[英语]语法专题1213.ppt

2012-2013 高三英语语法复习,语法复习一：英语句子成分（一）定义：构成句子的各个部分（二）句子成分有：主语、谓语 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 The girl jumped.,(全优 Page11),主语：一个句子所叙述的主体 由名词性的词来充当（名词/代词、数词、to do/doing、从句）During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.It is necessary to master a foreign language.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.The rich should help the poor.,the+adj.、,谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 由动词充当 谓语的构成：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。We are students.,（及物、不及物、双宾、系动、宾补动词）,We are learning English today.We are listening to our teacher.Mum gave the boy a big apple.The apple tastes sweat.We will make our classroom beautiful together.,(全优 Page16),Practice选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework,What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book,表语：说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词后。由名词/代词、数词、非谓语动词、介词短语、形容/副词、从句来充当 Our teacher of English is an American.Is it yours?The weather has turned cold.Time is up.Three times seven is twenty one?The machine must be out of order.Her job is to look after those children.What he likes is reading novels.Are you satisfied with your new job?The truth is that he has never been abroad.,表语使用形容词,不用副词!,(全优 Page21),宾语:动作的对象或承受者，一般位于 及物动词后和介词后。动词宾语 介词宾语 动宾结构 介宾结构 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）They elected him their monitor.,They went to see an exhibition yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词/代词、数词、to do/doing、the+adj.、从句）,由名词性的词充当。,(全优 Page27),Practice挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.,practice划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明,使句子 的意义完整。由名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语、从句充当。(带宾补的动词：感官动词、使役动词、表请求的动词)His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,(全优 Page49),practice挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?,定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句 定语使用形容词（形容词、代词、名词、名词所有格、数词、非谓语、介词短语、从句）Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.,(全优 Page16),状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 状语用副词 由副词、介词短语、非谓语、从句充当。(状语种类：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随)Light travels most quickly.He has lived in the city for ten years.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.He is in the room making a model plane.Once you begin,you must continue.,(全优 Page39&44),Practice挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.10.Anyway,I wont stop you from doing it.,主,谓,表,介宾,间宾,宾,定,定,定/宾补,状,10.I have a lot of work to do.11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.12.I said it in fun.13.We can send a car over to fetch you.14.She had to work standing up.15.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.16.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.17.The bus arrived ten minutes late.18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.,定,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,状,定,宾,22.Its strange that she doesnt come today.23.It was in the library that I come today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.,主,定,状,This is my friend,Lily.,同位语：,Keys to revising1.句子各自成分由什么词充当代词：主语 主格;宾语/表语 宾格；定语 形容词性物主代词非谓语：主语/宾语-to do/doing;表语/状语-to do/doing/done形容词：主语/宾语-the+adj.;表语-adj介词短语:主语/宾语-不可用2.动词的过去分词形式（不规则变化）3.人称代词的4中形式,英语语法复习二：基本句型(一)英语简单句五种基本句型一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）五种基本句型句子的扩张其他各种句子都可由以上基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。,只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,（二）There be 句型（There be 句型表示某处或某时“存在”某人某物。其中，there无实际意义；be的单复数与紧跟着的名词的数一致，有时态和情态变化;be 动词有时可用live,stand,lie等代替。）There is a pond and two tall trees in front of the classroom.2.There are two tall trees and a pond in front of the classroom.3.There were many students waiting for the bus at the bus stop then.4.There must be a mistake somewhere.5.There stands/is a mountain near the lake,找出下列句子中的简单句。1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,找出下列句子中的简单句。1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,句子扩张练习:The young lady wearing black clothes has won a gold medal in the Olympics.2.Hearing the news that Father would take her to Disneyland,the little girl with long hair jumped with joy in the street.3.The old gentlemen from Hong Kong can speak three languages fluently.4.The grandma living next door told me an interesting story last night,making me laughing again and again.5.After working hard a whole day,all the young men sat round the table,talking and laughing.,句子扩张练习:The young lady wearing black clothes has won a gold medal in the Olympics.2.Hearing the news that Father would take her to Disneyland,the little girl with long hair jumped with joy in the street.3.The old gentlemen from Hong Kong can speak three languages fluently.4.The grandma living next door told me an interesting story last night,making me laughing again and again.5.After working hard a whole day,all the young men sat round the table,talking and laughing.,句子扩张练习:The young lady wearing black clothes has won a gold medal in the Olympics.2.Hearing the news that Father would take her to Disneyland,the little girl with long hair jumped with joy in the street.3.The old gentlemen from Hong Kong can speak three languages fluently.4.The grandma living next door told me an interesting story last night,making me laughing again and again.5.After working hard a whole day,all the young men sat round the table,talking and laughing.,Homework,全优中有关“句子成分、简单句”内容、练习熟记人称代词的各自形式预习全优中时态部分,语法复习三：动词的时态与语态(1)常见的动词时态句子结构 See 全优-P237 1.do/does2.did6.will/shall do7.would/should do,3.am/is/are doing 4.was/were doing 5.will/shall be doing,8.have/has done9.had done10.will have done,11.have/has been doing12.had been doing,谓语动词的形式,He writes to Jane.He wrote to Jane.He is writing to Jane.He was writing to Jane.He will be writing to Jane.He will write to Jane.He said he would write to Jane.He has written to Jane.He had written to Jane.He will have written to Jane.,He write to Jane,every daylast weeknowat this time yesterdayat this time tomorrowtomorrowtill nowbefore yesterdayby this time tomorrow,I write to Jane.He writes to Jane.He wrote to Jane.He is writing to Jane.He was writing to Jane.He will be writing to Jane.He will write to Jane.He has written to Jane.You have written to Jane.He had written to Jane.He will have written to Jane.,dont writedoesnt writedidnt writeisnt writingwasnt writingwill not be writingwont writehasnt writtenhavent writtenhadnt writtenwont have written,dont/doesnt/didnt+do(行为动词),练习3：句子改错找出下列句子的谓语，并判断其形式是否正确1.He closed the door and hurries away to class.2.It is become a burden to transportation system.3.When I at school,I studied very hard.4.When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.5.Those who eat too much will easily ill.6.I spended 4000 yuan in buying a laptop last week.,练习3：句子改错找出下列句子的谓语，并判断其形式是否正确1.He closed the door and hurries away to class.2.It is become a burden to transportation system.3.When I at school,I studied very hard.4.When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.5.Those who eat too much will easily ill.6.I spended 4000 yuan in buying a laptop last week.,closed and hurried,becomes,will be,spent,was,was,7.If I am not work harder,I will fall behind others.8.Joan with other three girls have been to Beijing.9.When I arrived at the station,the train left.10.If she have much money,she can buy many things that she want.,7.If I am not work harder,I will fall behind others.8.Joan with other three girls have been to Beijing.9.When I arrived at the station,the train left.10.If she have much money,she can buy many things that she want.,dont work,has been,had left,has,wants,明辨时态一、一般过去时与现在完成时 He has lived in China for ten years.（含义是：他可能还住在中国，也可能刚刚离开中国。）He lived in China for ten years.（含义是：他现在已不在中国。）二、现在完成时与现在完成进行时 He has written the book.(含义是：他已写完书）He has been writing the book.(含义是：他已写完书，但可能还会继续写下去）,三、表将来动作的各种结构辨析,will/shall+do 表示的时间可远些,而且也不确定,可单纯表示意愿,并指没有事先考虑或计划好的事。2.be going to+do 准备或打算做某事。根据某种迹象表明即将发生的事或要发生3.be to+do 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，有时可以与be going to交替使用。4.be about to+do（不跟表具体时间词连用;但可跟when引导的时间状语）5.现在进行时 6.一般现在时 注意：当以事物作主语时,多用一般现在时表示按时间安排的活动;当以人作主语时，多用现在进行时表示计划要做的事。,四、进行时：说话时正在进行/持续动作 They are planting trees these days.,现在进行与表示时间的副词(always,forever,continually,constantly)连用代替一般现在时，表说话人的感情。You are always forgetting such important things.He is always studying hard.My wife is forever criticizing me.She is forever displeasing people.He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others.,副词位置：行为动词前，系、情态动词后,时态的呼应：（在宾语从句中）主句的谓语动词为现在时态,从句中的谓语动词根据语境需要来确定。（过去完成时态例外）2.主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就 要用过去各种时。a.She said she was busy then.b.I didnt know she had been to London twice.c.They didnt know when they would have a rest.d.When I was a little child,my father told me that the earth is round.e.Tom said he was born in 1975.,时态的替换：（在时间、条件状语从句中）一般现在时代替一般将来时 He is going to visit her aunt when he arrives in Beijing.2.现在完成时代替将来完成时 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.I wont go home until I have done the job.,有关“动词时态”题的解题关键1.时态题关键是确定时间点,时间点是通过语境来确定。2.时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中 的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的 呼应。3.时态的替换,一些要特别注意的时间点 so far,by now,till now,up to now,recently,lately,in/during/over the last/past years(现在完成时)since+(过去时间/一般过去时句子）主句：have/has done have/has been doing by+时间（现在/过去/将来)主句：have/has done had done will have done(by the time/by the end of)before 时间名词+before(完成时)/时间名词+ago(过去时),固定句型 1.It/This is the first time that(从句：现在完成时)It/This was the first time that(从句：过去完成时)2.It is(has been)+一段时间+since 3.“一就”no soonerthan/hardlywhen No sooner(过去完成时)than（一般过去时）Hardly（过去完成时）when（一般过去时）I had no sooner entered the room than it rained.I had hardly entered the room when it rained.Hardly had I entered the room when it rained.,Homework,全优中有关“时态”内容、练习动词第三人称单数形式变化规则动词-ing形式变化规则动词-ed形式变化规则不规则动词,V-ed变化规则-ed-d去y-ied双写-ed,V-ing变化规则-ing去e-ing双写-ing去ie ying lie-lying,V-s变化规则-s-es3.去y-ies双写-ing have-has,语法复习三：动词的时态与语态(2)常见的动词被动语态句子结构 See 全优-P237 1.do/does2.did,3.am/is/are doing4.was/were doing5.will/shall be doing,8.have/has done9.had done10.will have done,11.have/has been doing12.had been doing,-will/shall be done-would/should be done,-am/is/are done-was/were done,6.will/shall do7.would/should do,-am/is/are being done-was/were being done-will/shall be being done,-have/has been done-had been done-will have been done,被动语态的结构是:be+v-ed,有关“动词语态题”的解题关键,语态题关键是判断主语是动作的执行者（主动）还是承受者（被动）2.短语动词的被动语态，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词。The children are always taken good care of.3.情态动词的被动语态:将情态动词后面的动词 改为被动语态 The work must be finished before Friday.The work must have been finished.The work must be being finished now,must+do must be donemust+have done must have been donemust+be doing must be being done,4.be going to,be to,be sure to,used to,have to和had better等结构的被动语态：将后面的动词原形改为被动语态（be done)The football match is not going to be put off.5.注意不用被动的动词及动词短语(belong to,break out,happen,appear,take place,burst out,last,cost,),