聚合物锂离子电池设计英文教学讲座材料PPT.ppt

,Using Synchrotron Based in situ X-ray Techniques and Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study Electrode Materials for Lithium Batteries,X.Q.Yang,K.W.Nam,X.J.Wang,Y.N.Zhou,H.S.Lee,O.Haas,L.Wu,and Y.ZhuBrookhaven National Lab.Upton,NY11973,USAK.Y.Chung and B.W.ChoBattery Research Center,Korea Institute of Science and Technology,Seoul 130-650,KoreaHong Li,Xuejie Huang and Liquan Chen Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,ChinaTo be presented at the 4th Southern China Li-ion Battery Top Forum CLTF2009Shenzhen,China,May 25th,2009,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,US DOE Energy StorageR&D Program Structure,Develop full battery systems with industry.(Minimum 50%industry cost share),Investigate cell behavior to understand and overcome performance barriers of Li-ion battery technology.(DOE National Laboratories),Develop novel materials(cathode,anode,electrolyte)that promise increased power and energy.(DOE National Labs and Universities),Focused Fundamental Research,Applied Research,Battery Development(USABC),Funded byBasic Energy Sciences,Funded byVehicle TechnologiesProgram,Funded byOffice of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability,17,18,Hybrid&Electric Systems Appropriation:$94.1M total,Energy Storage Budget$48.2M total,Vehicle Technologies Program,FY 2008,Conventional HEV Battery R&D$18.3M,Exploratory Technology Research$11.6M,PHEV Battery R&D$18.35M,Vehicle&System Simulation&Testing$28.2M,Power Electronics&Electric Mach.$15.5M,Energy Storage$48.2M,19,Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies(BATT):Develop the Next Generation of Lithium Batteries,Activity FocusDevelop novel materials(cathodes,anodes,electrolytes)Develop and apply advanced electrochemical modelsEmploy advanced diagnostic tools to investigate failure mechanismsCoordinate research effort with the DOE Office of Science,Current ParticipantsNational Laboratories Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Argonne National LaboratoryBrookhaven National LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryOak Ridge National laboratoryUniversities Brigham Young UniversityClemson University Columbia UniversityMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyState University of New York,BinghamtonState University of New York,Stony BrookUniversity of California,BerkeleyUniversity of MichiganUniversity of PittsburghUniversity of TexasUniversity of Utah,Focused Fundamental Research,See http:/batt.lbl.gov/,20,Battery State of Charge(SOC),HEV,PHEV,EV,(Fully Charged),(Fully Discharged),CS only:300-500 Wh,25-40 kW(10 sec)55%SOC,300,000 cycles,CS:300-500 Wh,25-40 kW(10 sec)30%SOC,300,000 cycles,CD:Energy scaled for range(10-40 miles),5,000 deep discharge cycles,CD only:Energy scaled for 150+mile range,1,000 deep discharge cycles,Battery Requirements,Uncharged Capacity,1-2 kWh,P/E 15,5-15 kWh,P/E=3-10,40 kWh,P/E=2,0,20,40,60,80,100,Battery Size(kWh),Charge Depleting(CD),Charge Sustaining(CS),Unused Energy,Battery Size(kWh),Key challenges for PHEV battery dual modes of operation(CD and CS)are durability and cost.,21,Development Goals,Technologies Being ConsideredNickelate chemistry based on NCA materialSpinel chemistry based on LiMn2O4Iron phosphate chemistry based on LiFePO4Titanate chemistry based on Li4Ti5O12,22,Applied Research,Activity FocusInvestigate cell behaviorUnderstand,extend,and accurately predict Li-ion battery lifeScreen and develop low-cost cell materialsUnderstand and improve abuse tolerance Understand and improve low-temperature performance,Overcome the Commercialization Barriers for Li-ion Batteries,Current ParticipantsNational Laboratories Argonne National LaboratoryBrookhaven National LaboratoryIdaho National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy LaboratorySandia National LaboratoriesUniversities Illinois Institute of TechnologyUniversity of IllinoisUniversity of WisconsinIndustrial material suppliers39 different material suppliers,23,Battery Development,United States Advanced Battery Consortium(USABC)Activity,Develop full battery systems through competitive subcontracts with the USABC.All subcontracts are at least 50%cost-shared.Develop performance requirements and standardized test procedures.Test deliverables and analyze against performance targets using standardized test procedures.Performance testing at Argonne and Idaho National Laboratories Abuse testing at Sandia National LaboratoriesThermal analysis and design support at National Renewable Energy LaboratoryBattery simulation and modeling support at Argonne and National Renewable Energy Laboratories,24,Commercialized,1,Phase 1:Materials Development,Phase 2:CellDevelopment,Phase 3:BatteryDevelopment,Phase 4:CostReduction,Intermediate term,Long-term,exploratory,Near market-ready,7,6,5,4,3,2,Commercialization,NiMHLow cost separatorsUltracapacitorsGraphite/Nickelate,5.Graphite/Mn spinel 6.Graphite/Iron phosphate7.Li titanate/Mn spinel,Cost Goal,Performance Goal,$20/kW(by 2010),25 kW for 10 sec,300Wh(by 2010)40 kW for 10 sec,500Wh(by 2010),HEV Technology Development Roadmap,25,HEV Battery Development Contracts,26,Development Goals,27,PHEV Battery Status,Near-term:Existing technologies that work well for HEVs will be re-engineered for PHEV10.First generation design will be used as the baseline.Even for materials that have adequate capacity and energy,an alternative cell format could help reduce weight and volume.One or two technologies will be down-selected for further improvement.Long-term:Technologies will include high capacity materials and electrolytes stable at 5 Volts.Need to increase cell energy densities by 50%to 100%to meet system weight and volume for PHEV40.,28,PHEV Battery Status,Durability-Unclear how the two modes of operation(i.e.,deep discharges and shallow discharges)will affect battery life.Diagnostic investigations to determine failure mechanisms and methods to mitigate them.Protect the electrode/electrolyte interface using coatings and additives that form stable surface films.Develop new electrodes and electrolytes that have inherent stability.Cost-Estimated to exceed$1,000 per kWh.Needs to be reduced by a factor of 2-3.Develop higher-energy chemistries to reduce$/kWh.,29,Commercialized,Phase 1:Materials Development,Phase 2:CellDevelopment,Phase 3:BatteryDevelopment,Phase 4:CostReduction,Intermediate term,Long-term,exploratory,Near market-ready,4,3,7,6,Commercialization,Graphite/NickelateGraphite/Iron PhosphateGraphite/Mn Spinel Li-titanate/High Voltage Nickelate,Li alloy/High Voltage PositiveLi/SulfurLi Metal/Li-ion Polymer,5,Goals,$500/kWh(by 2012)$300/kWh(by 2015),1,2,100 Wh/kg(by 2012)150 Wh/kg(by 2015),Specific Energy:,Cost:,PHEV Technology Development Roadmap,Current HEV chemistries,Acknowledgements,U.S.Department of EnergyVehicle Technologies ProgramOffice of Vehicle Technology,Collaborators in battery research using in situ XRD technique-Clare Grey(SUNY Stony Brook):LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2-M.S.Whittingham(SUNY Binghamton):LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2-K.Zaghib(Hydro Quebec):LiFePO4 and LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4-M.M.Thackeray(ANL):xLi2MO3(1-x)LiyMO2Manthiram(UT Austin):multi-doped spinel materialsKyung-Yoon Chung(KIST,Korea):Carbon coated LiFePO4S.D,Choi(LG Chemical Corp.,Korea)Mixed cathode,