英语学习ppt Chspter3Government and the Commonwealth.ppt
Chapter 3 Government and the Commonwealth,Constitutional Monarchy Parliamentary Democracy,Political Parties,Constitution,Government,Election,The Commonwealth,CONTENT,1.Political system(1)What is the political system in the United Kingdom?constitutional monarchy(2)Who is the Head of State?a king or a queen2.Constitutional Monarchy(1)What is meant by Constitutional Monarchy?The Sovereign reigns,but does not rule.统而不治(2)Could you explain it in detail?A.His or Her Majestys power is limited by the constitution-a formality.B.The real power is invested with elective government.,Political System in Britain,British Constitution is made up of:Statute Law(成文法)made by Parliament Common Law(判例法)decided by judges,their decisions in cases being arrived at after considering the customs and practices of the people involved.Conventions(习惯法)has evolved through decisions in actual trials European Union law,What are the primary sources of British law?,no written constitution,Constitution,I,Basic Structure of UK Central Government,Legislature,Buckingham Palace,Queen,Queen,Queen Elizabeth IIBorn:April 21,1926Queen since June 2,1953 Queen Elizabeth II is a“constitutional monarch”Although she is officially the head of state,the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister.,Official Titles,Elizabeth II,By The Grace Of God,Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen,Head Of The Commonwealth,Defender Of The Faith 上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世,Why do the British people still have a great affection for the Queen?,The Role of the Monarch,head of the executive,the judiciary;an integral part of the legislature,the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the“supreme governor”of the Church of Englandsummons,prorogues and dissolves Parliament.gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.appoints the Prime Minister,ministers,and important officials and officers.presides the great state functions gives many important honors and awards.concludes treaties and declares war.remits(free someone from a punishment)all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a royal pardon.,From Buckingham to Westminster,The State Opening of Parliament Wednesday November 26,2003,Queen,Read pages 33-38What is the role of the House of Lords?What is the role of the House of Commons?,Composition of Parliament,House of Lordsthe Upper House,House of Commonsthe Lower House,Members,695 LordsLords Spiritual Lords Temporal(Life Peers Hereditary peers)President:the Lord Chancellor,659 MPsUniversal Suffrageconstituency(MPs seat)five yearsChairman:Speaker,The House of Lords The House of Commons,The Title of Nobility,公爵 Duke/Duchess 侯爵 Marquis/Marchioness 伯爵 Earl(Count)/Countess 子爵 Viscount/Viscountess 男爵 Baron/Baroness,L Roles C,Receiving no salary but enjoy a small allowanceNon-electedFew attending the parliament sittingsRepresenting their own interest,Receiving salaryElectedRepresenting the public interest of the electorateMost MPs belong to a particular party,The Upper House ReformsReduce the number of seats from 705 to 666(Mar.1,2004)Final court of appealSupreme Court,The House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster,What goes on in the House,Three major functionsto pass laws,bills and acts of Parliamentto scrutinize,criticize and restrain the actions of the government to influence the future government policy,646 Members of Parliament,known as“MPs”for short,who represent the 646 geographical areas/constituencies,The House of Commons,Making new laws,Through3-readings,The Executive,The Prime Minister,Privy Council,The Prime Minister,The Prime Ministerpowerful leader The leader of the majority party Head of the government Decides ministers(Minister of Defense,the Foreign Secretary,and the Chancellor of the Exchequer)Reorganize the government Official residence:No.10 Downing Street,supreme decision-making body 1.Who presides over the Cabinet?The Prime Minister.2.Who compose the Cabinet?The most senior ministers compose the Cabinet.3.What principle does the Cabinet follow in decision making?Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions.,The Cabinet,The Cabinet,Meets weekly at No.10 Downing Street Collective responsibility(resignation)Ministers responsible(accountable)for their particular department The official opposition(Shadow Cabinet):the largest minority party in the House of Commons,Privy Council 枢密院,a body of advisors（the Kings advisory institution in history）current and former Cabinet members and important public figures Its main duty is to give advice,Government Department&the Civil Service,Ministerial responsibility Scottish Office Minister for Scottish Affairs The Ministry of Defense Minister of Defense The Treasury Chancellor of the Exchequer,Civil servants(1)Civil servants are recruited mainly by competitive examination.(2)Change of Government do not involve changes in department staff,who continue to carry out the duties whichever part is in power.,Government Department&the Civil Service,Two branches of lawCivil law defines and enforces the duties or obligations of persons to one anotherCriminal law defines and enforces the obligations of persons to society as a whole,English Judges,The Judiciary,The Court System,Civil branch,Criminalbranch,The Judiciary,Lord Chancellor,Kenneth Clarke,Criminal Proceedings,Trials by juryWhat do you know about the jury system in UK?(1)What is the role of the jury?In criminal trials by jury,the judge passes sentence,but the jury decides the issue of guilty or innocence.(2)Who makes up of the jury and how is the jury formed?A.ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court:12 in England,Wales and Northern Ireland,and 15 in Scotland.B.People between the age of 18 and 70(65 in Scotland)whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.,The Jury System,12 ordinary people A verdict,lawyers,BarristersSolicitors,Police,Londons Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of Home Secretary.Scotland Yard Bobby,Political Parties,The Conservative Party,The Labor Party,The Liberal Democrats,Overall Introduction,What are the major British political parties？Whose interests do they represent?,Comparative Description on the two major parties:,Main Parties,the Conservative Partythe Labour Party the Liberal Demacrats,Right wing party,C.Vs.L,Longer history Holding more traditional capitalist ideas Emphasizes on private interests upper&middle classesPolicies:privatisation,Based on trade unions middle&lower classes Took power after WWII Political conception&policy:-Social equality-Social welfare-Nationalisation,Left wing party,Margaret Thatcher(1979-1990)The Iron Lady privatized state-owned industries and promoted a more competitive spirit in Britains economy reduced old age pensions,shortened the period of unemployment benefits,and cut child benefits curbed the power of the trade unions,The Conservative Party,Recent Prime Ministers from the leftTony Blair(1997-2006)“Third Way”made the Bank of England independent(separate politics and economic policy)put an emphasis on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes,The Labor Party,Gordon Brown(June 27,2007),every 5 years constituencies vote of no confidence,Election,The procedure of general elections,hung parliament,In a two-party parliamentary system of government,a hung parliament occurs when neither major political party has an absolute majority of seats in the parliament(legislature).One or both main parties may seek to form a coalition government with smaller third parties,or a minority government relying on external support from third parties or independents.If these efforts fail,a dissolution of parliament and a fresh election may be the last resort.The result of 2010 election,was a hung parliament with the Conservative party as the largest single party.The results for the 3 main parties were:Conservatives-307,Labour-258,Liberal Democrats-57.,Modern Commonwealth is a voluntary free association of 53 independent sovereign states each responsible for its own policies but co-operating together in their common interests.31 members of the Commonwealth are republics,e.g.India 17 are monarchies with Queen Elizabeth II as Head of State,e.g.Australia,Canada 5 have national monarchs,e.g.Fiji,The Commonwealth,Origin of the Commonwealth,Your Topic Goes Here,Your subtopic goes here,Elements,
