PTN 业务、QoS、OAM及倒换性能测试——JDSU.ppt

蒯宏燕,PTN 业务QoS,OAM及倒换性能测试,PTN在城域网中的应用定位,3G/LTE基站回传以太网专线,L2 VPN,CN2 MPLS VPN接入城域L3业务接入（MPLS VPN，IPTV）,接入,汇聚,骨干,PTN,GE,BSC,FE,CN2,FE/GE,FE/GE,企业用户,PTN,PTN,BSC/PCF,BTS,FE,FE,分组传送,语音数据,3G/LTE数据业务的规模发展需要承载分组化,移动承载网需要同时提供分组的灵活性和传送的可管可控能力。为了降低对GPS的依赖，降低网络成本，需要支持时间和频率同步。,PTN与MSTP的比较,PTNPTN采用分组交换的方式，支持统计复用，对于分组业务的传送效率高，适应业务分组化的发展趋势以太网接口为主，成本低，业务速率升级便利。支持时间同步和频率同步，满足C网承载需求。标准化还在进行中，缺乏规模应用。,MSTP基于时隙交换方式，适用于TDM业务的承载，无法满足数据业务带宽灵活调整的需求。E1/STM-1接口为主，业务速率升级不方便，数据业务为主时成本高。只支持频率同步。技术成熟度好，已有广泛应用。,结论：PTN更适合于作为3G成熟期和LTE阶段的承载方案,PTN 网络开通及运维测试,1.PTN 设备性能,业务承载及Qos测试,PTN支持多业务统一承载,多业务全IP化传送,Dust Filter,PW/Tunnel,ATM/IMA,FE,TDM E1,ATM 155M,GE/FE,SDH 155M,线路接口,线路接口,CESoPSNSAToP,TDM,POS/E1,HDLC,PPP/ML-PPP,MPLS,PWE3,Abis,TDM,E1,Abis,TDM,E1/chSTM-1,Abis,TDM,PWE3,Abis,MAC,GE,lub UP,AAL2,ATM,IMA,E1,lub UP,AAL2,ATM,PWE3,lub UP,AAL2,ATM,STM-1,-,lub UP,802.1Q,MPLS,PWE3,Eth,lub UP,802.1Q,Eth,N:1 Eth PWE3 封装,PWE3,lub UP,802.1Q,Eth,lub UP,802.1Q,Eth,PSN,N:1 ATM PWE3 封装,AAL2,lub UP,ATM,-,MPLS,PWE3,网络接口,08,TDM Connectivity&Throughput测试,验证TDM信号的连通性 和 吞吐量业务及误码测试,客户端Ethernet 测试,Ethernet,OC-48/192,Loop Command,测试是从switch 到客户端贯彻整个运营商网络.在客户端network interface device(NID)处.步骤#1 连接性 执行一层 BERT测试步骤#2 连接性/各种RFC2544 测试二层以太网流量远端支持业务环回步骤#3-QoS 时延,丢帧,失序帧,丢帧,抖动等,Traffic Path,Ethernet,MPLS-TP Section Test/Ethernet Link Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,UNI,UNI,UNI,UNI,NNI,NNI,NNI,Replace any core NEs network port with one 6000A inside the MPLS-TP networkTest against an adjacent edge or core NE,连接性测试端到端产生和接受 IEEE 802.3 以太网帧环回测试使用远端测试单体在二层及以上网络实现环回,以太网连接性测试,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,RFC2544 一致性测试被测链路满足 RFC2544,以太网RFC2544,Ethernet,Loop Command,Traffic Path,Ethernet,Throughput&Packet Loss,Core IP Network/Gateway,Affected by Buffer overruns in network componentsNetwork Congestion and bad network elementsCustomer ComplaintsVoIP-packet clicks and fuzziness or even dropped callsData-customer complains of extreme load times,RFC,Affected by The maximum bandwidth link set up between two locationsNetwork Overhead Whether network elements are setup properly Customer ComplaintsVoIP-customer can only place one call at a timeData-during peak hours(9-11am,2-4pm)the internet slows down,Throughput,Packet Loss,BERT 与包的错误率区别,Bit errors Throughput,Ethernet frames/packets are dropped if they contain a single errorA larger bit error rate may be more desirable than a lower oneAssuming 1518 byte packets,a BER of 8e-5 can lead to a 99.99%throughput or a 0%throughput rate depending on how the errors are distributed!,40 bit sequence of 4 packets,Bottom Line is a Packet Error Rate is key in the IP world,not the BER rate like we are all used to,RFC,Round Trip Time(Latency)网络环路延时,Affected by Priority queuing and traffic shaping problemsNetwork CongestionLength and type of Link(satellite or terrestrial)Customer ComplaintsFor VoIP when the customer complains of Over talk and echoFor Data if the customer complains of extreme load times for web pagesDetailed CommentsKey time to test round trip time is when throughput is being maxed on the link,to ensure that buffering and live traffic is not going to drastically delay the RTTSince ping is done using IGMP messages and routers generally handle these messages differently than regular traffic,pinging may not get an accurate latency measurement,1,4,3,3,2,1,4,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,2,TIMESTAMP,RFC,Round Trip Delay测试步骤Loop back the far endTransmit traffic at provisioned bandwidthVerify no traffic is droppedVerify round trip delay meets expectations,1,4,3,3,2,1,4,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,TIMESTAMP,2,TIMESTAMP,Round Trip Delay测试,Packet Jitter包抖动,Packets Equally spaced,Variation in packet spacing(jitter),Affected by Variation in network traffic levelsNetwork CongestionPriority queuing and traffic shaping problems in combined VoIP/data networksCustomer ComplaintsFor VoIP packet clicking and popping noises to the end userFor VoIP garbled speechDetailed CommentsNote Jitter is important for testing in networks that use VoIP or IPTV,Variation in arrival time between packets,RFC,Ethernet Application Highlight QoS-Packet Jitter,标准 RFC 1889如何定义:Inter-arrival jitter(J)is defined to be the mean deviation(smoothed absolute value)of the difference,D,in packet spacing D(i,j)=(Rj-Ri)-(Sj-Si)=(Rj-Sj)-(Ri-Si)D=difference in packet spacingSi is the timestamp from packet iRi is the time ofarrival of packet IJ=J+(|D(i-1,i)|-J)/16 J=Inter-arrival JitterTakes every sample,divides it by 16 and adds it to the overall Jitter measurement.,Packet#I,Packet#J,Rx=Arrival time,D(i,j)=(Rj-Sj)-(Ri-Si),Sx=Departure time,Inter-arrival Jitter(J)=J+(|D(i-1,i)|-J)/16,分析 3 Packet Jitter Types per flow!,Parallel Jitter measurements for each filtered flow Instantaneous Jitter points to the dynamic of packet jitterRFC 3550 Jitter(former RFC 1889)shows low-pass filtered jitterAbsolute Jitter points to the required buffer sizeCounting hits above threshold helps customers observing their limits,Departure-tdi,Arrival-tai,Departure-td2,MACOH,MACOH,Departure-td1,MACOH,Departure-td2,MACOH,Departure-td1,Instantaneous Jitter=Delay difference of adjacent packetsAbsolute Jitter=Maximum Transfer Delay difference,MPLS/VPLS/MPLS-TP,技术需求,产品功能,MPLS-TP/VPLS QoS test:Throughput,delay,jitter Service transparency,Customer 1 Site A,Customer 2 Site A,Customer 2 Site B,Customer 1 Site B,CE,CE,CE,CE,PE,PE,PTN,PTN,PTN,PTN,T2,NNI-NNI Interface,NNI-NNI Interface,协议流量测试及QoS测试,-,lub UP,802.1Q,MPLS,PWE3,Eth,-,lub UP,802.1Q,MPLS,PWE3,Eth,-,lub UP,802.1Q,MPLS,PWE3,Eth,lub UP,802.1Q,Eth,lub UP,802.1Q,PWE3,Eth,UNI-NNI Interface,NNI-UNI Interface,QoS测试:Client Ethernet Service End-to-End Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,UNI,UNI,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Edge NE,Connect one 6000A to an edge NEs user port at the BS site Connect another 6000A to an edge NEs user port at the RNC site,QoS测试:MPLS-TP PW/LSP End-to-End Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,NNI,NNI,NNI,NNI,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,UNI,UNI,UNI,UNI,NNI,Replace an edge NEs network port with one 6000A at the BS site or a core NEs network port anywhere inside the MPLS-TP network Replace an edge NEs network port with another 6000A at the RNC site or a core NEs network port anywhere inside the MPLS-TP network,协议流量测试及QoS测试,Stream 1:288 bytes,75 kbps,Priority 6Stream 2:288 bytes,15 Mbps,Priority 6Stream 3:Random,49 Mbps,Priority 0Stream 4:Random,Burst 50%,500 Frames,Priority 0,Rate limit:60%,RTD for Stream 3 clearly more,No Loss at Stream 1 and 2,Stream 1 shows more jitter as Stream 2,协议流量测试及QoS测试流程,Class of Service Verification-Voice,Video&Data CoS,MPLS-TP以太网业务承载及测试结果,Carry Data and Control Plane frames transparently,技术需求,产品功能,Generate and verify Control Frames(xSTP,GVRP,etc),Layer 2 透明传输测试,CDP,STP,VTP,GVRP,VTP,GVRP,CDP,STP,Location B,!,A GVRP frame is dropped by switch!,PTN 网络开通及运维测试,2.PTN OAM测试,KPIs for Ethernet Backhaul,Frame Delay(FD)DMM Round Trip1DM One Way delay Measurement(Optional)Frame Delay Variation(FDV)IETF/MEF RFC 3393 Inter-Packet Delay VariationITU Typically considered JitterFrame Loss RateSampled CMMReal LMM/LMRThroughputRFC-2544/ETH-TSTOffered and DeliveredAvailabilityBased on Frame Loss Ratio PercentageITU Sliding WindowMEF/IEEE Static Window,PE,CE,NNI,PE,CE,NNI,ITU Y.1731&IEEE 802.1ag,Customer OAM,Provider OAM,Operator OAM,PTN OAM 功能,OAM based on hardwarePerformance and alarm managementSimilar to SDH:LOS，RDI，AISEnd to end PMOAM level：Ethernet，T-MPLS/MPLS-TP,IEEE 802.3ah,Link OAM,Link OAM,ITU Y.1731 OAM,Connection layer OAM,FE,PTN,IEEE 802.1ag/ITU Y.1731,Service OAM（UNI to UNI）,LSP,PW,CE,CE,PTN,PTN,T-MPLS/MPLS-TP OAM,PTN OAM 提供的功能,Client Ethernet OAM Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,UNI,UNI,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Edge NE,Connect one 6000A to an edge NEs user port at the BS site Connect another 6000A to an edge NEs user port at the RNC site,接入链路的以太网OAM测试,测试用户侧设备CE到PTN边缘设备PE之间的接入链路以太网OAM（基于IEEE 802.3ah）以太网OAM远端发现功能测试端口OAM发现周期功能是否正常端口OAM超时范围功能以太网OAM远端环回功能测试远端环回超时时间测试远端环回下，本地和远端的数据桢转发测试变量请求MIB查询功能测试以太网OAM链路监测功能测试错误符合，错误帧的监测故障指示，告警的处理,PTN 网络内的以太网业务OAM 功能测试,基于IEEE 802.1ag/ITU.T Y.1731以太网OAM故障管理测试产生并监控Continuity Check MessagesLB,LT,TEST测试监控 Passively,Actively 或产生 Alarms(AIS,RDI，LCK)以太网OAM性能监视功能测试帧丢失，桢时延，时延抖动，吞吐量以太网OAM压力测试,PTN 网络内 T-MPLS OAM 功能测试,基于ITU.T G.8114/Y.1373.OAM功能分为告警相关的OAM，性能相关的OAM以及其他的OAM。一般分为TMC、TMP、TMS和接入链路层面提供与故障管理相关的OAM功能，实现了网络故障的自动检测、查验、故障定位和通知的功能在网络端口、节点或链路故障时，通过连续性检测，快速检测故障并触发保护在故障定位时，通过环回检测，准确定位到故障端口、节点或链路提供与性能监视相关的OAM功能，实现了网络性能的在线测量和性能上报功能在网络性能发生劣化时，通过对丢包率和时延等性能指标进行检测，实现对网络运行质量的监控，并触发保护提供告警和告警抑制相关的OAM功能告警机制可以保证在网络故障时产生告警，从而及时、有效关联到故障影响的业务网络底层故障会导致大量的上层故障，上游故障会导致大量的下游故障，AIS/FDI等告警抑制可以屏蔽无效告警提供用于日常维护的OAM功能，包括环回、锁定等操作，为操作人员在日常网络检查中提供了更为方便的维护操作手段。,MPLS-TP Layered OAM,Single ACH Channel Type,0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1|TC|1|TTL|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|0 0 0 1|0 0 0 0|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|Y.1731 Channel Type(0 x8902)|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|MEL|Version|OpCode|Flags|TLV Offset|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+|+|OAM function specific fields|(Y.1731 based)|+:.:|+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+Y.1731 PDU within a single ACH Channel Type,ACH,OAM,GAL,MPLS-TP Section Test/Ethernet Link Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,UNI,UNI,UNI,UNI,NNI,NNI,NNI,Replace any core NEs network port with one 6000A inside the MPLS-TP networkTest against an adjacent edge or core NE,MPLS-TP PW/LSP End-to-End Test,10GEAggregation Network(4-6 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),1GEAccess Network(20 nodes),Node B,RNC,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,Node B,20 Aggregation Networks150 Access Networks,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,FE,GE,GE,GE,GE,6000A,6000A,NNI,NNI,NNI,NNI,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Edge NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,Core NE,UNI,UNI,UNI,UNI,NNI,Replace an edge NEs network port with one 6000A at the BS site or a core NEs network port anywhere inside the MPLS-TP network Replace an edge NEs network port with another 6000A at the RNC site or a core NEs network port anywhere inside the MPLS-TP network,MPLS-TP OAM 连续性检查设置及测试结果,MPLS-TP OAM 告警指示信号设置及测试结果,MPLS-TP OAM环回设置,MPLS-TP OAM 隧道层/段层/PW层设置,MPLS-TP OAM可设置ACH隧道类型,PTN 网络开通及运维测试,3.PTN 保护倒换测试,PTN的保护机制需求,PTN网络端到端保护恢复时间测试-线性保护测试,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,1+1保护,工作路径,保护路径,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,1:1保护,工作路径,保护路径,PTN网络端到端保护恢复时间测试-线性保护测试,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,1+1 SNC/S保护,工作路径,保护路径,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,1:1 SNC/S保护,工作路径,保护路径,ADD,Drop,ADD,Drop,PTN网络端到端保护恢复时间测试-环网保护测试,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,Wrapping保护,工作路径,保护路径,PTN网络端到端保护恢复时间测试-环网保护测试,PTN,PTN,PTN,MEP,Steering保护,工作路径,保护路径,MSPP,手持与系统验证方案相结合,Ethernet,Cell Site,MSC,Backhaul Operator,Cell Site,Cell Site,典型操作Tech goes to a cell siteQT-600 is placed in wait for loopback modeTech Runs an abbreviated RFC-2544 test with a couple of frame size and only throughput testing to check for connectivity 15minute timeframeTech installs NIDTech notifies NOC that there is connectivity.Full RFC-2544 test is run to NIDNOTE 1:This could be run from both directions:Portable to QT or QT to PortableNOTE 2:A quick test should be run on each configured VLAN特点Keeps Techs moving and working Sites turned up fasterAllows for full testing of EVC configuration(QOS,CIR,CBS,EIR,EBS,PIR,Frame Delay,Frame Delay Variation,and Frame Loss,Cell Site,PTN网络业务性能监控及运维测试,性能监控的目的,同TDM业务一样,以太网业务性能也需要实时地实施监控可以迅速定位业务劣化故障.保证可靠地以太网等级服务得到实时监控.跨多个设备商设备主动地进行SLA管理生成具有工业标准的PM和SLA报告,修正相应的 SLA（业务等级许可）折扣.,Service Level Agreements(SLAs),全业务网络监测及解码分析,业务监测解码及故障分析,业务监测解码及故障分析专家系统,系统网络监控方案,Performance Metrics,Probe,embeddedSOAMMEP,Worst Offenders,SLA Verification,Network Availability,Per-Link Performance,NetComplete,NetOptimize Reporting,NetAnalyst Test OS,RFC 2544,Ping,Traceroute,Loopback Testing,Netmon,Probe,Active Y.1731 test probe 24/7 PM CCM 100 PM sessions Low cost,EtherNID Active PM Probe,Active RFC2544 Test Probe System controlled Multiple active sessions,QT600 Turn-up&Troubleshooting,Demarcation Y.1731,802.1AG,&802.3AH L1 L4 loopbacks Lowest latency&jitter,EtherNID-NID,1,2,Long-term Solution:Embedded service OAM MEP,Interim Solution:Out-of-band Service OAM via synthetic traffic,1,2,SLA 监控报告,Example View-近似实时,单站点报告,日常故障定位与隔离测试案例,NetAnalyst,故障定位及隔离,Mirror Command,区域划分和 连通性测试Ping(LBM),traceroute(LTM),throughput testingLoopback testing监控能够监控具体的业务流量码型实时的吞吐量信息,Ethernet,QT-600,Ping Traceroute Netmon-TopN-Trending,TraceRoute,Ping/Trace RouteLBM/LTM,基本故障定位及处理步骤,技术维护人员从客户投诉或设备告警获得相应的有问题的EVC.技术维护人员找出与EVC相对应的Cell Site 站点线路技术维护人员找出与Cell site相对应的MEP点,并得出相应的 MEP的 MAC address 技术维护人员通过运行LTM 对具体cell site进行测试,MSPP,Ethernet,Cell Site,MSC,Backhaul Operator,NetComplete,NetAnalyst Test OS,RFC 2544,Ping,Traceroute,Loopback Testing,Netmon,LTM,LTR,LTR,LTR,基本故障定位及处理,MSPP,Ethernet,Cell Site,MSC,Backhaul Operator,NetComplete,NetAnalyst Test OS,RFC 2544,Ping,Traceroute,Loopback Testing,Netmon,LBM,LBR,技术维护人员通过LTM 发现的链路故障,然后运用LBM来进行故障节点的逐一定位,LBM,LBR,LBM,LBR,污染物对信号性能影响,Fiber Contamination and Its Effect on Signal Performance光纤污染物和它对信号性能的影响,CLEAN CONNECTION,Back Reflection=-67.5 dBTotal Loss=0.250 dB,DIRTY CONNECTION,Back Reflection=-32.5 dBTotal Loss=4.87 dB,Clean Connection vs.Dirty Connection干净连接vs.脏连接This OTDR trace illustrates a significant decrease in signal performance when dirty connectors are mated.该OTDR踪迹表明了当脏连接器配对时,信号性能极大的下降.,Proactive vs.Reactive Inspection主动vs.被动检查,PROACTIVE INSPECTION主动检查:Visually inspecting fiber connectors at every stage of handling BEFORE mating them.Connectors are much easier to clean prior to mating,before embedding debris into the fiber.配对连接器前，在处理的每个阶段，视觉检查光纤连接器。.在光纤配对和碎片深埋前,连接器更加容易清洗.,REACTIVE INSPECTION被动检查:Visua