&HUNZIKER,Universittsspital Basel,Nano-carrier targeting reduces drug toxicity,0,20,40,60,80,100%,-2,0,2,4,6,8,10,P 0.05(ANOVA),(mean+/-standard deviation),Survival of healthy bystander cells(lower=more toxic),ED 50,ED 50,Free drug,encapsulated drug,Disappearance of toxic side effects on neighbour cells!,UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL,BASEK,0,SIDE EFFECTS OF NANOCARRIRER TARGETED DRUG,A NEW CHALLENGE:NANOMEDICINE,NANOTECHNOLOGYON A HIGHER;MORE COMPLEX LEVEL,TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY(DRUG ENCAPSULA IN TARGETING SYSTEM,MINIATURIZED DIAGNOSTIC TESTSFAST,PATIENT-,ENVIRONMENTAL AND COST FRIENDLYPARALELL MULTIPLE TESTS,PERSONALIZED MEDICINE,Beat Lffler,MACLINAMCEO of the European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine Alemannengasse 12,P.O.Box CH-4016 Basel,Switzerland+41 61 695 93 95(phone)+41 61 695 93 90(fax)+41 78 654 37 07(mobile)loefflerclinam.org(E-mail)www.clinam.org,CONTACT FOR CLINICAL NANOMEDICINE,